共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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ACTN3基因R577X多态性与运动能力的关联性研究:Meta分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:采用Meta分析定量评价ACTN3基因R577X多态性与耐力素质和速度力量素质的相关性;方法:以耐力型项目运动员组和对照组的XX/(RR+RX)OR、X/R OR和速度力量型项目运动员组和对照组的RR/(RX+XX)OR、R/X OR值为统计量,检索截止至2010年11月的相关文献,制定文献筛选标准,对纳入研究进行异质性检验,数据合并和发表偏倚检验;结果:涉及耐力型项目研究11项和力量速度型项目研究10项分别纳入meta分析,其中,耐力型项目研究共包含运动员组2 220例和对照组3 410例,力量速度型项目研究共包含运动员组1 140例和对照组2 800例.速度力量型项目RR/(RX+RR)OR=1.40(95%CI=1.21～1.62,P<0.01),R/X OR=1.33(95%CI=1.20～1.48,P<0.01),亚组分析欧裔人群RR/(RX+RR)OR=1.37(95%CI=1.17～1.60,P<0.01);R/X OR=1.37(95%CI=1.22～1.53,P<0.01),Egger's检验和Begg's检验均未发现显著发表偏倚;结论:ACIN3基因R577X多态性存在种族差异,RR基因型和R等位基因是速度力量素质的保护因素.欧裔人群中,RR基因型和R等位基因与速度力量素质显著关联.ACTN3基因R577X多态性可以作为速度力量型项目运动员基因选材的候选位点之一,但用于耐力型项目运动员的基因选材尚证据不足. 相似文献
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从助跑与起跳结合的角度上探讨跳高运动员的下肢专门素质训练 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
跳高是一项需要高功率爆发力以及合理、正确技术的田径项目之一,关于如何更有效地去发展对跳高专项有直接作用的下肢专门素质,是极为重要的,多年来我们在这方面是重视的。然而我们有不少的运动员,他们的一般弹跳力很好(如:立定跳远,立定多级跳、原地纵跳),可惜的是这些弹跳素质不能在跳高时充分地反映出来,尤其是助跑一快就几乎无法完成起跳的动作。例如我组过去有一位跳高运动员(该运动员已于1981年分配了),他的一般弹跳素质很好,立定跳远3.44米,立定三级跳9.98米,原地过竿1.72米,但这些 相似文献
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澳大利亚《现代运动员和教练员》刊登了P.西利斯关于跳远选材的论文,指出:跳远运动员的选材应根据以下两条标准进行:1.人体测量条件优越;跳远、立定跳远、立定三级跳远、纵跳以及疾跑的成绩良好。2.在十八个月内,这些成绩要有一定的提高。 相似文献
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运用文献资料、专家访谈、素质测试、比较分析和数理统计等方法,研究湖北省网球后备人才身体素质现状。结果表明：男运动员的800m跑、背力、原地纵跳身体素质指标明显优于女运动员,且具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。扇形跑、立定跳远、30m跑、握力男运动员略优于女运动员;一分钟双摇跳绳、反应时、坐位体前屈女运动员略优于男运动员,... 相似文献
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ACTN3基因C1747T多态位点作为举重运动员选材用分子标记的可行性研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
目的:选取ACTN3基因C1747T多态位点进行解析,筛选中国举重运动员选材用分子标记.方法:提取94名中国北方汉族优秀举重运动员全血DNA,应用PCR-RFLP方法解析C1747T多态位点,通过X2检验与206名普通对照组进行分析.结果:94名中国北方汉族优秀举重运动员的C1747T多态位点的基因型分布经f检验符合H-W平衡(X2=2.04;df=2;P0. 05).优秀举重运动员组与普通时照组ACTN3基因C1747T多态位点的基因型分布具有显著性差异(P=0.031,P<0.05),等位基因分布也具有显著性差异(P=0.022,P<0. 05),与普通对照组(CC基因型:31%;C等位基因:56%)相比,举重运动员组CC基因型(47%)以及C等位基因(66%)的出现频率较高.结论:我国北方汉族人群ACTN3基因C1747T多态位点的CC基因型和C等位基因与优秀的力量素质显著相关.可以将ACTN3基因C1747T多态位点的CC基因型作为中国北方汉族举重运动员的选材用分子标记. 相似文献
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目的:研究快速伸缩复合训练对青年男子篮球运动员下肢爆发力的影响,旨在为篮球运动员下肢爆发力的训练提供参考。方法:采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验法、数理统计法等,选取16名青年男子篮球运动员为研究对象,随机分成实验组和对照组,每组各8人。对照组采用下肢传统抗阻力量训练,实验组采用下肢快速伸缩复合训练,训练时长为8周,每周3次课,每次60min。训练前后对反映篮球运动员下肢爆发力的立定跳远、原地双脚起跳摸高、助跑单脚起跳摸高、"T"字折返跑和30m冲刺跑指标进行测试。结果:经过8周的训练,对照组各测试指标成绩均有提高,其中立定跳远、原地双脚起跳摸高成绩有非常显著提高(P<0.01),助跑单脚起跳摸高成绩有显著提高(P<0.05),"T"字折返跑和30m冲刺跑成绩提高但不显著(P>0.05);实验组的立定跳远、原地双脚起跳摸高、助跑单脚起跳摸高、"T"字折返跑和30m冲刺跑成绩均有非常显著提高(P<0.01)。实验后实验组各项爆发力测试指标的成绩均非常显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:传统抗阻力量训练和快速伸缩复合训练均可以提高青年篮球运动员的下肢爆发力,但快速伸缩复合训练比传统抗阻力量训练提升效果更为明显。 相似文献
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对青少年运动员原地推铅球相关身体素质的分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
曾三明 《武汉体育学院学报》2002,36(3):99-100
运用文献资料法以及灰色关联分析法，对40名青少年运动员6项身体素质与原地推铅球的关联进行了分析，结果表明，与原地推铅球相关的身体素质关联度由大到小依次为的抛、卧推，立定跳远，立定三级跳远、30m跑和深蹲，发展原地推铅球素质应首先考虑与其关联度较强的素质手段，而关联较低的素质练习手段应作为训练的突破口。 相似文献
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目的：通过同一项群训练的迁移理论,验证INT对篮球运动员的下肢爆发力的影响。研究方法：选择20名平均年龄18岁的大学男子篮球运动员作为实验对象,分为实验组(EG)和对照组(CG),对EG受试者进行8周,每周3次,每次90 min; CG受试者进行8周传统力量训练,每周3次,每次90 min,在实验干预前后分别对受试者下肢爆发力进行测试。研究结果：训练干预后,EG与CG受试者相比,助跑垂直纵跳、垂直纵跳、单脚侧跳和立定跳远成绩均有显著性提高(P<0.05)。研究结论：INT训练能够对篮球运动员的下肢爆发力产生积极的影响。建议：在球类实践或训练过程中,可以合理利用抗阻训练、超等长训练、动态稳定训练、速度训练和灵敏训练等与专项技术运动相结合,提升在比赛中的专项动作效率,使INT训练的综合效果能直接运用到比赛所需的技战术动作模式中,为运动员训练效果的专项化迁移奠定扎实基础。 相似文献
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《安徽体育科技》1989,(2)
运用纵跳和掷球测试来评定青少年及成人运动员的爆发力。对少年运动员(n值361)进行了测试,年龄是10——16岁,共有田径、体操、篮球、速滑、冰球、定向越野跑和摔跤七个运动项目。并对10名成人排球运动员进行了测试。纵跳是在一个平台上进行的负重垂直反向跳,该平台连接着一个人体重心升高的计算机,而定位球投掷测试,是用电子设备对各种实心球测定水平速度,除了以上,还以48名田径运动员为对照组做了跳起摸高、立定跳远和实心球投远测试。发现新的纵跳测试对11岁以上的年龄组,产生出显著性的结果。而投掷测试则对10岁的年龄组有着显著性。投掷测试中各项目之间的差别较小,而跳高测试,体 相似文献
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Naoki Kikuchi Eri Miyamoto-Mikami Haruka Murakami Tomohiro Nakamura Seok-Ki Min Masuhiko Mizuno 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(6):694-701
Aim: Recent meta-analyses of the literature confirmed the association between the RR+RX genotype of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and elite sprint/power athletic status in Europeans but not in Asians and Africans, while the association between the R577X genotype and elite endurance athlete status is less convincing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the ACTN3 R577X genotype and elite athlete status in a large Asian (Japanese) cohort of track and field athletes. Methods: One-thousand fifty-seven Japanese track and field athletes (627 sprint/power athletes and 430 endurance athletes) and 810 Japanese controls were genotyped for the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) by using the TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay. Results: Elite sprint/power athletes had a higher frequency of the RR+RX genotype than the controls (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.16–2.18; P?=?.003). A significant linear correlation was found between the RR?+?RX genotype and athlete status (i.e. regional?P?=?.001 for trend) and long-distance runners (regional: 65%, national: 72%, international: 82%; P?=?.030 for trend). Conclusions: The data obtained for this large Asian (Japanese) cohort of track and field athletes served to confirm the association between the RR?+?RX genotype of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and elite sprint/power athlete status and also the association between the ACTN3 RR?+?RX genotype and long-distance running athletic status. 相似文献
12.
Alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) is absent in 18% of healthy Caucasian individuals owing to homozygosity for a premature stop codon (X) at amino acid 577 (rs1815739). Previous studies have shown a strong association between ACTN3 genotype and human athletic performance. In a study of 452 young Chinese male soldiers, we examined the distribution of ACTN3 genotypes and alleles and analysed the association between ACTN3 genotypes and athletic performance. We found that the frequencies of the ACTN3 R577X genotype (RR 39.8%, RX 43.4%, and XX 16.8%) and R577X allele (R 61.5%, X 38.5%) in young Chinese males were not significantly different from those in Caucasians. We only observed a significant association (P = 0.025) between ACTN3 R577X genotypes and grip strength. Participants with the XX genotype displayed significantly lower handgrip strength than individuals with the RR genotype (P = 0.021), but the difference between XX and RX means (P = 0.258) and that between RR and RX means (P = 0.42) was not significant. We did not observe a strong association between the ACTN3 R577X genotypes and sprint phenotypes or endurance phenotypes. In conclusion, our results indicate that the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is most strongly associated with grip strength in young Chinese male soldiers. 相似文献
13.
Abstract Alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) is absent in 18% of healthy Caucasian individuals owing to homozygosity for a premature stop codon (X) at amino acid 577 (rs1815739). Previous studies have shown a strong association between ACTN3 genotype and human athletic performance. In a study of 452 young Chinese male soldiers, we examined the distribution of ACTN3 genotypes and alleles and analysed the association between ACTN3 genotypes and athletic performance. We found that the frequencies of the ACTN3 R577X genotype (RR 39.8%, RX 43.4%, and XX 16.8%) and R577X allele (R 61.5%, X 38.5%) in young Chinese males were not significantly different from those in Caucasians. We only observed a significant association (P = 0.025) between ACTN3 R577X genotypes and grip strength. Participants with the XX genotype displayed significantly lower handgrip strength than individuals with the RR genotype (P = 0.021), but the difference between XX and RX means (P = 0.258) and that between RR and RX means (P = 0.42) was not significant. We did not observe a strong association between the ACTN3 R577X genotypes and sprint phenotypes or endurance phenotypes. In conclusion, our results indicate that the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is most strongly associated with grip strength in young Chinese male soldiers. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2023,12(3):359-368
PurposeThe aim of this study was to review, systematically, evidence concerning the link between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and the rates and severity of non-contact injuries and exercise-induced muscle damage in athletes and individuals enrolled in exercise training programs.MethodsA computerized literature search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus, from inception until November 2020. All included studies compared the epidemiological characteristics of non-contact injury between the different genotypes of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism.ResultsOur search identified 492 records. After the screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts, 13 studies examining the association between the ACTN3 genotypes and the rate and severity of non-contact injury were included in the analysis. These studies were performed in 6 different countries (Spain, Japan, Brazil, China, the Republic of Korea, and Italy) and involved a total participant pool of 1093 participants. Of the studies, 2 studies involved only women, 5 studies involved only men, and 6 studies involved both men and women. All the studies included were classified as high-quality studies (≥6 points in the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale score). Overall, evidence suggests there is an association between the ACTN3 R577X genotype and non-contact injury in 12 investigations. Six studies observed a significant association between ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and exercise induced muscle damage: 2 with non-contact ankle injury, 3 with non-contact muscle injury, and 1 with overall non-contact injury.ConclusionThe present findings support the premise that possessing the ACTN3 XX genotype may predispose athletes to a higher probability of some non-contact injuries, such as muscle injury, ankle sprains, and higher levels of exercise-induced muscle damage. 相似文献
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Xuya Shang Zongyu Li Xuecheng Cao Chen Xie Mingyong Gu Pei Chen 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(17):1775-1779
Ankle sprains are one of the most severe musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries during physical activity. Although many risk factors have been offered, it is unclear why some individuals develop noncontact ankle sprains when participating in comparable levels of physical exertion under identical environmental conditions and others do not. The ACTN3 gene that encodes the α-actinin-3 protein, which is, only expressed in the Z line of fast glycolytic muscle fibres was found to associate with power/strength performance. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate whether the ACTN3 gene polymorphism is associated with noncontact acute ankle sprains. One hundred and forty-two participants with clinically diagnosed noncontact acute ankle sprains as well as 280 physically active controls participants without any history of ankle sprains were included in this case–control genetic association study. The RR genotype (odds ratio (OR) = 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.32–0.65, P = 0.011) and R allele (OR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.37–0.68, P = 0.002) of the ACTN3 were significantly low-represented in the acute ankle sprains group compared with the control group. The ACTN3 R577X is associated with acute ankle sprains in Chinese participants in this study. This is the first study to suggest that an individual with a RR genotype is at a decreased risk of acute ankle sprains. 相似文献
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Moresi MP Bradshaw EJ Greene D Naughton G 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2011,10(2):73-84
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of two long jump tasks and their ability to predict 10 m sprint performance in elite adolescent female athletes. Eight junior national-level female track and field athletes completed three standing (SLJ) and reactive long jumps (RLJ) on portable force plates, followed by three 10 m sprints. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated to examine reliability. Linear regression results identified the best predictor of average and best 10 m sprint time from the jump kinematic and kinetic measures. The ICCs and CVs indicated good reliability for the majority of kinetic measures however, better reliability was reported for the SLJ. The SLJ was a good predictor of best and average 10 m sprint time, with average horizontal power the best predictor of performance (best; R2 = 0.751, p = 0.003, Standard Error of Estimate (SEE)% = 2.2 average; R2 = 0.708, p = 0.005, SEE% = 2.5). 相似文献
17.
目的：探讨重复冷热水交替浴（CWT）对羽毛球运动员运动后身体机能的影响。方法：将16名优秀男子羽毛球运动员随机分成CWT组和对照组（CON），每组8名。两组运动员均参与两周体能训练，每节训练课后分别采用CWT或静态休息作为整理活动，其间动态检测运动员的主观疲劳度、运动能力和代谢指标，评价运动员机能恢复情况。结果：在主观感觉上，CWT组在每周最后一节训练课后即刻、下一周周一上午训练前肌肉酸痛感和全身自感疲劳度均明显低于CON组（P＜0.05），两组运动员经过周末休息后肌肉酸痛和全身自感疲劳度均明显改善（P＜0.05）；在运动能力上，CWT组静蹲成绩在每周最后一节训练课后即刻明显优于CON组（P＜0.05），两周训练结束后即刻立定跳远成绩明显优于CON组（P＜0.05）；经过周末休息后，CWT组立定跳远与静蹲成绩没有显著性改变（P＞0.05）；在机体代谢水平上，随着两周大运动量训练，血清肌酸激酶（CK）浓度组间没有显著性差异（P＞0.05），而两周训练后，CWT组血清尿素氮（BUN）浓度明显低于CON组（P＜0.05）。结论：CWT能缓解羽毛球男子运动员连续运动后的肌肉酸痛感和全身自感疲劳度，能延缓立定跳远和静蹲能力的下降，可能降低体内蛋白分解水平。 相似文献
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目的:探讨我国优秀花样游泳运动员功能性动作能力与力量素质的相关性,分析功能动作筛查测试与力量素质测试结果存在的内在联系,从专项视角探讨花样游泳运动项目的训练策略并提出建议。方法:选取国家花样游泳队14名健将级运动员为研究对象,对其进行FMS、握力、上肢力量、股内收肌群力量、躯干核心耐力、下肢爆发力测试,并对测试结果进行相关性分析。结果:1)14名花样游泳运动员FMS测试平均得分为15.21分,有5人测试得分低于运动损伤高风险的临界值(14分);2)FMS测试总分与Keiser坐姿上推(偏相关系数=0.622,P<0.05)、45°股内收肌群横向收缩力量(偏相关系数=0.652,P<0.05)、90°股内收肌群横向收缩力量(偏相关系数=0.746,P<0.01)均呈正相关;3)直线弓步蹲与Keiser坐姿上推(偏相关系数=0.711,P<0.05)、无反向纵跳(偏相关系数=0.661,P<0.05)、有反向纵跳(偏相关系数=0.614,P<0.05)和40 cm跳深跳高(偏相关系数=0.754,P<0.01)均呈正相关;肩部灵活性测试得分与Keiser下蹲上推(偏相关系数=0.575,P<0.05)、45°股内收肌群横向收缩力量(偏相关系数=0.585,P<0.05)以及90°股内收肌群横向收缩力量(r=0.867,P<0.01)均呈正相关,与仰桥耐力呈负相关(偏相关系数=0.701,P<0.05);旋转稳定性与40 cm跳深跳高呈正相关(偏相关系数=0.575,P<0.05)。结论:我国优秀花样游泳运动员髋关节主动灵活性和臀大肌-髂胫束联合等肌群的主动柔韧性较好,但存在膝关节、髋关节稳定性差、躯干核心区肌群控制力不足等问题,受主导臂和主导腿均为右侧影响,运动员身体两侧不平衡明显。运动员FMS测试得分并不能全面反映其力量素质的高低,FMS测试得分与部分力量素质测试结果存在相关性,可能与两种测试均涉及同一动力链结构系统肌群的协同工作和动作存在做功类型的相似性有关。 相似文献
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为探讨不同生源的大学新生的体质状况,以3 653名大学一年级学生为研究对象,采用实验测试法按照《国家学生体质健康标准》的要求进行测试研究。结果发现:①城镇生源的大学新生在身高、体重等测试项目上显著性大于农村生源的大学新生(P<0.05),而农村生源的大学新生在耐力项目得分、坐位体前屈、立定跳远和总得分等测试项目上非常显著高于城镇生源的大学新生(P<0.01)。②城镇生源的大学新生中女性同学在肺活量测试项目非常显著大于农村生源大学生(P<0.01),而在800m测试、坐位体前屈、立定跳远和总得分等方面农村生源的女性新生显著高于城镇生源的女性新生(P<0.01)。③城镇生源的大学新生中男性在身高、体重、肺活量等测试项目非常显著高于农村生源的男性(P<0.01),而在1 000m测试、坐位体前屈和总得分等测试项目农村生源的男性新生非常显著高于城镇生源的男性新生(P<0.01)。结论:农村生源大学新生的体质显著性好于城镇生源大学新生,但城市生源大学新生的身高、体重的显著性高于农村生源大学新生。生活的环境、应试教育和对困难的认知能力是造成此结果的主要因素。 相似文献