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1.
Nancy Bell 《文物保护研究》2015,60(6):20-22
This paper presents the outcomes of reflection and debate within the ICCROM Forum (2013) which explored how to build an impactful future for science in conservation. It sets out a number of recommendations to support a vibrant heritage science community with an impactful future. Key recommendations include: adopting the term heritage science as this reflects the growing use of the term in domains not exclusively conservation-focussed, positioning ICCROM as a leader in setting a vision for the heritage science community which would grow capacity, and support a high standard of academic research to underpin an impactful future for this growing discipline. 相似文献
2.
Agnes W. Brokerhof 《文物保护研究》2015,60(6):7-13
This paper reports the conclusions and recommendations of the working group that synthesized the discussions on ‘How can science connect with and be of greater benefit to conservation practice?’ during the ICCROM Forum on Conservation Science. The author reflects on these findings from her own perspective and experiences, and places them in the context of two major shifts in heritage research: the first, a shift in focus from conserving materials to managing meaning. The second, a shift in organizational structures from single, centrally funded heritage institutions towards diffuse networks which include new players who have no direct responsibility towards heritage. Both shifts are taking place in an environment of decreased funding and increased accountability to society. Science and conservation connect and contribute to each other most effectively if they together contribute to the societal benefits of heritage. In this regard, heritage science strategies can stimulate collaboration, and direct science and conservation towards innovative, applicable outcomes. Moreover, they can promote a transdisciplinary approach which connects social, economic and business sciences and stakeholders. They should also ensure the creation of sustainable nodes for consolidating knowledge within these dynamic networks. 相似文献
3.
Sujeong Lee 《文物保护研究》2015,60(6):48-56
This paper draws upon the deliberations and outcomes of a discussion group at the ICCROM Forum 2013 on Conservation Science which focussed on the role of policy-makers within conservation science as important agents who can determine the future of this field, and how to strengthen the relationship between heritage professionals and policy-makers. In developing recommendations, five key areas were considered: identifying policy-makers; the actors involved in drafting and deciding a policy; what policy-makers require from conservation scientists; what conservation scientists require from policy-makers; and the ways to develop common interest between conservation scientists and policy-makers for efficient policy-making. This report summarizes the findings from each area concluding with two parts: key messages to policy-makers; and recommendations to conservation scientists to ensure that the key messages are included in policy-making. 相似文献
4.
Educating future professionals in conservation science: The challenges of an interdisciplinary field
Stavroula Golfomitsou 《文物保护研究》2015,60(6):39-47
Training and education paths in conservation science have been the subject of ongoing debate over the last two decades. A key issue is that conservation science, although not a new field, is not adequately defined, which leads to a lack of consensus regarding the competencies needed. During the ICCROM Forum 2013 on Conservation Science, education for conservation scientists was discussed, with a particular focus on those necessary competencies which exceed the scientific domain. This paper reflects on the outcomes of these discussions as well as the results of surveys carried out by ICCROM in preparation for the Forum on education, job advertisements, and the relationship between conservation professionals and science. Challenges identified included current professional paths, dissemination of scientific findings, use of specialized terminology, and the need for professionals who serve more than one area of specialization. These challenges could be viewed as an opportunity to revise and modify educational programmes. New interactive platforms could be used to facilitate participative science projects, and could change the way projects are carried out in the near future. 相似文献
5.
Marie-Claude Corbeil 《文物保护研究》2015,60(6):32-38
Key messages to conservation institutions were drafted during the ICCROM Forum 2013 on Conservation Science so they could, in turn, influence the profession. The first message is a general statement of the fact that conservation science is an essential part of conservation. The other messages provide guidance to conservation institutions so that they can achieve maximum impact. Conservation institutions should engage in research and development that anticipate issues, provide sustainable solutions and guidelines, and are conducted in a transdisciplinary way; share resources and expertise to be more efficient, increase access and reduce inequalities; and assume a leadership role, promote conservation, and ensure knowledge is made available. The key messages, five altogether, are reproduced in their entirety in this article, which provides further elaboration and development of each message as well as avenues for making positive changes in strategic areas. 相似文献
6.
Stefan Michalski 《文物保护研究》2015,60(6):23-31
The results of the ICCROM Forum 2013 on Conservation Science working group on Tools for assessing needs and impacts is presented. It is used as a starting point for a fundamental study of tools in general, tangible and intangible. The phenomenon of scientists and their organizations becoming defined by their tools, and unable to change when the needs of those they serve change, was noted by Kaplan in 1964. Part of the mechanism is the human tendency to solve any disagreement between new facts (like client needs) and old beliefs (such as the importance of one's toolset) by twisting the facts rather than the beliefs. Collins' proposal of three kinds of tacit knowledge, with collective tacit knowledge as the most difficult to make explicit, can explain common problems of interpretation and communication of assessments, and guide strategies for reliable tools. Kaufmann's ideas on the structuring of needs assessment by levels, and the distinction between macro outputs and mega outcomes, is combined with Maslow's five basic human needs, as well as the three pillars of sustainability, to produce an overall map of where needs assessment tools operate, and where conservation science organizations fit into this structure. 相似文献
7.
Gunilla Lagnesjö 《文物保护研究》2015,60(6):14-19
During the ICCROM Forum on Conservation Science in 2013, one of the main themes discussed was the ability for conservation science to contribute to global societal priorities. Today's world is in many ways globalized. Human actions have an impact at local as well as global level. Information travels fast, more or less in real time. To set up a framework for international interactions and cooperation, the majority of the recognized nations have joined the United Nations and signed the Universal Declaration on Human Rights. Global societal priorities are various and wide-ranging. This paper deals primarily with those that are referred to under the UN Millennium Development Goals and the term Sustainable Development. The first aims to fight extreme poverty, raise education levels, achieve gender equality, combat diseases, etc. The second deals with the interconnecting systems of social, economic, and environmental sustainability. A core aspect in the discussion is that culture and cultural heritage is integrated in all human activities, yet is diverse because culture holds various values, meanings, and functions for different groups in society. Cultural heritage is a powerful tool to reach and interact with people. It can be used for good and for ill. For conservation science as a discipline to take its professional responsibility seriously, it should contribute to the multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary environment of conservation, and enhance its benefits for society. Through advanced research it can provide historical perspectives and raise awareness of traditional methods, transforming it into ‘easily accessible’ knowledge. It can also contribute by providing facts and information that can open up different narratives based on the same cultural historical realia. Examples of how that can be done are given under the headings: social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Finally, addressing the global conservation community, the following three areas are recommended for future development: the need for process managers and facilitators; the need for active participation in the global sustainability challenges, and the need for inspirational role models and case studies. 相似文献
8.
Katy Lithgow 《文物保护研究》2015,60(6):57-63
What are the key messages conservation science should communicate to the public? Although the profile of conservation science itself can be raised by talking about the process, most feel that the messages should concern what conservation science brings to the focus of its work – cultural heritage. However, it is no longer enough to focus on the needs of heritage in isolation. Demonstrating public benefit is crucial to persuade decision-makers to invest not only in the conservation of cultural heritage but also in the science that informs its care. Conservation science can research the significance of cultural heritage and how to enable access to it, but it now also needs to engage the public actively in its activities. This means continuing to use the traditional ‘hard’ sciences of physics and chemistry but also learning from and collaborating more with less familiar partners such as the social sciences, the medical sciences, and natural heritage to demonstrate how conservation science is good for people, and developing new methods of communication to do this. Conservation science needs to engage with the public not only as a subject for research but also as a means of doing the research, so the end also becomes the means. Public impact should be factored into conservation science projects, with training in communication and the principles of interpretation provided to those involved. A more fundamental shift may be required in the sector however, that puts people's benefit at the heart of conservation science as much as the benefit of the cultural heritage it engages with. 相似文献
9.
This paper examines how research impact is defined, measured, and generated – with a view to understanding how it can be enhanced within heritage conservation. It examines what is meant by ‘impact’ and how it can be promoted within heritage science through effective inter-disciplinary collaboration. Following a general examination of the current discourse concerning research impact, the study examined: (i) active research networks within heritage science; (ii) research planning and evaluation practices within heritage science; and (iii) the experiences of users (i.e. conservators and other heritage professionals) within research collaborations. Terminologies surrounding the notion of impact and the various phases of the research process were reviewed – from the initial identification of a knowledge gap to the eventual application of new findings in practice. Next, the reach and diversity of research collaborations (as identified through publication co-authorship) were studied to characterise the inter-disciplinary nature of heritage science and its connectedness to users. Findings showed substantial growth in international research collaborations over recent years, predominantly involving academic- and research-oriented institutions – although the engagement of heritage institutions has proportionally decreased. In addition, a worldwide survey of institutional planning and evaluation practices revealed a general reliance on processes driven by the interests of researchers – the systematic consideration of stakeholder opinion and evaluation of research outcomes being less common. Finally, a series of semi-structured interviews with senior heritage professionals explored their experience of collaborative research. The results identified key areas where strategic support is needed to promote user participation and enhance impact. These include training for research readiness, engagement, and impact for both researchers and users; better methods for needs and outcome assessment; affordable open access options and greater diversity of knowledge exchange opportunities. Finally, the need for ethical guidelines for responsible research, and greater emphasis on non-academic impact within research rating systems are discussed. 相似文献
10.
回顾与前瞻:"十三五"档案学科发展调查和"十四五"档案学重点研究领域展望 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
“十三五”期间,我国档案学科在学科建设、人才培养、学术研究、服务社会、国际交流与合作等方面取得了长足进展,推出了丰富的研究成果,获得了新的更大的发展空间。但在档案学原创性基础理论研究、档案学研究平台、团队与基础设施建设方面仍较薄弱,学科影响力尚需进一步提升。“十四五”期间,我国档案学科仍将关注人文、管理和技术三大研究取向,更注重这三者的交叉与融合,重点对文件档案管理数字转型、档案记忆理论与数字记忆、档案与数字人文、档案社会化趋向与文件档案管理理论创新、文件档案治理、古文书与档案事业发展史、文献遗产保护与修复及档案学专业教育改革与发展等领域开展研究,开创开放、多元、创新的学科新局面。 相似文献
11.
［目的/意义］ 科学合作的多样性是科学计量学领域"团队科学"研究主题中的一个新兴研究点,与以往线性视角下的合作特征不同,它是一种多维度、系统性视角下的结构性特征。对科学合作多样性的研究与梳理有助于理解科学合作的内在结构、本质和价值。［方法/过程］ 对科学计量学领域的合作多样性相关研究进行评述:首先系统梳理和界定了科学合作多样性的类型和概念维度,基于作者属性将其定义为四大类共10种不同的合作多样性;其次从概念内涵、测度方法、效用分析3个维度,分别对各类型合作多样性进行研究评述;最后总结了现有研究不足并对未来研究做出展望。［结果/结论］ 研究发现,现有文献更加偏重基于文献计量特征属性的合作多样性研究,而对个体属性与专业属性的合作多样性的研究较少,并且大多体现多样性概念框架的部分内涵;测度方法也以传统方法为主,使用新型多样性测度方法(考虑了相似性维度)较少;效用研究则以引文影响力的单一类型效用为主。未来研究需关注非文献计量属性的合作多样性类型,以及体现多样性概念完整内涵,探索包含相似性维度的多样性测度方法,在效用研究中需扩展质量层面的多类型效用研究,尤其需加强背后的成因分析。 相似文献
12.
13.
对我国情报学研究中的情报、情报学和竞争情报三个基本问题谈了我的理解,以期促进我国情报工作和情报学研究的发展,推动中国情报界对这些问题的反思。 相似文献
14.
Public visual spaces, populated by a blend of community murals, unauthorised street art, and historic painted mercantile signs, are often the mark of an urban environment that is both progressive and eclectic. Changes in the aesthetic and cultural value of these urban mural forms have led to an increase in the appreciation and, in some instances, promotion of their artistic merit and cultural significance as examples of public art. However, examining the significance of these works, with a view to implementing a conservation approach is problematic. This is due to a number of practical and theoretical considerations that are primarily a result of the ephemeral existence of urban murals outside conventional exhibition spaces, and issues associated with their often fragmented ownership and uncertain authorship. Consequently, larger thinking on the interpretation, conservation assessment, and advocacy for the conservation of urban murals are required. Key to defining and implementing such strategies is contextualising the public visual spaces that these murals occupy and, as part of this, the local and wider communities’ perception of these murals as culturally significant objects as well as fostering awareness and understanding of appropriate measures aimed at their conservation. This paper examines the role of citizen science, or crowd-sourcing, of local community members in establishing a conservation dialogue and generating conservation- relevant data on urban murals. It looks specifically at a project involving a collection of in situ historic painted mercantile signs — also known as ghost signs — in the City of Port Phillip, Melbourne, Australia. The project fostered the establishment of an informed and open dialogue between conservation specialists and participants from the local community on the significance of local ghost signs whilst transferring knowledge on conservation processes and assessment methods. Working directly with community members, a programme was designed in which conservation and community knowledge of these urban art forms, could be collected and exchanged across digital platforms. This enabled researchers to examine how citizen science can be utilised as a research tool as well as a means to advocate for the conservation of collections of urban murals. It created the opportunity to consider the role of non-specialists and shared authorities in the collection and collation of conservation- relevant data and how information generated from what we call citizen conservation projects, can inform the way in which conservators evaluate and prioritize the conservation of urban cultural heritage. The data gathered and interpreted proved to be the most effective means of ‘conserving’ these often ephemeral forms of cultural material. 相似文献
15.
This paper presents brief information and an analytical overview of the reports that were presented at the Fourth International
Nanotechnology Forum in Moscow on October 26–28, 2011. It contains scientometric data on the participants of the Forum and
the distribution of authors by cities and research centers. The problems and achievements of Russian and foreign nanotechnology
science are outlined. 相似文献
16.
[目的/意义]梳理和分析我国档案学研究热点与前沿问题,为档案学学科体系建设和档案学理论研究提供参考与借鉴,为档案实践工作的发展与变革提供洞见与支持。[研究设计/方法]以我国档案学领域2015—2019年间在《档案学通讯》《档案学研究》上刊载的所有论文、出台的重要政策、举办的重要学术会议、立项的国家课题为样本,运用文献计量方法和文本分析法对其进行梳理与分析,以此得出我国档案学研究热点与前沿问题,并对其进行阐释和说明。[结论/发现]中国档案学研究热点与前沿问题包括:档案学研究、档案馆与数字档案馆、新一代数字和网络信息技术与档案工作、电子文件管理、档案资源体系与服务体系建设、档案文献整理与研究、档案文献遗产保护与非遗档案管理、档案职业、档案与记忆、数字人文与档案、档案治理、档案管理体制改革。[创新/价值]梳理和分析了中国档案学研究热点和前沿问题。 相似文献
17.
Simon Lambert Catherine Antomarchi Kelly Johnson Julie Stevenson Marjolijn Debulpaep Theocharis Katrakazis 《文物保护研究》2018,63(5):156-163
ABSTRACTThe modern learning environment is evolving at a rapid pace. Technology can help developers of preventive conservation tools and learning resources for collections professionals to increase their impact and reach. However, it is crucial to keep the needs of users, and gaps in skills and knowledge at the forefront. This article examines preventive conservation tools and resources developed by the Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) and ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property) over the past 30 years. In light of the results from a recent survey and research in the learning and development field, a set of orientations for future tool development are highlighted; these tools must be: need driven, user centered, emulating everyday experiences, social and informal, concise, mobile friendly, curated and open access. 相似文献
18.
[目的/意义]对美国高校图书馆公众科学服务现状进行梳理总结，以期为我国高校图书馆开展公众科学服务提供借鉴。[方法/过程]选取美国已开展公众科学服务的9所高校图书馆作为调研对象，从图书馆网站"公众科学"栏目的设置情况、公众科学项目推荐、资源推荐以及公众科学实践活动的开展等方面进行分析和总结，在此基础上对我国高校图书馆开展公众科学服务提出建议。[结果/结论]指出我国高校图书馆应加强公众科学教育，引导馆员和公众积极参与公众科学实践；在图书馆网站上建立功能完善的"公众科学"栏目；开展形式多样的公众科学活动；充分利用创客空间推动公众科学服务的发展；设置公众科学服务岗位；发挥图书馆学会和联盟的力量，鼓励和指导高校图书馆开展公众科学服务。 相似文献
19.
[目的/意义]社会化标签是我国图书情报与数字图书馆学科领域的研究热点,在近几年的发展过程中,对于标签的研究范围拓展至信息质量、信息检索、信息推荐等多个图情研究领域,对图情学科标签研究进展的分析或评述将为"社会化标签"未来的发展研究提供依据。[方法/过程]选取2010年至2017年间的图情领域期刊文献,利用CiteSpace可视化剖析社会化标签研究热点、发展进程、研究趋势,并从标签应用、标签信息、标签质量、信息推荐、信息检索5个角度对主题研究进行分析总结。[结果/结论]基于社会化标签研究现状及问题提出相关建议,如拓展标签在本体、信息检索层面的研究范围,以用户为中心适应个性化需求,将研究成果应用于实践等。 相似文献
20.
开放科学的驱动因素、发展优势与障碍 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[目的/意义]考察目前国际开放科学的发展情况,为国内开放科学的发展提供理论支撑和参考。[方法/过程]通过网络调研和文献调研,综述和介绍开放科学的涵义、驱动开放科学发展的因素及当前开放科学发展的优势和障碍。[结果/结论]开放科学的概念存在多样性;科学发展的需求、各机构和国家的开放科学政策和实践项目是开放科学发展的主要驱动因素;开放科学的优势逐渐凸显,如提高科研的速度和效率、促进发现新的科研问题、增强科研的可见性和参与度、促进学术严谨和科研质量、增强科研合作和群体建设等;开放科学虽有优势,但也有一些因素阻碍其发展,如缺乏学术报酬等激励机制、独立的科研文化与竞争性、缺乏开放科学的知识技能、缺乏知识产权法律保障等。 相似文献