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1.
兰科在横断山地区是维管束植物中的大科之一，共有91属，363种及9变种。 4属为我国特有属，其中1属为本地区所特有；155种及9变种为我国特有种。  其中69种及5变种为本地区所 特有。本文对属、种进行了分析，并对全部种的分布格局作了详细的介绍，概述了本地区兰科植物的区系组成及特点。本文从兰科植物属、种的分布提出了四川峨眉山是东亚植物区中划分中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区和中国-日本植物亚区的分界线上的一个重要的点的看法。  相似文献   

2.
本文对我国种子植物特有属作了初步研究，提出如下几点粗浅的看法：     1．根据我国各特有属的现代地理分布格局，大部分特有属具有明显的温带性特点。     2．我国特有属在水平分布上具有极不均匀的特点。各特有属的广布程度都很低，生态特     化现象十分明显。在垂直分布上，则主要分布于中海拔地区。特有属数目并不随海拔增高而     增多。     3．根据特有属分布的密集程度和分布区边界的密集交叠情况，划定了三个特有属分布中    心，即川东—鄂西中心, 滇东南—桂西中心和川西—滇西北中心。前二中心可能是残遗中心，后一中心则可能为分化中心。  相似文献   

3.
 Situated in western part of Sichuan Province, 29°30'N, 103°20'E, the sacred Mt. Emei is one of the well-known large mountains in China. Its summit is about 3100 m ab- ove sea level with a relative height of 2550 m.        The orchid flora in Mt. Emei so far known comprises 47 genera and 109 species, among which 21 are epiphytes, 83 terrestrials and 5 saprophytes (Table 1.)        1.  The vertical distribution of the orchid flora in the mountain. The epiphytic orchids are concentrated in the lower region  below Hongchunping and Wanniansi (1100 m alt.), where there are 20 species, which make over 95% of epiphytic species; the upper limit for the epiphytic orchids is Jiulaodong and Chudian ( 1800 m alt.). The terrestrial orchids also mainly occur at the lower region below Jiulaodong and Chudian (1800 m alt.), where there are 54 species, most of which are found at even lower part of the mountain, below Hongchunping and Wanniansi (1100 m alt.). The tropicas orchids in the mountain, such as Cleisostoma, Vanda, Holcoglossum, Tropiclia, Thunia, Mischobulbum, Ludisia, Anoectochilus, Odontochilus, etc. all grow only at the lower part of the mountain below Hongchunping and Wanniansi (1100 m alt.).        2. The floristic features of the orchid flora in the Mt. Emei.        (1)  The orchid flora in the mountain so far known comprises 47 genera (over 2/3 of the total orchid genera in Sichuan) and 109 species (over 1/3 of the total orchid species in Sichuan). The Mt. Emei is very rich in orchid species, as compared with neighbouring mountains of same magnitude, such as Mt. Shennonjia in western Hubei, Qin Ling in sou- thern Shaanxi, Jinfo Shan in south-eastern Sichuan, and Erlang Shan in western Sichuan.        (2)  The orchids in the mountain are complex in floristic components as indicated below:        1)  Twenty seven species, belonging to 18 genera, are widespread, covering the whole East-Asian region.        2)  Twenty three species, belonging to 15 genera, are the elements of the Sino-Japanese Subregion. Among them 13 species occur only in Japan and eastern China with the mountain ar the westernmost limit, but the other species extend westwards as far as Kangding and ErLang Shan or Baoxing in Sichuan Province.        3)  Forty two species, belonging to 22 genera, are the elements of the Sino-Himala-yan Subregion, with 5 species having their range extending from the Himalayan  region eastwards to Mt. Emei.        4)  Some tropical genera (8 species), belonging to Indo-Malaysian floristic elements, have the mountain as their northern limit of distribution.       The orchid flora of the Mt. Emei contains not only the East-Asian elements, but also some Indo-Malaysian elements, though its composition is mainly of the temperate and subtropical Eastern Asian (Sino-Japanese) ones.        (3)  The orchid flora in the mountain is characterized by geographical vicariation and differentiation.       There are nine species-pairs (belong to genera Calanthe,  Platanthera,  Dendrobium etc.) of the vertical vicarism and six species-pairs (belonging to genera Tropidia, Aneoctochilus, Mischobulbum, Gymnadenia Orchis, etc.) of the horizontal vicarism in the Mt.  Emei.       Remarkable differentiation of orchid flora in the Mt. Emei is shown in the abundance of endemic elements and as clear geographical vicariation.        (4)  There are 8 endemic species and one variety of orchids in the Mt. Emei, more  abundant than in Xizang.      The floristic features of the orchid flora of the Mt. Emei are rich in species, compara tively complex in components, rather prolific in endemic species, and characterized by geographical vicariation and differentiation. The orchid flora in the Mt. Emei mainly consists of the subtropical and temperate East-Asian elements, with a  considerable proportion of tropical elements though.  相似文献   

4.
The Xizang (Tibetan) flora with numerous endemics is of importance in Chi- nese flora.   According to recent statistics there are in Xizang 27 genera of  spermatophytes endemic to China, being only 2.25% percent of the total number of genera in the Xizang flora. Four of them are regarded as palaeoendemics (14.81%) and the others as neoendemics (85.19%). These endemic genera, of 30 species and 3 varieties, belong to 17 families, of which, Umbelli- ferae contains 6 genera, 7 species and 3 varieties; Compositae has 6 genera and 7 species, and Gentianaceae 1 genus and 2 species.  All the other families each comprises one genus with a single species.       The cosmopolitan families together comprising 14 genera with 15 species have the highest perecentage (52.92%) and the tropical ones (5 families, 5 genera with 5 species) come to the next (29.42%), followed by the temperate ones (3 families, 10 genera with 10 species) (17.66%). It shows that these endemic genera are obviously related to the tropical flora and temperate one in essence.        According to the number of species, the genera endemic to China and occurring in Xi- zang flora may be grouped as fallows. Monotypic endemic ones 14 (51.85%) Ditypic endemic ones 6 (22.22%) Oligotypic endemic ones 4 (14.81%) Small endemic ones 3 (11.11%)        The formation of the endemic genera is correlated with the topography, climate and en- vironmental conditions, and they may have resulted from the diversification in geography and climatic influence for a long time.  The southeastern part of Xizang Plateau is of very diverse ecological conditions, with the adequate precipitation, which may explain the concentration of these endemic genera in this region.        The largest similarity coefficient (38.30%) of the genera endemic to China and occurring in Xizang is with those in Qinghai Plateau, next, with those in Yunnan and in Sichuan pro- vinces (both 27.60%), which shows that these endemic genera are related to the floras of the regions mentioned above.        The difference in the horizontal distribution of these endemic genera is obviously between the southern and northern parts of Xizang Plateau.  The vertical distribution of the genera is also rather obvious, from 800 m to 5200 m above sea level, but concentrated in the zone of 3000 m to 4500 mm.  Therefore their occurrence in Xizang is not only affected by the historical environmental conditions but also controlled by the horizontal and vertical distribution.      The origin and evolution of some endemic genera, such as Psammosilene, Parateropyrum, Sphaerotylos, Salweenia, Ajaniopsis, Xizangia, Sinoleontopodium, are discussed in this paper.      Parateropyrum, a monotypic palaeotropic endemic, belongs to the tribe Atraphaxideae in- cluding Atraphaxis, Calligonum and Pteropyrum.  It may be a comparatively advanced group in the tribe, and is closely related to the genus Pteropyrum  which is  distributed in western Asia.  The genus Parapteropyrum has possibly survived as a palaetropic-tertiary  relic in this region.      Sphaerotylos, a member of the subtribe Sphaerotylinae, the tribe Boehmerieae in the family Urticaceae, is a comparatively primitive genus in the tribe Boehmerieae so far known.  As the other subtribes, such as Boehmerinae, Sarconchlamydinae, Orecnidinae and Maoutinae, are dis- tributed in the tropics, rarely in the subtropics, the genus is no doubt a palaetropic -tertiary relic.      Sinoleontopodium, belonging to the tribe lnuleae in Compositae, is also related to the ge- nus Leontopodium.  It is probable that the genus Sinoleontopodium arised later than the other.       We come to the conclusion that the southern part of Xizang Plateau is also one of thecentres of the origin and differentiation of genera endemic to China.  相似文献   

5.
Gentiana was originally proposed by Tournefort in 1700. Linnaeus adopted this generic name in his “Genera Plantarum” published in 1737. He divided the genus into seven groups on the basis of different shapes of corolla and forms of floral appendages. In his “Species Plantarum” he reorganized them into three artificial ones.  Forty years later, Moench established a new genus, Gentianella under which he described G. tetrandra as the type of his new genus.  In the view of identity of Gentianella tetrandra with Gentiana campestris L., it is evident that Gentianella represents only some plants formerly included in Gentiana at Linnaeus time.  In 1796, Froelich’s monograph on Gentiana appeared.  In his work four sections were represented and one of them was Crossopetalum.  In 1845, Grisebach also published a monograph of  Gentianaceae and recorded fifteen sections of which Amarella and Imaicola are two of his seven proposed ones. In 1888, Huxley studied the floral structure of Gentianaceae  in relation with pollination mechanism and, accordingly, divided the family into two  main groups, one with epipetalous glands, the other with glands at the base of the ovary.  In each group, four types of flowers were found.  He concluded that Gentiana was a  complex genus on account of presence of four different types of flowers in this group,  and suggested that many species of the genus should be separated out to form some smaller  generic categories.  Six years after, Kusnezow in his monograph divided Gentiana into  two subgenera Eugentiana and Gentianella.  In his system, subgenus Eugentiana consists  of ten sections and the Gentianella, seven.  He contributed much to the systematic  treatment of Eugnetiana but little to that of Gentianella.  He maintained the genus  Gentiana in a broad sense.  With increased knowledge of this group in the last thirty years, a number of botanists were able to make a clearer delimitation of true Gentiana  and its allies and treated them in more natural way.  Moench’s genus Gentianella was  rerised.  In 1936, H. Smith separated Megacodon from Gentianella as a genus.  In the  present paper, the writer suggests a generic name Gentianopsis for the section Crossopetalum in the same Genus. This new genus is characterized by (1) its large and somewhat flattened ellipsoidal   flower bud, (2) two dissimilar pairs of calyx lobes which are distichously imbricate in  aestivation, (3) four triangular, ciflated intracalyx membranes at the base of and  alternate with the calyx lobes, (4) distinct gynophore and (5) enlarged stigma. While  in typical Gentianella represented by section Amarella, the flower buds are small and terete, a laciniate corona is usually present, and the calyx-lobes are leafy, lanceolate, imbricate, and not provided with intracalyx membrane.       Besides the morphological characters mentioned above, the anatomical structure of  the floral parts is also a significant generic criterion.  In Gentianopsis, eight vascular  bundles are present in calyx, representing four dorsals and four fused ventrals.  In each  corolla-lobe there are five bundles.  In the body of ovary six bundles are present.  The ovule bearing surface is extensive covering nearly to entire surface of the ovary wall with  the exception of a narrow longitudinal zone along the dorsal bundle.  In Gentianella, calyx bundles are three in each lobe, without fusion of the ventrals.  In each corolla- lobe, the bundles are three instead of five as in Gentianopsis but the lateral ones branch once dichotomously after entering the base of corolla. In the body of ovary only four main bundles are present due to the fusion of smaller ventral ones.  The placentation is confined to the region of the ventral bundles.        Phylogenetically Gentianopsis and Gentianella may be regarded as closely reIated and may represent branches of a common line with Gentianopsis standing at a lower level, Gentianella being more advanced. In Gentianella the number of bundles in the corolla segments and ovary wall are reduced by partial or complete fusion and the distribution of ovules is confined only to the region of the ventral bundles.  However, in the calyx of Gentianopsis there is fusion of ventral bundles, whereas the correspound- ing bundles in the Gentianella remain separate.  The Gentianopsis-Gentianella line on the one hand and the Gentiana line on the other may come again from a common acestral stock.  Gentiana possesses only three bundles in each corolla-lobe.  A variety of plicate between corolla lobes except in case of Gentiana lutea and intracalyx membrane above the throat of calyx-tube are also the common structures in Gentiana.  Thus the pollination mechanism is highly specialized in the genus.  As far as we know, in Gentiana the glandular appendages usually exist at the base of ovary.  If those nectarial processes are correctly interpreted as the representatives of staminodes, gentiana would, undoubtedly, be derived from an ancestral  form with  hypogynous  diplostemonous androecium, and bears no direct relationship to Gentianopsis or Gentianella in which the glands are epipetalous.  It may be reasonable to conclude the Gentiana and Gentianopsis- Gentianella line are two parallel derivatives from a common ancestor which has the floral characters of two series of hypogynous stamens. Gentianopsis and Gentianella may represent branches of a common line with Gentianopsis standing at a lower level, Gentianella being more advanced. Their relations may be diagrammed below:                                                       Gentianopsis                                                                                                                               Gentianella Common ancestor                                                       Gentiana        This new genus consists of fourteen species and two varieties in the world.  Onlyeight species and two varieties are represented in China. They are G. barbara, G. barbatavar. sinensis, G. grandis, G. scabromanginata, G. paludosa, G. nana, G. longistyla,G. lutea, G. contorta, and G. contorta var. Wui.     The species of present genus occur in the alpine regions of North Hemisphere.  InChina t,hey are distributed in Kokonor, Kansu, Shensi, Shansi, Chahar, Hopei, Manchuria,Hupeh, Szechuan, Sikang, Tibet, and Yunnan. G. Yabei (Takeda et Hara) is foundin Japan, G. detonsa (Bott&) in North Europe, G. ciliata (Linn.) in South Europe,G. crinita (Froel.) G. procera (Holm.) and G. degans (A. Nels) in North America.G. barbata is the most widespreading species and reported in Sibiria and China.G. contorta (Royle) is a common plant in Himalayan mountaineous range, China andNorth part of India.     The species and varieties cited in this paper are as follows:           t.  Gentianopsis barbata (Froel.) comb. nov.           la. Gentianopsis barbata (Froel.) var. sinensis, var. nov.          2.  Gentian opsis grandis (H. Sm.) comb. nov.          3.  Gentianopsis scabromarginata (H. Sm.) comb. nov.          4.  Gcntianopsis paludosa (Munro) comb. nov.          5.  Gentianopsis nana sp. nov.          6.  Gentianopsis longistyla, sp. nov.          7.  Gentianopsis lutea, sp. nov.  相似文献   

6.
马兜铃科的地理分布及其系统   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
马兜铃科基本是一个热带科。  东亚的横断山至华南一带是其原始分布与分化中心，热带美洲是其次生分布与分化中心。科的形态演化趋势是花被由分化的双被到不分化的单被，由分离到合生，由杯状到管状；雄蕊由多数到少数，由分离到与雌蕊结合成为合蕊柱；于房由半下位到完全下位；果实由蓇葖状蒴果到蒴果。马兜铃科分2亚科4族6属。  相似文献   

7.
本文报道浙江产菝葜属smilax 7个种的染色体数目和核型。S．nipponica有两种核型，2n＝   26和2n=32，均为3B型，但后一种细胞型的雄株的第一对染色体大小不等，可能为性染色体；S.   riparia 2n=30，属3B型；S．siebodii n＝16；S. china有两个染色体数目，2n＝96 和n＝15；   S. davidiana 2n=32，属3B型，对减数分裂MI的观察发现n＝16；S．glabra 2n=32，亦属3B   型：S. nervo-marginata var．liukiuensis 2n=32，属3C型。讨论了种间在核型上的差异、属的基数、   核型演化趋势和性染色体等问题。  相似文献   

8.
通过半个世纪以来对金佛山近2000号藓类植物标本的鉴定，现确定金佛山藓类植物有40科，133   属和245种(包括4亚种、9变种和1变型)。其区系成分以东亚成分为主(33．77％)，其次为温带成分   (28．57％)及热带、亚热带成分(24．68％)。文内还全面分析了金佛山藓类植物区系及我国南北8个山区藓   类植物区系之间的关系，用排序方法统计它们之间的相似性与非相似性系数，并着重就金佛山藓类植物区  系的过渡性特点作了探讨，提出在该山区与其邻近地区，存在一个苔藓植物东亚特有属的分布中心。  相似文献   

9.
This paper presenta a brief introduction to the taxonomy and geographic distribu- tion of the genus Wendlandia.       The genus Wendlandia in tribe Rondeletieae of the family Rubiaceae was proposed by Bartling in 1830. There are now more than ninety species throughout the world. It is distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical Asia. Thirty species, ten subspecies and three varieties are recorded in the paper. Among these, nine species, two subspecies and one variety are new. They are distributed mainly in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Xizang and Taiwan Provinces. Only one species, namely W. longidens (Hance) Hutch. Extends northward to Hubei and Sichuan.       The classification of the genus in this paper is based on Cowan's system. It is divided into four series mainly by their stigmatic and staminal characters, namely Euexsertae, Subinclusae, Montigenae and Clavigerae. The first two series are each subdivided according to the stipule feature into two subseries, designated as Cuspidatae, Orbiculares, Tinctoriae and Paniculatae.       From the distribution patterns of the genus in the flora of China, we may understand:       1.  The genus has the most species in China, where is its distribution centre, and Yurnan is the province richest in species of the genus.       2.  There are twenty-one species, five subspecies and three varieties endemic to China. Most of these endemics have their distributional area confined to a single province, and some of them are confined to an even narrower district, with only a few of them extending beyond province boundaries.       3.  The series Subinclusae Cowan has the most species not only in China but also in other regions of the world, whereas the series Montigenae Cowan has fewer species and they are all restricted to China.       The new species, new subspecies and the new varieties described in this paper are as follows: W. brevipaniculata W. C. Chen, W..villosa W. C. Chen, W. tinctoria  (Roxb.) DC. subsp. affinis How, W. laxa S. K. Wu, W. uvariifolia Hance subsp. pilosa W. C. Chen, W. guangdongensis W. C. Chen, W. parviflora W. C. Chen, W. scabra Kurz var. pilitera How, W. pubigera W. C. Chen, W. jingdongensis W. C. Chen, W. brevituba Chun et Howand W. oligantha W. C. Chen.  相似文献   

10.
 本文是北部湾东北部、雷州半岛、涠洲岛及海南岛北部十几口钻井中涠洲组 孢粉工作的总结。在涠洲组中共见113种孢粉类型，其中大部分为欧亚及北美 第三纪、尤其是渐新世孢粉区系成分，同时也出现加里曼丹岛渐新世-早中新世 区系的一些重要分子。这表明沉积时期本地区与加里曼丹岛有陆地相通或在地 理位置上较今日为近，植物能相互迁移。  印度第三纪孢粉区系与涠洲组区系相 似性拉少，仅出现少数相似类型(水蕨孢子、松科花粉)，说明虽然自印度次大陆 与欧亚大陆相遇后，这两地区的植物有了相互迁移的可能，但是直到渐新世，这 种迁移的规模还是很有限的，迁移到印度的植物所产生孢粉类型在印度发展的 高峰可能较欧亚大陆为晚。 从孢粉所反映的生态条件看，陆生及淡水植物多，而海产植物(如红树林)及 藻类很少。这说明当时北部湾可能为陆地，与雷州半岛等地连成一个内陆凹陷。 大量温带及山地针叶植物花粉及少量热带低地植物花粉的出现表明本地区附近 曾有大面积山地。    从孢粉组合上看，涠洲组形成的时代为渐新世。  相似文献   

11.
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12.
中国裸子植物分布区的研究(1)——松科植物的地理分布   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
 松科是裸子植物中最大的科，共有10属，约240种。我国有9属，约119种，其中2属     为我国特有属，67种为特有种。  本文概述了我国松科各属的水平分布和垂直分布规律；对各     属分布区进行了对比分析。除油杉属和松属外，其余各属的分布，既不深入到极为干旱的地     区，也不深入到热带山区。本文提出川西滇北地区是松科大部分属的发展中心，同时讨论了某     些属的分布区的退却变化。本文还认为，在目前该科化石资料不十分充足的条件下，要确定松    科及其各属的起源中心，可能性是不大的。  相似文献   

13.
The Rosaceae is one of the five largest families of Xizang flora,  consisting of 30 genera with 242 species,  the total number of species is slightly less than those of Compositae,  Graminae,  Leguminosae and Ericaceae in Xizang,  amounting to 62.5% of the total number of genera and 28% of the total number of species of the rosaceous flora in China.       The four subfamilies of Rosaceae including primitive,  intermediate and advanced groups have been found in Xizang.  These groups consist of 11 types of floristic ele- ments,  i.e. 4 genera belong to cosmopolitan,  9 genera belong to North Temperate,  3,  E. Asian-N.  American,  3 Sino-Himalayan,  3 Sino-Japanesa,  2 Old World Temperate,  1 Temperate Asian,  2 Mediterranean-W. and O. Asian,  1 C. Asian,  I Tropical Asian and 1 endemic to China. It is obvious that Rosaceae in Xizang comprises holarctic,  Ancient Me- diterranean and paleotropical elements,  among which the temperate components are the most dominant.  The characteristics of the floristic composition of Rosaceae in Xizang may be summarized as follows:       (1) Xizang abounds in both genera and species of the family which are diverse in forms,  including the primitive,  intermediate and advanced groups, (2) The geographi- cal elements are rather complex,  mostly belonging to the temperate,  among which the Sino- Himalayan components and the elements endemic to China are dominant, (3) The proportion of plants endemic to China and distributed in Xizang is much higher than those endemic to Xizang itself,  but there exist newly arisen species and infraspecific forms or varieties which show that the speciation is apparently still active in Xizang. The rosaceous flora of Xizang is a combination of old and new floristic elements,  based on the old floristic components,  affected by the upheaval of the Himalayas,  the differen- tiation and speciation have been taking place in the long history.       The geographical distribution of Rosaceae in Xizang may be divided into 5 regions, i.e. the northeastern,  southeastern,  southern,  northwestern and northern.  The rosaceous plants are most abundant in the southeastern area,  next in southern area,  fewer in the northeastern and very rare in the northwestern and northern regions.  The general ten- dency of the distribution of Rosaceae in Xizang is that the number of species gradually decreases from the southeast to the northwest and the habit gradually changes from trees,  shrubs and herbaceous plants in the southeast to cushion-like scrubs and dwarf perennial herbs in the northwest.  These facts clearly show that the uplift of the Hi- malayas has deeply affected the phytogeographical distribution of Xizang Rosaceae.       The rosaceous flora of Xizang has close relationships with those of the adjoring regions,  i.e. Yunnan and Sichuan.  Besides,  it is connected with floras of Nepal,  Sikkim, Bhutan nothern Buram and nothern India,  but silghtly influenced by the Ancient Medi- terranean flora.  相似文献   

14.
对铃兰族(广义)7个属分别作了花粉(17种)扫描电镜观察和叶表皮(12种)的光学显微镜和 扫描电镜观察。花粉可分为8个类型。在狭义的铃兰族的4个属内，花粉全为远极单槽，舟状。它们 的外壁除夏须草属外，都具细孔。夏须草属的花粉外壁则为细皱。  Hutchinson(1934)的蜘蛛抱蛋族 花粉形态变异很大，其中开口箭属和万年青属的花粉为远极单槽，舟形，外壁具穿孔或网纹，而蜘蛛抱 蛋属的花粉则为球状，无萌发孔。其间的显著差异支持Nakai为前两个属建立万年青族(Rohdeae)。 表1归纳了7个属的花粉形态；图1是我们对铃兰族(广义)花粉形态演化的见解。叶表皮观察表明，气 孔器为无规则型，上表皮角质层主要为条纹加厚，或均匀加厚，而铃兰属的角质层秕糠状加厚。7个属的叶表皮特征归纳于表2。  相似文献   

15.
BackgroundDiabetes is a metabolic disorder caused by defects in insulin production and activity. During disease progression, changes in lipid peroxidation cause structural modifications via production of free radicals. Fangchinoline is a well-known alkaloid present in Stephaniae tetrandrine S. Moore, which has demonstrated antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities.ResultsThe present study analyzed the anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of fangchinoline in male rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Rats were divided into the following groups: normal control, diabetic, diabetic + fangchinoline 100 mg/kg, diabetic + fangchinoline 200 mg/kg and diabetic + glibenclamide 600 µg/kg. The treatment was administered orally for 45 consecutive days. Lipid peroxidation was substantially increased by >50% in the serum, as well as the liver, kidney, and heart tissues of diabetic rats. However, fangchinoline supplementation significantly reduced lipid peroxidation to near normal levels. Reactive oxygen species levels were substantially increased by >500% in the serum, as well as the liver, kidney, and heart tissues of diabetic rats. Fangchinoline supplementation reduced reactive oxygen species to near normal levels. Fangchinoline supplementation significantly improved superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels in diabetic rats. Total hexoses, sialic acid, hexosamines, and fucose were increased in diabetic rats, whereas fangchinoline supplementation significantly reduced these total hexoses, sialic acid, hexosamines, and fucose to near normal levelsConclusionsSupplementation with fangchinoline led to significant attenuation of the levels of lipid peroxidation, ROS, and glycoprotein components such as total hexoses, hexosamines, sialic acid, and fucose, while improving antioxidant marker levels.How to cite: Xia J, Huang W, Zhou F. Effect of fangchinoline on oxidant status in male albino rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.07.005  相似文献   

16.
Effects of thyroidectomy (Tx) and subsequent treatment with 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine (T3), and combined treatment (TR) with T3 + thyroxine (T4) on substrate kinetics properties of cytochrome oxidase of rat liver mitochondria were examined. Tx resulted in lowering of cytochromes content with decrease in the enzyme activity, and Km and Vmax. T3 and TR regimens restored the cytochromes contents and the Vmax values to normal. In control, T3 and TR groups the enzyme activity resolved in two kinetic components; in Tx group three kinetic components were evident. The Km values for all components decreased significantly in the experimental groups with concomitant increase in catalytic efficiency, Kcat/Km. Significant alterations in the contents of total phospholipid and of cholesterol were noted while the changes in the phospholipids composition were only of restricted nature. Regression analysis revealed that total phospholipid, cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine play significant role in fine tuning the enzyme activity.  相似文献   

17.
This paper presents a vertically positioned microfluidic system made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and glass, which can be applied as a microbubble column (μBC) for biotechnological screening in suspension. In this μBC, microbubbles are produced in a cultivation chamber through an integrated nozzle structure. Thus, homogeneous suspension of biomass is achieved in the cultivation chamber without requiring additional mixing elements. Moreover, blockage due to produced carbon dioxide by the microorganisms—a problem predominant in common, horizontally positioned microbioreactors (MBRs)—is avoided, as the gas bubbles are released by buoyancy at the upper part of the microsystem. The patterned PDMS layer is based on an optimized two-lithographic process. Since the naturally hydrophobic PDMS causes problems for the sufficient production of microbubbles, a method based on polyelectrolyte multilayers is applied in order to allow continuous hydrophilization of the already bonded PDMS-glass-system. The μBC comprises various microelements, including stabilization of temperature, control of continuous bubble formation, and two optical configurations for measurement of optical density with two different sensitivities. In addition, the simple and robust application and handling of the μBC is achieved via a custom-made modular plug-in adapter. To validate the scalability from laboratory scale to microscale, and thus to demonstrate the successful application of the μBC as a screening instrument, a batch cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is performed in the μBC and compared to shake flask cultivation. Monitoring of the biomass growth in the μBC with the integrated online analytics resulted in a specific growth rate of 0.32 h−1, which is almost identical to the one achieved in the shake flask cultivation (0.31 h−1). Therefore, the validity of the μBC as an alternative screening tool compared to other conventional laboratory scale systems in bioprocess development is proven. In addition, vertically positioned microbioreactors show high potential in comparison to conventional screening tools, since they allow for high density of integrated online analytics and therefore minimize time and cost for screening and guarantee improved control and analysis of cultivation parameters.  相似文献   

18.
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19.
Hormonal imbalance, inflammation and alteration in synaptic plasticity are reported to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The objective of the study was to assess the serum levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its association with interleukin-23 (IL-23), testosterone and disease severity in schizophrenia. 40 cases and 40 controls were included in the study. Serum levels of BDNF, IL-23 and testosterone were estimated in all the subjects. Disease severity was assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The study was designed in Tertiary care hospital, South India. The results were compared between two groups using Mann–Whitney U test. Spearman Correlation analysis was used to assess the association between biochemical parameters and PANSS. Interleukin-23 and testosterone were significantly increased and BDNF was significantly reduced in schizophrenia cases when compared with controls. BDNF was negatively correlated with IL-23 (r = − 400, p = 0.011), positive symptom subscale (r = − 0.393, p = 0.012), general psychopathology score subscale (r = − 407, p = 0.009) and total symptom subscale (r = − 404, p = 0.010). There was no significant association of IL-23 and testosterone with disease severity in schizophrenia cases. BDNF was reduced in schizophrenia cases and negatively associated with interleukin-23 and disease severity scores.  相似文献   

20.
India seems to have the highest prevalence of osteoporosis. With growing awareness of osteoporosis and its impact on life span especially in India, special attention is being paid to early detection, management and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. Measurement of BMD and osteocalcin are of value in estimating bone turnover rates. The aim of this study is (1) to measure the specific, sensitive bone formation marker such as osteocalcin and BMD in postmenopausal osteoporosis women and postmenopausal non-osteoporosis women; (2) the follow up study to evaluate the impact of specific antiresorptive therapy (alendronate + calcium + vitamin D) regimen in postmenopausal osteoporosis by assaying osteocalcin and BMD. Sixty clinically diagnosed postmenopausal osteoporosis patients and 60 normal subjects (postmenopausal non-osteoporosis women) were recruited as control. Mean bone mineral density T score and Z score was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients as compared to controls. Highly significant increase in the mean score of BMD—T score and Z score from baseline to post therapy of 3 months was observed in postmenopausal osteoporosis women. Serum osteocalcin levels were significantly increased (P < 0.001) as compared to control group. Serum osteocalcin levels were decreased significantly (P < 0.001) from baseline to post therapy of 3 months in postmenopausal osteoporosis women. BMD is the best quantifiable predictor of osteoporotic fracture and osteocalcin is specific, sensitive, promising, currently used marker for better prognosis of osteoporosis and for monitoring responses to antiresorptive therapy.  相似文献   

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