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1.
德国文化相关法律是基于联邦的国家组织形式,原则是权力下放。在文化领域,联邦政府和地方各级政府在宪法框架内运作,宪法保障艺术自由。关于文化领域的专门立法,在文献与图书馆、著作权、文化遗产、电影视频和摄影、大众传媒、档案、音乐等领域,联邦层面和各级政府层面都有相关专门立法。德国法律还分别在公共资金分配、社会保障、税收、劳动保障、建筑和空间规划、数据保护和语言法等领域都有文化方面的相关法。 相似文献
2.
Albert N. Greco 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1996,12(3):5-15
Between 1990 and 1995, a substantive reconfiguration took place within the publishing, communications, and mass media industries in the United States. These changes were triggered primarily by five pivotal developments: (1) the direct impact of strategic planning theories and practices on a relatively small number of U.S. and foreign media executives; (2) a dramatic technological convergence within the entire communications industry; (3) a quest to gain hegemony over the creation, production, and distribution of electronic and print information and entertainment products and services in the United States and the global marketplace; (4) a sharp increase in media usage and expenditures in the United States; and (5) the impending passage of a massive, revolutionary telecommunications bill. This legislation (the Telecommunications Act of 1996) changed drastically the ground rules created by the Communications Act of 1934, lifted restrictions on the ownership of media properties, allowed media companies to enter formerly forbidden markets, and reduced or eliminated governmental controls over the burgeoning communications business. The deeply etched lines separating “newspapers” from “books” and “magazines”, or “television” from “telephone”, “radio”, “film”, and “video” became hazy, and, in some instances, disappeared. Media scholars and industry experts realized that the communications landscape had to be viewed as a totally interconnected industry, albeit a rather diverse one. 相似文献
3.
《Legal Reference Services Quarterly》2013,32(1-2):107-117
The sources for tax legislative history materials can differ from those used for other types of legislation. This guide lists commercial and governmental sources of select and complete tax legislative histories. Awareness of these sources may aid a researcher to quickly find legislative intent. A brief background of the process by which a tax bill becomes a law is given to enable one to understand the forces that shape tax legislation. 相似文献
4.
著作权法保护图书馆的理论研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
著作权法的立法目的构成了著作权法保护图书馆的理论基础。著作权法对平等、公平、公益等价值目标的追求构成了保护图书馆的思想基础。宪法是著作权法保护图书馆的法律基础。参考文献 11。 相似文献
5.
In South Africa, freedom of information (FOI) is entrenched in section 32 of the Constitution, which guarantees every citizen the right of access to any information held by the state or by any other person that is to be used for the protection or exercise of any right. The Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA) is the law that gives effect to section 32 of the Constitution. Regardless of a remarkable trend towards the adoption of FOI laws, international trends have shown this does not automatically translate into fulfilment of people's right to information. This study utilised mixed method research through the explanatory sequential design to assess compliance with FOI legislation by public bodies in South Africa, with a view to develop a model for implementation of FOI. The study first conducted a quantitative study by analysing the reports of the South African Human Rights Commission from the reporting years 2006/07 to 2016/07 to assess compliance with sections 14, 15, 16, 17 and 32 of the PAIA. Thereafter, a qualitative study through interviews with purposively chosen participants was conducted to substantiate the findings of a quantitative study. Key results suggest that over the years, there were problems in the implementation of the FOI legislation in South Africa and its use was limited. Where implementation has taken place, it has been partial and inconsistent. The responsibility for the implementation of FOI legislation in most public bodies is assigned to legal departments that do not have knowledge of what records are created, and where and how they are kept. With regard to compliance, in terms of the degree of comparison, the situation was better in national departments, worse in provincial departments and worst in municipalities. The study recommends the establishment of an information governance unit to implement FOI in public bodies. Failure to assign responsibility to a relevant unit would perpetuate the non-compliance with FOI legislation by public bodies in South Africa. A model for the implementation of PAIA within a public body is suggested. 相似文献
6.
《Journal of Government Information》1997,24(1):39-45
Congressional journals are the only government publications mandated by the Constitution of the United States. Unfortunately, they are often overlooked in favor of the sometimes more complete Congressional Record and its predecessors. From the beginning of the Serial Set in 1817 until 1952 the Journals were printed as a part of that collection. The attached list may be used as a finding tool for those needing to use the Journals included in the Serial Set. 相似文献
7.
《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(6)
The Radio Frequency Spectrum: United States Use and Management, (Office of Telecommunications Management, Executive Office of the President, Washington, D.C. 20504, no charge) Reports on Selected Topics in Telecommunications (National Academy of Sciences, Printing and Publishing Office, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, D.C. 20418, $4.75) 相似文献
8.
比利时是君主立宪制下的联邦制国家,按照语言分为荷语区、法语区、德语区和布鲁塞尔双语区四个语言区,法兰西、荷兰和德意志三个文化共同体。比利时的文化政策发展主要是在二战后,文化政策的框架形成于1960年代。比利时文化政策的目标基于政治和文化民主的原则上,三个文化体有各自坚持的原则。比利时的公共文化政策内容丰富,涉及跨文化交流、文化参与、文化多样性和包容性、文化创新、文化支持、数字文化、生态文化、艺术教育和跨文化教育、业余文化等方面。《宪法》和《文化协定法案》是比利时公共文化遵循的一般立法,除此之外还有公共文化立法和部门具体立法。按各级政府和部门对公共文化支出进行了分解,并对公共文化消费情况和雇佣情况进行了研究。 相似文献
9.
信息获取权是一项重要的信息权利,将信息获取权法律化是保障社会公众充分获取社会信息资源的重要条件,信息获取权的立法逐渐引起国内外的重视,国外法律和国际性的立法文件中有不少关于信息获取权的规定,我国宪法以及政府信息公开条例等法律法规也对信息获取权予以确认。 相似文献
10.
In response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the USA PATRIOT Act greatly expanded the ability of the Federal Bureau of Investigation to use National Security Letters (NSLs) in investigations and the contexts in which they could be used by relaxing the standards under which NSLs could be employed. NSLs allow investigators to acquire a significant amount of information about the subject of an investigation, and the range and frequency of uses of NSLs has risen dramatically since the passage of the USA PATRIOT Act. An outstanding question with NSLs is whether they are being used in a manner that violates the First and Fourth Amendments of the Constitution. This article explores the relationships between NSLs, the USA PATRIOT Act, and the Constitution. The paper reviews the legislative history of NSLs, synthesizes the First and Fourth Amendment issues and key judicial decisions related to NSLs, and analyzes the extent to which the USA PATRIOT Act Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 adequately addresses challenges to the constitutionality of NSLs. The paper concludes with an examination of NSLs within the greater information policy context in the United States, as the expanded usage of NSLs—even if entirely constitutional—raises the possibility of chilling the freedom of expression. 相似文献
11.
在信息时代,数字资源长期保存在法律上的支持直接影响着数字资源可持续发展的政策导向,本文将美国、英国、澳大利亚和荷兰四国作为典范对四国的数字资源长期保存的法律法规进行比较和分析。 相似文献
12.
《Legal Reference Services Quarterly》2013,32(2-3):123-151
SUMMARY The legal publishing industry in the United States went through a period of rapid consolidation during the last decade of the 20th century. Almost all United States publishers are now owned by foreign conglomerates that have a vast presence in the information business. The consequences of this change and consolidation of ownership has had far-reaching effects; some are already known, but some are certainly unknown at this time. In looking at the phenomenon, this article tries to give some historical perspective on legal publishing, examines the conglomerates as businesses (a “top down” approach), considers important legislation concerning databases, and wonders at the effects all this concentrated change may have on law libraries and the patrons they serve. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Government Information》1994,21(1):3-13
This article discusses political interests and maneuvering that went on among professional trade associations, government agencies, and public interest groups and the ultimate effects that it had on the outcome of the Government Printing Office Electronic Information Act of 1993, also known as the WINDOW bill. Insight is provided into the increasingly contentious politics of information in the United States. With the trend toward the explosive growth in availability of and access to government information in electronic formats, it is recognized that access to and control of government information has tremendous economic and political rewards for libraries, businesses, and politicians alike. 相似文献
14.
《Government Information Quarterly》2002,19(4):357-368
This paper examines how Constitutional principles, specifically the doctrines of Federalism and the separation of powers, relate to E-government policies and practices. Federalism and the separation of powers are essential elements of the Constitution and instrumental parts of the foundation of the government of the United States. This paper suggests that the move toward E-government, emphasizing the simplification of access to and the horizontal and vertical integration of government information and services, must be considered with regard to the doctrines of Federalism and the separation of powers. Finally, this paper offers recommendations of ways in which E-government can be implemented to minimize potential Constitutional problems by suggesting concepts that should be a part of all Federal E-government laws, guidelines, and policies. 相似文献
15.
选取美国、英国、澳大利亚和日本等地区作为调研对象,对各个国家公共图书馆标准规范建立情况进行全面调研,总结分析其图书馆立法和标准体系中的先进理念,考察其在基层图书馆标准方面的已有成果,比较研究不同地区图书馆标准规范的特点,从而为我国基层图书馆标准建设提供经验借鉴. 相似文献
16.
Rosemary Ntumnyuy Mokia 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1995,11(2):36-51
One phase of the United States government's attempts to counteract the Soviet psychological offensive in the 1960s was the
forging of a partnership with U.S. publishers. Within that framework, the United States government rectified its tainted record
on the international flow of information by legislating the Florence and Beirut Agreements; revised its attitude towards international
copyright legislation, sorted out issues confronting the American book industry abroad, and consolidated U.S. government agencies'
book activities. The aggregate activities unfolding within that banner culminated in the United States' adoption of the National
Policy on International Book and Library Activities in 1967—a policy which was never fully implemented. Those 1960s initiatives
constitute a framework for formulating a post-Cold War cultural relations policy.
Rosemary Ntumnyuy Mokia earned a Ph.D in Library and Information Science from Indiana University. She has worked as a librarian
at the University of Yaounde Library (Cameroon, West Africa) and is currently an acquisitions librarian at Grambling State
University. 相似文献
17.
Charles D. Bernholz Linda G. NovotnyAuthor VitaeAna L. GomezAuthor Vitae 《Government Information Quarterly》2009
The tribal insignia of American Indians offer a distinctive view into the history of these people. Recently, as the result of federal legislation, some of these materials have been brought together, for tribes that are either federally or State recognized entities, as part of the database collection maintained by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). This article focuses on the history and use of such images; the policy response by the USPTO to the charge by the Trademark Law Treaty Implementation Act (1998) to examine the USPTO's specific responsibility to protect such official insignia; and the Office's resulting digital product. 相似文献
18.
[目的/意义] 大数据环境下,以年度数据账单方式进行的数据推广工作受到越来越多高校图书馆的认可与使用,但不同机构的年度数据账单内容、模式及推广效果存在较大差异,因此对国内高校图书馆年度数据账单推广内容及现状进行调查与研究。[方法/过程] 通过网络调研,以2017年数据账单结构完整性、内容丰富性为标准筛选出21所高校图书馆进行调查,同时对各馆2016年度数据账单进行回溯性追踪;对当前高校图书馆年度数据账单内容、推广模式与服务模式的现状与发展进行探讨,并提出发展建议。[结果/结论] 当前高校图书馆年度数据账单推广并没有统一且长效的模式,并存在时间持续性差、内容价值不完善、文化传承与延展功能及效果缺失等问题。建议从数据推广内容的价值度与活动的持续性、营销品牌构建、基于用户画像的图书馆服务优化策略等方面进行改进与提升。 相似文献
19.
在1928年5月召开的全国教育会议上,与会代表提出了创设中央图书馆的议案,内容包括中央图书馆的创设理由、主要职能、机构设置、经费预算等。这些提案合并后,形成了筹备中央图书馆案,并经大会议决公布。该提案集中反映了这一时期社会各界对中央图书馆的思考,是关于中央图书馆的一次绝无仅有的大讨论。1928年全国教育会议奠定了中央图书馆创设的理论基础。 相似文献
20.
英国在公共部门信息再利用方面取得的成绩有目共睹,可与美国的公共部门信息再利用相提并论。英国的公共部门信息再利用在发展过程中形成了自己的特点,构建了独有的英国公共部门信息再利用模式。该模式特点是：有力的监管环境、设立专门的监管机构、鼓励公众积极参与、利用先进的信息技术。该模式存在的问题是：规则中的某些术语不明确、监管机构没有真正的制裁权、地方政府缺乏对公共部门信息政策的支持。 相似文献