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Conversion efficiency of soft X-ray from 0.35 μm pulse laser-irradiated aluminium planar target at laser intensities 1013–1015 W/cm2 on the Xingguang-II facility (laser energy 5–90 J, focal spot ⊃ Ф 200 μm full width of half maximun (FWHM) 400–800 ps) was measured. A simple model was given to explain soft X-ray conversion
efficiency. In this model, because of the heat conduction from the laser-heated spot, the conversion was very small at lower
irradiance limit, while at higher limit it was bounded by the energy lost in blow off plasma. Consequently, at the laser intensity
around 2×1014 W/cm2, the X-ray conversion efficiency reaches a maximum.
Project suppoted by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Foundation (Grant No. T0104), and Science Foundation of Shanghai
Municipal Commission of Education (Grant No. 214680) 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION Telomeres are distinctive DNA-protein struc-tures that cap the ends of linear chromosomes.It is very important to keep the chromosomes stabilization.Telomerase activity is closely linked to attainment of cellular immortality,a step in carcinogenesis,while lack of such activity contributes to cellular senes-cence.Telomerase is activated in more than85%ofmalignant tumors(Hiayma et al.,1997).Human te-lomeric repeat binding factor1(TRF1)is a telomere associated with proteins a… 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION Veselago (1968) showed that if both the permit- tivity ε and the magnetic permeability μ of a material are negative, the propagation direction of an elec- tromagnetic (EM) wave will be opposite to its energy flow direction. Such media are called left-handed materials (LHMs) since the electric field E, magnetic field H, and wave vector k in these media form a left-hand triplet of vectors, instead of a right-hand triplet observed in conventional materials. For a long time, … 相似文献
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微波辐射合成对羟基苯甲酸苄酯 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以对羟基苯甲酸和氯化苄为原料,二甲基亚砜（DMSO）为溶剂,微波辐射合成对羟基苯甲酸苄酯.优化条件下：n（对羟基苯甲酸）/n（氯化苄）为1：1.70,微波辐射功率400W,反应时间4min,对羟基苯甲酸苄酯酯化收率达97.5%. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION The physics of plastic deformation and crack propagation at atomic level is complex but is essential for the development of new materials. This requires an understanding of the atomic level phenomena associated with the plastic deformation. In this con- text, emission of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) during plastic deformation and crack propagation in metals and alloys, and generation of transient mag- netic fields during crack initiation in ferromagnetic materials are rep… 相似文献
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HU Xin ZHANG Pu HE Sailing 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2006,7(10):1777-1780
A dual structure of composite right/left handed （CRLH） transmission line （TL） is analyzed in which an inductance LR is in parallel with a capacitance CL and a shunt capacitance CR is in series with an inductance LL. Both the distributed and lumped cases are considered. The dispersion diagram and transmission properties of the dual CRLH TL are given and compared with those of a standard CRLH TL. Contrary to the frequency response of a standard CRLH TL, a dual CRLH TL has a left-handed （negative phase shift） band at higher frequencies and a right-handed （positive phase shift） band at lower frequencies. A novel dual-band balun is presented as an application. 相似文献
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A high speed column-parallel CDS/ADC circuit with nonlinearity compensation is proposed in this paper.The correlated double sampling (CDS) and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) functions are integrated in a threephase column-parallel circuit based on two floating gate inverters and switched-capacitor network.The conversion rate of traditional single-slope ADC is speeded up by dividing quantization to coarse step and fine step.A storage capacitor is used to store the result of coarse step and locate the section of ramp signal of fine step,which can reduce the clock step from 2 n to 2 (n/2+1).The floating gate inverters are implemented to reduce the power consumption.Its induced nonlinear offset is cancelled by introducing a compensation module to the input of inverter,which can equalize the coupling path in three phases of the proposed circuit.This circuit is designed and simulated for CMOS image sensor with 640×480 pixel array using Chartered 0.18μm process.Simulation results indicate that the resolution can reach 10-bit and the maximum frame rate can reach 200 frames/s with a main clock of 10MHz.The power consumption of this circuit is less than 36.5μW with a 3.3V power supply.The proposed CDS/ADC circuit is suitable for high resolution and high speed image sensors. 相似文献
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LU Bao - qi 《上海大学学报(英文版)》2005,9(4):365-368
Infrared （IR） absorption spectra and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） patterrns of sexpenfine cat＇s eye from Sichuan Province have been investigated, and infrared absorption bands of the serpentine have been assigned in this paper. The results indicate that the bands near 3 600 - 3 700 cm^-1 belong to the stretching absorption band VOH, the bands in 948 - 1 100 cm^-1 axe assigned to the stretching vibraling band Usvo, and the bands at 600 570 and 440 cm^-1 respectively belong to the bending vibration band VOH, δMg-O and δSi-O. The serpentine cat＇ s eye includes two types： chrysotile and antigorite. Chrysotile has a sharp and intensive band at 3 688 cm^-1 and a weak band at 3 643 cm^-1 , while antigorite has only one intensive band in the region. At vibration band VSi-O, chrysotile and antigorite have a similar feature at 1 071 cm^-1, but the band at 980 cm^-1 in anfigorite has been split into two bands in chrysotile - a strong one at 1 027 cm^-1 and a weak one at 949 cm^-1. In addition, antigorite has a characteristic bending vibrating band δMg-O at 570 cm^-1. Based on the analysis of the feature of crystal structure, their IR differences axe well explained. 相似文献
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Guang-cai Yin Guo-yi Zhou Jim Morris Zhi-hong Huang Guo-wei Chu Guang-yi Zhou 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2004,5(10):1218-1225
Sap flow and environmental conditions were monitored at two Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake) plantations at Hetou and Jijia, located in Leizhou, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province. It was found that daily sap
flux density (SFD) of Eucalyptus was closely related to daily atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (R
2=0.76, P=0.01 at Hetou and R
2=0.7021, P=0.01 at Jijia) at both sites. No significant relationship existed between daily SFD and mean daily air temperature at both
sites. Daily SFD varied with wind speed Y=−17585X
3+15147X
2−1250.7X+2278.4 (R
2=0.68; P=0.01) at Hetou and Y=−101.67X
3−1.65X
2−376.4X+1914.8 (R
2=0.40, P=0.05) at Jijia, where Y was daily SFD, X was daily wind speed. Experimental observations yielded the following data: (1) the critical lower and upper daily VPD threshold
were 0 and 2 kPa, within which daily SFD varied from 540±70 L/(m2·d) to 4739±115 L/(m2·d) at Hetou site, from 397±26 L/(m2·d) to 3414±191 L/(m2·d) at Jijia site; (2) Diurnal SFDs at Hetou site were much higher under low relative humidity (<30%) and slightly lower under
high relative humidity (>80%) compared with those at the Jijia site; (3) The upper and lower threshold of daily and diurnal
RAD for the optimal water use of E. urophylla plantations were 18±2.7 and 2±1 MJ/(m2·d), 669 and 0 J/(cm2·h) during the observation period.
Project supported by Knowledge Innovation Funds from Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. KSCX2-SW-120, KZCX1-SW-01-01A3) and
the Key Project of Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (No. 010567), China 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION With the development of modern electronics,there is a growing trend of designing a low-voltagehigh precision current reference in many mixed-signaland analog circuits such as data converters (Mehr andSinger, 2000; Oh et al., 2004), oscillators and PLLs(Razavi, 2001; Banba and Shiga, 1999). Low-costreasons need the reference to be realized in simplestandard CMOS logic process technology, withoutresorting to the use of BiCMOS process and specialdevices such as floating-g… 相似文献
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The authors have fabricated bottom gate amorphous silicon thin film transistor (a-Si TFT) array using five-step lithography process.The device shows a field effect mobility of 0.43 cm 2 /(V·s),on/off ratio of 7.5×10 6 and threshold voltage of 0.87 V.The instability of a-Si TFT is ascribed to the defect state in the a-Si channel and SiNx/a-Si interface.The present a-Si TFT array with SiN x insulator could be a significant step towards the commercialization of active matrix organic lighting diode (AM-OLED) te... 相似文献
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Effect of lead exposure on the immune function of lymphocytes and erythrocytes in preschool children
Objective: To investigate the influence of lead exposure on the immune function of lymphocytes and erythrocytes in preschool children. Materials and methods: A group of 217 children three to six years of age from a rural area were given a thorough physical examination and the concentration of lead in blood samples taken from each subject was determined. The indices of lymphocyte immunity (CD 3CD 4, CD 3CD 8, CD 4CD 8, CD-3CD 19) and erythrocyte immunity (RBC-C3b, RBC-IC, RFER, RFIR, CD35 and its average fluorescence intensity) of 40 children with blood lead levels above 0.483 μmol/L were measured and compared with a control group. Results: The blood lead levels of the 217 children ranged from 0.11 μmol/L to 2.11 μmol/L. The CD 3CD 4and CD 4CD 8 cells were lower (P＜0.01) and the CD 3CD 8 cells were higher in the lead-poisoned subjects than those in the control group (P＜0.05). CD 3 and CD-3CD 19 did not show significant differences. Although the RBC-C3b rosette forming rate was lower and the RBC-IC rosette forming rate was higher in the lead-poisoned group, this difference could not be shown to be statistically significant (P＞0.05). RFIR was found to be lower in the lead-poisoned group (P＜0.01). Compared with the control group, the positive rate of CD35 was not found to be significantly different in a group of 25 lead-poisoned children (P＞0.05), while the average fluorescence intensity was lower in the lead-poisoned group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Lead exposure can result in impaired immune function of T lymphocytes and erythrocytes in preschool children. 相似文献
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手机与人体相互作用涉及两个方面问题：一是手机辐射对人体的作用;二是人体对手机的辐射特性所造成的影响。基于电磁辐射可引起生物组织温度升高且大脑又是对温升最为敏感的组织之一的考虑,用时域有限差分法（FDTD）数值计算了单一方向频率900MHz和1800MHz。功率1w手机辐射时头颅第90层横剖面内温升及Z轴方向温升最大值分布规律。结果表明：越靠近手机温升效果越明显,最高温升位于头颅耳朵附近,900MHz时头颅最大温升略高于1800MHz且沿Z轴温升最大值分布规律几乎一致。 相似文献
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Sheng-yong Wu Hui-hui Jia Didier Hans Jing Lan Li-ying Wang Jing-xue Li Yue-zeng Cai 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2009,10(7):499-504
Objective: To demonstrate the validity and reliability of volumetric quantitative computed tomography (vQCT) with multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for hip bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, and to compare the differences between the two techniques in discriminating postmenopausal women with osteoporosis-related vertebral fractures from those without. Methods: Ninety subjects were enrolled and divided into three groups based on the BMD values of the lumbar spine and/or the femoral neck by DXA. Groups 1 and 2 consisted of postmenopausal women with BMD changes ＜-2SD, with and without radiographically confirmed vertebral fracture (n=11 and 33, respectively).Group 3 comprised normal controls with BMD changes ≥-1SD (n=46). Post-MSCT (GE, LightSpeed16) scan reconstructed images of the abdominal-pelvic region, 1.25 mm thick per slice, were processed by OsteoCAD software to calculate the following parameters: volumetric BMD values of trabecular bone (TRAB), cortical bone (CORT), and integral bone (INTGL) of the left femoral neck, femoral neck axis length (NAL), and minimum cross-section area (mCSA). DXA BMD measurements of the lumbar spine (AP-SPINE) and the left femoral neck (NECK) also were performed for each subject. Results: The values of all seven parameters were significantly lower in subjects of Groups 1 and 2 than in normal postmenopausal women (P＜0.05, respectively).Comparing Groups 1 and 2, 3D-TRAB and 3D-INTGL were significantly lower in postmenopausal women with vertebral fracture(s) [(109.8±9.61) and (243.3±33.0) mg/cm3, respectively] than in those without [(148.9±7.47) and (285.4±17.8) mg/cm3,respectively] (P＜0.05, respectively), but no significant differences were evident in AP-SPINE or NECK BMD. Conclusion: the femoral neck-derived volumetric BMD parameters using vQCT appeared better than the DXA-derived ones in discriminating osteoporotic postmenopausal women with vertebral fractures from those without, vQCT might be useful to evaluate the effect of osteoporotic vertebral fracture status on changes in bone mass in the femoral neck. 相似文献
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β-glucanase was purified from a solid-state culture ofTrichoderma reesei on wheat bran in three steps which comprised ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 chromatography, and DEAE-Sephadex
A-50 chromatography. The molecular mass was determined to be 35.21 kilodaltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate-12.5% polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis. The β-glucanase at low pHs was more stable than that at high pHs, and optimum pH was 5.0. The optimum
temperature was 60°C, and β-glucanase was relatively stable at below 40°C for 60 min. TheK
m of the enzyme on β-glucan was 10.86 mg/ml, and theV
max on β-glucan was 14286 μmol of glucose equivalents per mg of the pure enzyme per min. The β-glucanase activity was significantly
inhibited by Fe3+ ions, and was reduced in the presence of Cu2+ ions, Mn2+ ions and Mg2+ ions at 5 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L, respectively. The β-glucanase activity was stimulated by Co2+ ions, Ca2+ ions, Zn2+ ions, and Fe2+ ions at 1 mmol/L and 5 mmol/L, respectively.
Project supported by Foundation for University Key Teacher of the State Ministry of Education, the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (No. 30000118) and Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 399409). 相似文献
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研究了以异硫氰酸苯酯、叠氮化钠、对二氯苄为主要原料,在微波辐射条件下合成1,4-二(1-苯基-1,2,3,4-四氮唑-5-硫代甲基)苯,并对影响反应因素进行了研究。结果表明:n(对二氯苄):n(1-苯基-5-巯基四氮唑)物质的量比为1:3,微波辐射时间为8 min,微波辐射功率为500 W,水用量50 mL时,反应条件最优化,产率可达90.5%。 相似文献
19.
Measurement of the thermal transport properties of dielectric thin films using the micro-Raman method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The micro-Raman method is a non-contact and non-destructive method for thermal conductivity measurement. To reduce the measurement error induced by the poor fit of the basic equation of the original micro-Raman method, we developed a new basic equation for the heat source ofa Gaussian laser beam. Based on the new basic equation, an analytical heat transfer model has been built to extend the original micro-Raman method to thin films with submicrometer- or nanometer-scale thickness. Experiments were performed to measure the thermal conductivity of dielectric thin films with submicrometer- or nanometer-scale thickness. The thermal resistance of the interface between dielectric thin films and their silicon substrate was also obtained. The obtained thermal conductivity of silicon dioxide film is 1.23 W/（m.K）, and the interface thermal resistance between silicon dioxide film and substrate is 2.35×10^-8 m^2.K/W. The thermal conductivity and interface thermal resistance of silicon nitride film are 1.07 W/（m.K） and 3.69×10^-8 m^2.K/W, respectively. The experimental results are consistent with reported data. 相似文献
20.
Lu XF He GQ Yu HN Ma Q Shen SR Das UN 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(12):923-930
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) possess anti-cancer action both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we detected
cell viability with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and cell membrane permeability with propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence
dyeing, and calculated cell membrane fluidity change as fluorescence anisotropy. Fatty acid content in cells was measured
by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), and the relationship between fatty acid composition and cell viability was
studied. We observed that n-6 PUFA linoleic acid (LA) inhibited tumor cell growth at high concentrations (≥300 μmol/L), while low concentrations (100–200
μmol/L) seemed to promote cell proliferation. Analyses of cell membrane permeability, cell membrane fluidity, and cell fatty
acid composition suggested that the anti-cancer action of LA could be related to changes in the ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs. We observed that pre-incubation of cancer cells with 100 μmol/L LA for 24 h enhanced cell sensitivity to the cytotoxic
action of LA, whereas undifferentiated cell line LoVo seemed to have a distinct path in LA-induced death. These results showed
that one of the mechanisms by which supplementation of LA induces cancer cell death could be altering the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs, and this may be related to cell differentiation status. 相似文献