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1.
《Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian》2013,32(1):5-22
Massive projects from the University of Bath in the late 1960's brought knowledge of how scholars use social science information up to the level of similar knowledge for the natural sciences. Persistent themes of selected studies since Bath include: Social, like natural, scientists tend to use private sources and informal networks rather than libraries; value of citation studies as guides to library collection building is disputed: machine access to social science data bases is increasing and is accepted but trained operators are required; social science research findings are reaching and influencing policy makers to a greater extent than previously thought. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2013,9(1):29-58
ABSTRACT For many decades, the Department of Energy (DOE) has been an international leader in basic scientific and engineering research that utilizes geospatial science to advance the state of knowledge in disciplines impacting national security, energy sustainability, environmental stewardship, and associated basic research. However, the realized benefits from cross-cutting geospatial science contributions have fallen short of what they could have been with greater collaboration across the DOE complex, stronger emphasis on core geographic information science (GIScience) research and development to support advanced applications, increased strategic institutional support (e.g., for management of legacy data), and additional education and outreach concerning how geospatial science can benefit DOE programs and operations. We propose a vision for DOE's geospatial science based on expanded collaboration to address major national problems, additional advanced GIScience research and development, and a long-term strategy to better manage DOE's geospatial science resources (personnel, facilities, shared data, etc.). 相似文献
3.
Judy Diamond Benjamin Jee Camillia Matuk Julia McQuillan Amy N. Spiegel David Uttal 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2015,58(3):299-311
Although microbes directly impact everyone's health, most people have limited knowledge about them. In this article, we describe a museum and media public education campaign aimed at helping diverse audiences better understand emerging knowledge about microbes and infectious disease. Funded primarily by the Science Education Partnership (SEPA) program of the National Institutes of Health, this campaign involved crosscutting programs designed to extend impacts throughout a broad public audience. Collaborations with partners from public media, libraries, science education, the social sciences, and biomedical research centers extended our outreach to local and national audiences of adults and youth. Our campaign developed programs for radio broadcast, schools, libraries, museums, and publishers to ultimately reach over eight million people. In addition, we conducted a series of research studies focused on understanding the mental models that people create of the complex concepts of microbes and infectious disease and on how to engage hard‐to‐reach adolescents with this science content. These studies furthered our understanding of how people reason about unseen phenomena, the kinds of materials that might intrigue youth who claim little interest in science, and how to begin to combat misinformation pervasive in this field. Our comparisons of expert, teacher, and teen reasoning about microbes revealed their distinct mental models on the topics of infection, vaccination, and immune response. Our investigation of comics confirmed their power to motivate teenagers to want to read more about science. Across all levels of science identity, we found that youth were more engaged with the comics than with comparable essays. Together, these findings provide insights into how to educate a diverse public about emerging biomedical research. 相似文献
4.
Abstract This paper presents a narrative analysis of an elementary school student's view of his visit to an astronomy science center in South Africa. We illustrate the power of narrative in illuminating the importance of the student's perspective in understanding the conditions for learning in a museum setting. Using principles of narrative presentation, the paper describes Tlotlo's thinking throughout his participation in a school visit to the visitors' center at a radio telescope. The paper discusses six features of the visit: student misconceptions; inadequate preparation and followup; memories and imaginings; enjoyment; discussing the visit afterwards; and socioeconomic constraints on visits. These features are examined within the context of a developing country: both confirming previous research on school visits and providing new insights into how such visits can be interpreted. The significance of narrative analysis for science center educators is discussed and suggested as appropriate for current research in museums. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(1):101227
The international mobility of scientists fosters knowledge exchange by increasing cross-country research collaboration between destination and origin countries. To the best of our knowledge, the mobility of international students, most of whom are not scientists, has not been linked to knowledge production involving both destination and origin countries in previous studies. The question of this research is whether international student mobility (ISM) contributes to science in China. To address this research question, we determined the annual number of international students studying in Chinese universities from 1999 to 2018, from the Concise Statistics of International Students in China compiled by the International Exchange Department of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, and corresponding publication records including the source country names in the titles, from the Web of Science database of Clarivate Analytics. We then used the fixed-effects negative binomial model and instrumental variable approach to explore the linkage from ISM to knowledge production and found that ISM led to the destination countries’ scientific research on foreign countries. The findings shed light on the discussion of the global mobility of talent, and contribute to the understanding of ISM's influence on science, the measurement of which is promising in future studies. 相似文献
6.
作为开展科普教育、提升公民科学素质的重要场所,科技馆在激发观众好奇心方面具有独特优势。科技馆展品作为科普主要传播载体,其不同展示类型和特征差异,对激发观众注意力和好奇心的程度也有所不同。本文通过文献研究等方式,分析梳理科技馆展品类型及特征,以流动科普展品为研究对象,重点从学科领域、展示形式、感官体验、人际关系、交互方式等维度进行探讨,依据好奇心相关理论,找寻规律特点,进而提出影响展品激发好奇心的潜在因素,为更好地指导科技馆展品的设计与开发提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
Abstract This paper discusses issues raised by research into people's views of science and scientists, and the implications for interpretative forms in museums. The principles proposed here are based on a series of meetings that looked at the use of narratives in science and the responses of potential visitors from different cultural groups to ideas for narrative signage. Signage design can help people connect to science content by relating practical and theoretical knowledge, crafting explanations, understanding the nature of the medium, and conveying a message about science. The use of narrative form to design experiential guides opens up the possibility of changing a visitor's relationship to the traditional text encountered in museums. 相似文献
8.
Jocelyn Steinke 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(1):142-151
Bern's gender schema theory (Bern 1981, 1983, 1993) provides a useful framework for examining the influence of women scientist role models on girls’ perceptions of science and scientists. The purpose of this paper is (1) to describe how Bern's gender schema theory serves as a framework for guiding future research, (2) to examine the fundamental premises of Bern's gender schema theory as they relate to the processing of information about science and gender roles, and (3) to identify key conditions and criteria from gender schema theory to guide the design of television programs that use role models to reduce gender‐stereotyping of science. 相似文献
9.
Allan Jones 《Media History》2013,19(4):436-449
In 1949, physicist Mark Oliphant criticised the BBC's handling of science in a letter to the Director General William Haley. It initiated a chain of events which led to the experimental appointment of a science adviser, Henry Dale, to improve the ‘coordination’ of science broadcasts. The experiment failed, but the episode revealed conflicting views of the BBC's responsibility towards science held by scientists and BBC staff. For the scientists, science had a special status, both as knowledge and as an activity, which in their view obligated the BBC to make special arrangements for it. BBC staff, however, had their own professional procedures which they were unwilling to abandon. The events unfolded within a few years of the end of the Second World War, when social attitudes to science had been coloured by the recent conflict, and when the BBC itself was under scrutiny from the William Beveridge's Committee. The BBC was also embarking on new initiatives, notably the revival of adult education. These contextual factors bear on the story, which is about the relationship between a public service broadcaster and the external constituencies it relies on, but must appear to remain independent from. The article therefore extends earlier studies showing how external bodies have attempted to manipulate the inner workings of the BBC to their own advantage (e.g. those by Doctor and Karpf) by looking at the little-researched area of science broadcasting. The article is largely based on unpublished archive documents. 相似文献
10.
图书馆学研究的发展应该有新方向，应该以事物为核心，选择的事物应具备较高的信息关注度和较大的信息需求。案例研究中选择的“职业法”规范事物作为研究对象，研究对象中的职业具有很高的知识含量，适宜做图书馆学研究。 相似文献
11.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(3):101431
In science-technology research, papers and patents are used to represent science and technology, respectively. Detecting sleeping beauty papers and their princes in technology (patent field) could uncover dynamic knowledge contributions from science (paper field) to technology (patent field). However, previous studies have mainly focused on sleeping beauty in science. Some studies have examined SB patents in technology, but SB papers in patents are rarely studied and need to be further discussed. In addition, knowledge could flow along citations. Thus, if one paper is cited by one patent's reference (indirect citation), it also contributes to the patent, even though the patent does not directly cite it. At the same time, indirect citations are rarely discussed in sleeping beauty studies. This could lead to a loss of significant information. Therefore, to reveal the dynamic knowledge contribution from science to technology considering indirect citations, this study proposed a new method of mining sleeping beauty papers in technology and their princes. The lithium-ion battery domain is selected as a case study. The findings are as follows: (1) Most papers do not contribute knowledge to technology continuously, even when considering indirect citations, and the time-varying knowledge contribution strength changes significantly overtime. (2) The knowledge contribution strength with a time delay of more than 11 years occupies 80% of the total knowledge contribution strength. It is suggested that the window period of paper publication evaluation be extended. (3) 22 sleeping beauty papers in technology are detected. Nine papers are among the top 10 regarding the total knowledge contribution strength. (4) The princes of 9 typical sleeping beauty papers in technology are all papers. This implies that the awakening of these papers in technology was all provoked by scientific development. 相似文献
12.
Katy Lithgow 《文物保护研究》2015,60(6):57-63
What are the key messages conservation science should communicate to the public? Although the profile of conservation science itself can be raised by talking about the process, most feel that the messages should concern what conservation science brings to the focus of its work – cultural heritage. However, it is no longer enough to focus on the needs of heritage in isolation. Demonstrating public benefit is crucial to persuade decision-makers to invest not only in the conservation of cultural heritage but also in the science that informs its care. Conservation science can research the significance of cultural heritage and how to enable access to it, but it now also needs to engage the public actively in its activities. This means continuing to use the traditional ‘hard’ sciences of physics and chemistry but also learning from and collaborating more with less familiar partners such as the social sciences, the medical sciences, and natural heritage to demonstrate how conservation science is good for people, and developing new methods of communication to do this. Conservation science needs to engage with the public not only as a subject for research but also as a means of doing the research, so the end also becomes the means. Public impact should be factored into conservation science projects, with training in communication and the principles of interpretation provided to those involved. A more fundamental shift may be required in the sector however, that puts people's benefit at the heart of conservation science as much as the benefit of the cultural heritage it engages with. 相似文献
13.
Research has highlighted the vast gulf that exists between experts' and novices' understandings of science, and how difficult it is to bridge this gulf. When this research is applied to the design of museum exhibits and outreach material, it becomes clear that there is a tension between being scientifically correct and communicating effectively to a broad, diverse audience. In this paper we present a new approach to thinking about science learning in museums. Drawing on decades of research from the learning sciences, we argue that being “wrong” is an inescapable part of learning, and that not all simplifications are problematic. Instead, being “wrong” involves the gradual restructuring of many fine‐grained intuitive or commonsense notions that persist throughout the learning process and play an essential role in scientific expertise. We discuss the implications of adopting this approach for museum design. 相似文献
14.
科学教育逐渐受到重视,科技博物馆成为科学教育的重要场所。如何通过设计开发教育活动达到科学教育的目的是当前研究的重点。本文结合“基于证据的论证”和课堂教学中的论证模型,构建了“基于证据的论证”用于科技博物馆的教学流程。本研究以此教学流程为基础,以小学三年级学生为对象,设计开发了学习昆虫知识的博物馆教育活动。研究发现,基于此教学流程,学生的科学知识有所提升,并且在活动中呈现出基于证据进行有效论证的对话。 相似文献
15.
《资料收集管理》2013,38(2):41-52
Abstract The notion of pseudoscience, as coined by philosopher Karl Popper, is discussed in the context of its application to library science and its implications for selection. Popper's demarcation criterion is described. The literature on pseudoscience and libraries, which accepts Popper's demarcation criteria, is summarized and critiqued. The received view of a rigid distinction between pseudoscience and science is found wanting. The new sociology of scientific knowledge and constructivism is described and advocated as an alternative to the received view of science, and the notion of ‘boundary work’ is suggested as an alternative to demarcation. It is concluded that constructivism is a non-elitist, democratic, and client-centered guide to selection. 相似文献
16.
30余年农业科普期刊研究述要 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农业科普期刊是服务农村、农民、农业的"先锋战士",对社会主义新农村建设、农民素质提高、农业经济发展具有独特的作用,自20世纪70年代末以来逐步引起研究者的关注。研究者紧跟中国改革开放和文化体制改革的步伐,对其进行了多角度、全方位、立体式的研究,形成了明确的研究轨迹和时代特征,产生了一批研究成果;但对30余年来各界研究者研究农业科普期刊的状况进行分析,发现依然有一些问题值得深入探讨和专题化研究。 相似文献
17.
科技馆是校外科学教育的基础阵地,在提升青少年科学素质、培育未来科技创新人才等方面发挥着重要作用。《现代科技馆体系发展“十四五”规划(2021—2025年)》的出台,标志着我国科技馆体系进入新的发展阶段。本文从分析科技馆科学教育的重要定位出发,指出科技馆科学教育在实现价值引领、供给侧改革以及开放体系建设上的新目标,并结合我国科技馆科学教育发展中的现存问题,从理论研究、资源建设和生态构建层面提出解决方案,助力我国青少年科学素质提升。 相似文献
18.
康丽 《自然科学博物馆研究》2020,(1):55-61
关于科技馆展览如何避免众馆一面,突出个性化的命题,是近年来探讨的热门话题。本文针对目前国内科技馆盲目追求表面、外在的个性化设计存在的两方面误区进行了简要分析,同时基于笔者的调研考察与项目实践,从选题创新、故事创新、结构创新、内容创新以及形式创新五个方面对科技馆个性化展览设计提出了相关的对策与思路。 相似文献
19.
科技博物馆在传播前沿科学知识、提高公民科学素养、营造城市科技文化底蕴等方面发挥着重要作用。近年来,我国各类科普场馆数量逐年上升,观众参观量与日俱增,教育活动内容不断丰富。同时,新形势下国内科技博物馆也面临科学教育创新的转折点与急迫点。本文在分析国外科技博物馆发展现状的基础上,总结思考它们在新阶段教育研究、藏品管理、社区公众等方面的优势及创新特色,为国内场馆结合馆情突破现有瓶颈,对标世界一流提高自身科学教育能力提供借鉴。 相似文献
20.
地球科学以地球为研究对象,是自然科学的一个重要组成部分,也是自然科学博物馆必不可少的展览内容之一。由于其涉及的范围较广,分支较多,在博物馆展览陈列的设计与布展中也面临着许多挑战。特别是目前我国博物馆事业进入了新的发展阶段,对地球科学的展览陈列也提出了新的要求。本文以2019年完成提质升级的湖南省地质博物馆地球奥秘厅为例,通过贴合时代发展的展览主题策划,将二元叙事结构运用于地球科学展览,在展览设计中探索性地采用了媒体化的途径与方法,为地球科学展览的策划和设计实践提供一种新的方式。 相似文献