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[目的/意义] 论文引用专利的“反向引用”也是科学与技术知识关联的重要体现。针对现有“反向引用”研究的不足,分析中国专利技术对世界科学研究的影响。[方法/过程] 搜集整理中国专利被世界科学论文引用的数据,利用文献计量学方法分析“反向引用”的引用频数、技术关联度、引用时滞及技术循环周期等指标,利用社会网络分析方法构建“反向引用”网络,探讨技术领域到科学领域的知识流动情况。[结果/结论] 中国专利技术对世界科学研究的影响力越来越大。科学与技术的双向互动在化学领域体现的最为明显,化学、工程、材料科学三个学科领域较多地吸收了专利知识,技术关联度较高。前1-4年的技术对当前科学影响最大,中国专利被科学文献引用的循环周期较短,平均为4.69年。 相似文献
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《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(3):101435
How do scientific knowledge and technological knowledge interact to influence patent inventions? This study combines the “Reliance on Science in Patenting” dataset with the PATSTAT database to investigate focal patents and their paper references and patent references. A temporal investigation shows a growing tendency that patents absorb more knowledge from patents than papers. Additionally, we conduct two sets of analyses, namely, studying the knowledge flow among 35 technology fields and 39 science fields and estimating the impact of cited references on patent impact. The results show that the fields are heterogeneous in absorbing scientific knowledge and technological knowledge. The empirical models indicate that the knowledge depth of both science and technology show an inverted U-shaped relationship with patent impact, while the curve of former is steeper. The knowledge breadth of both science and technology present a U-shaped relationship with patent impact, while the curve of latter is steeper. We also explore the impact of time lags and time spread on citations and estimate their joint effects. Our study provides a new understanding of the convergence of scientific knowledge and technological knowledge to facilitate patent inventions. 相似文献
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科学-技术关联是指技术创新系统与科学研究系统之间的知识传递关系。探测科学-技术关联的情报学方法是:计量"论文-专利"互引信息,用专利所属的4位IPC类目与论文所属的学科之间的对应关系来反映科学-技术关联。此方法中存在两方面问题:一方面,论文被笼统地视为基础科学的代表,忽略了自然科学体系的"基础科学-技术科学-工程科学"的层级结构;另一方面,IPC类目以"功能"为分类原则且粒度过粗,难以与科学学科合理对应。对科学端的学科层级划分问题和技术端的4位IPC类目细化问题进行研究,对探测科学-技术关联的情报学方法进行改进,并以2006-2009年间的美国催化技术专利和与之具有互引关系的论文为样本进行实验,实验结果反映出更精细的学科-领域对应关系,呈现出更清晰的科学-技术关联图景。 相似文献
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��[Purpose/significance] Patent is one of the most reliable sources of technical intelligence. By patent analysis, one can realize the mining and the utilization of patent information, and the technology innovation. Technological evolution analysis refers to the process of emergence, development, transfer, change and even annihilation of technology themes. The focus of the current research is to deeply reveal the patent technology information, technical elements are the key to deeply reveal patent technology information.[Method/process] Proposing a method for identifying technical elements based on patent documents for specific fields by analyzing typical patents and feature recognition.[Result/conclusion] Applying our methods to the nano fertilizer field, through the analysis of typical patents, five technical elements are identified:materials, products, methods, functions and usage, and the identification of technical elements is completed based on SAO structure and domain vocabulary. Our methods can serve as a foundation for technological evolution analysis, and display field technical information from multiple perspectives. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]研究时间因素对专利被引频次的影响,可以减少时间因素对技术评价活动的制约,提高评价的准确性和可信度。[方法/过程]采集1975-2017年的美国专利数据,开展基于固定效应法的专利被引频次的修正研究。将专利按照不同公开年份和不同技术领域分组,选定组内均值和6个TOP分位数为被引频次基准,统计当前时间点的被引频次基准线及基准线的历史时序变化情况。建立神经网络模型,拟合基准线的时序变化规律,并预测未来统计时间点的基准线。[结果/结论]专利公开年份和统计年份的时间差异,使得专利被引频次无法直接进行比较。本文建立了基于不同技术领域、不同公开年份和不同统计年份的专利被引频次基准线,为专利评估提供参考。 相似文献
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Patents are one of the most reliable sources of technology intelligence, and the true value of patent analysis stems from its capability of describing the content of technology based on the relationships between keywords. To date a number of techniques for analyzing the information contained in patent documents that focus on the relationships between keywords have been suggested. However, a drawback of the existing keyword approaches is that they cannot yet determine the types of relationships between the keywords. This study proposes a novel approach based on preposition semantic analysis network which overcomes the limitations of the existing keywords-based network analysis and demonstrates its potential through an application. A preposition is a word that defines the relationship between two neighboring words, and, in the case of patents, prepositions aid in revealing the relationships between keywords related to technologies. To demonstrate the approach, patents regarding an electric vehicle were employed. 13 prepositions were identified which could be used to define 5 relationships between neighboring technological terms: “inclusion (utilization),” “objective (purpose),” “effect,” “process,” and “likeness.” The proposed approach is expected to improve the usability of keyword-based patent analyses and support more elaborate studies on patent documents. 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 基于专利文献识别产业技术领域的核心技术链,对于梳理产业核心技术架构,分析我国核心产业链的薄弱环节,确定技术攻关方向,完善技术链和产业链具有积极意义。[方法/过程] 改进经典的SAO结构,提出基于输入输出型SAO网络的核心技术链识别方法。从领域专利文本中提取输入输出型SAO结构作为技术要素,根据技术要素间的输入输出关系构建技术的领域知识网络;运用加权k-Core方法获得包含主要技术关系的核心知识子网络,并通过识别强连通分量实现核心知识子网络的分解;利用主路径分析等方法识别核心知识子网络中的外部核心技术链与内部核心技术链,并参照其涉及专利对核心技术链进行解读。[结果/结论] 将所提出方法应用于量子计算领域,识别出其中蕴含的外部和内部核心技术链,通过专家验证以及与相关学者研究的对比,验证了结果的准确性。该识别方法具有技术链关系连贯、自动化程度高以及灵活性强等优点。 相似文献
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专利不仅是科技文献,更是法律文件,客观研读世界各国专利法对专利引用行为的具体规定,是正确认识专利引用行为及其产出的专利引文的情报学意义的基础和前提。本文翻译并解读了美国专利法规、欧洲专利法规、日本专利法规和中国专利法规有关专利引用行为的条款,首次在专利法视域下清晰地阐述了专利引文的法定功能。鉴于目前情报学界的专利引文评价指标体系通常以计量“被引”为主,本文大胆地提出：基于专利法对专利引用行为的相关规定,专利的价值应当与专利的“施引”密切相关性,研究专利的引用行为及相应的施引频次,应当在分析和预见专利价值方面具有重要的情报学意义。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]核心专利的发现是技术创新的重要环节,对于技术改进和专利战略布局意义重大。[方法/过程]首先界定核心专利的概念,然后在对原始PageRank算法模型介绍的基础上,结合专利的被引次数和专利的年龄对原始的PageRank算法进行改进,提出PatentRank算法（简称PTR）,并将其应用到OLED领域中来识别核心专利。[结果/结论]研究发现,相比被引次数,PTR不仅能将该领域的核心专利识别出来,而且还可以识别出一些重要性的基础性专利,为研究OLED相关技术提供追本溯源的研究思路;相比原始PageRank算法,PTR具有更高的值区分度,在局部改善了PR的排名。 相似文献
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A missing link in this study refers to a pair of patents whose relatedness is not manifested by one citing the other but implied by their strong bibliographic coupling. By analyzing empirical data, this study discovers that the occurrence of missing links is not coincidental but arises systematically; patent pairs with missing links usually have highly overlapped application processes, whereas those with direct citations more frequently have successive or less overlapped application processes. The missing links thus may capture relatedness between patents that direct citations fail to detect. By applying main path analysis to a network containing 34,083 patents, 155,076 citations, and 9,213 missing links designed to simulate direct citations, this study further finds that the missing links—accounting for only approximately 5% of all connections—identify patents embodying contemporaneous technological developments, which may evade detection if only direct citations are considered. 相似文献
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In this contribution, we develop a new approach to explore the process of knowledge transition from discovery-oriented science to technological fields, via applications-oriented research, including a mediator set. This trajectory is referred to as the D-A-T trajectory. It is shown how it can be constructed and measures are proposed to characterize the relational strength among different environments (discovery oriented research, applications-oriented research and patents) and the speed of evolution. Our approach is illustrated by a case study of three fundamental restriction enzymes articles. Among other results we found that 387 patents cited 124 of the 988 articles (a share of 12.55%) in the mediator set. Defining the non-patent references (NPR) transition rate as the number of citing patents divided by the number of articles in the mediator set yields a value 0.392. Our results suggest that the D-A-T path acts as a backbone and reveals important “invisible contributions” of an original scientific work during its evolution from discovery oriented research to outside academia. Our contribution provides a useful tool for bridging the existing gap in detecting the transition of knowledge between science and technology. 相似文献
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The U.S. patent system and the body of issued patents are key elements in meeting information needs related to technology and innovation. Most librarians, however, have little understanding of the value of patents as sources of technological information—and less knowledge about how to help users tap what has been called, “the largest and most comprehensive body of technological literature in the world.” This article attempts to provide a sufficient background on patent fundamentals to allow librarians to assist or refer users who would benefit by the use of patents. Detailed patent searching instructions are provided for staff in Government Printing Office depository libraries to use materials available through the depository program. The value of utilizing one of the 58 Patent depository libraries to enhance and expedite the search process is highlighted, and online searching options are introduced. 相似文献
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基于专利申请及审查制度的专利引文评价效能实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的/意义]研究专利申请及审查制度下的专利引文作用机理,厘清专利引文评价效能,是保证学术评估客观合理的重要前提。[方法/过程]以美、中、日三国诉讼专利和许可专利为实证样本,分析专利引文频次与专利价值的相关性,并结合专利申请和专利审查制度就专利引文对施引专利、被引专利的评价效能进行深入剖析。[结果/结论]专利引文频次对专利价值而言是一个正向、负向、中性混杂的评价指标,专利引文对专利价值的评价需建立在对引用动机、引文扮演角色和实际发挥作用等诸多要素的深入细致分析上,否则,专利引文对专利价值不具有客观的评价效能。 相似文献
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Forward citations of patents have been used extensively to capture the impact of technological knowledge. However, our understanding of the factors shaping patent citation patterns remains limited. One of the main limitations is the lack of scholarly attention paid to the dynamic influences arising from the evolution of technology fields. From an evolutionary perspective, technological impact is not simply determined by the static attributes of a technology itself; it is also dynamically affected by changes in the external conditions. Drawing on this viewpoint, this study suggests a model for understanding patent citation patterns by reflecting the evolution of the technology fields to which each patent belongs. Four such factors are explored: technology cycle time, potential of technological convergence, popularity of the technology field, and technological novelty. Based on the proposed model, we show how expected citation patterns can change as a result of different scenarios for technology field evolution. We conduct a case study of patents in the information technology and healthcare industries to show citation patterns of patents across heterogeneous industries as well as those within an industry. Contributions to the innovation literature and research investment decisions are discussed. 相似文献
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This study uses bibliographic coupling to identify missing relevant patent links, in order to construct a comprehensive citation network. Missing citation links can be added by taking the missing relevant patent links into account. The Pareto principle is used to determine the threshold of bibliographic coupling strength, in order to identify the missing relevant patent links. Comparisons between the original patent citation network and the comprehensive patent citation network with the missing relevant patent links are illustrated at both the patent and assignee levels. Light emitting diode (LED) illuminating technology is chosen as the case study. The relationships between the patents and the assignees are obviously enhanced after adding the missing relevant patent links. The results show that the growth rates on both the total number and the average number of links have apparently improved at the patent level. At the assignee level, the number of linked assignees and the average number of links between two assignees are increased. The differences between the two citation networks are further examined by means of the Freeman vertex betweenness centrality and Johnson's hierarchical clustering. The patents with more new links to other patents have distinct results in terms of the Freeman vertex betweenness centrality. The enhancement of links among patents also results in different clustering. 相似文献
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将启发式方法作为技术范式的特征指示,以启发式方法的不连续性和稳定性为切入点,基于专利引证网络分析半导体制造领域技术范式和技术轨迹的发展和演化过程。从美国专利数据库中采集55 229项1976年至2006年授权的半导体制造领域的相关专利,从专利数据集NBER中查询得到专利引证关系,利用网络分析软件Pajek构建专利引证网络。应用搜索路径连接统计法和搜索路径节点对统计法计算专利引证路径的连接度,提取技术进化轨迹。以技术进化分叉为切入点,从技术进化轨迹连续性和稳定性的角度对半导体制造技术各个发展阶段进行界定。分析各个发展阶段中专利的适用范围、技术背景、解决方案等,从中提炼技术启发式方法,进而分析技术范式及其演化情况。最后对下一步的研究工作进行展望。 相似文献
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基于有效专利的我国专利现状分析及对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
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本文以专利这一类科技文献数据为主要载体,针对知识转化过程中隐含的技术层面进行组织分析。通过某一特定产业的产业链,以专利集中度为重心,从微观角度对专利进行定量定性分析,构造一种研究机构技术发展方向、技术热点领域的新分析方法,进而来判定机构的技术优势,并以专利链的属性预测机构的技术发展趋势。 相似文献