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Gender and IT in the Household: Evolving Patterns of Internet Use in the United States 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ruby Roy Dholakia 《The Information Society》2006,22(4):231-240
Information technology (IT)—computers and related technologies—is the latest technology to enter the household. Like other technologies, gender is a major factor in its adoption and use as well as its perceived usefulness. Unlike prior household technologies, the computer's entry into the household has followed a different pattern. Early statistics revealed a vast gender divide, with men using computers and related technologies much more in the household. More recent statistics show a narrowing of the divide, perhaps even a reversal, particularly in the United States, with women outnumbering men in the access to and use of the Internet. In this article, the role of gender and its relationship with Internet use in the home are reviewed. In addition to overall adoption and access, the review focuses on specific Internet applications and examines the factors that contribute to gender differences in adoption and use of computers and Internet applications in the home. 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(4):403-415
The management of our households and the way we spend our leisure time has been greatly influenced by the introduction of various household technologies in the 1980s and 1990s. This paper compares the extent and rate of adoption of selected household products in Australian households. The diffusion of colour television sets, video cassette recorders, compact disc players, microwave ovens and personal computers into various types of households during the 1980s and 1990s was examined. This study found that different types of Australian households adopted new technology at different rates. The levels of ownership of various household technologies were highest for households with children. In general, one-adult households were slower to adopt new household technology when compared to other types of households. This paper speculates as to why one-person households are slower to purchase the latest in cooking and entertainment technology. 相似文献
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具有跨期属性的保护性耕作技术是“藏粮于地”战略实施的重要选择,农户的保护性耕作技术行为选择可能由于其收益的跨期属性有着独特的行为决策机制。本文以秸秆还田为例构建了农户跨期技术采纳的理论决策框架,在此基础上利用全国粮食主产省2271个地块的微观数据,采用二元Probit模型实证分析了产权性质及契约稳定性对农户保护性耕作技术采纳的影响。结果表明：①产权性质对农户跨期技术采纳有重要影响,农户自家地块技术采纳率比转入地块高25.11%;②产权性质对农户技术采纳的影响与耕地规模有关,耕地规模会降低土地转入对跨期技术选择的负向影响,这种影响在南方地区更为显著;③对转入土地而言,契约期限越长越有利于提升农户采纳跨期农业技术的概率。并且在契约期限的约束下,通过正规的流转平台签订流转契约的地块,跨期技术采纳率会有所提升。细分样本、考虑了选择偏误后发现相关结论仍然稳健。因此,加强农地可持续利用宣传、提升地权稳定性及交易规范性和提供农业补贴政策等是促进农户保护性耕作技术采纳的可行选择。 相似文献
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Technological progress is often at the heart of improvements in quality of life. The development of personal computers (PCs) and the Internet are among the most important technological advances of the last century. PCs and the Internet have profoundly changed the way we access information, shop, view media, communicate, socialize, and spend our time. Despite the many benefits of computer and Internet use, certain population groups – especially low-educated and older consumers – have not yet fully adopted computer technology and the Internet in their daily lives. This paper estimates the effects of early-life education on computer and Internet use among older Italians. Using data on early-life educational attainment and computer and Internet use of older adults from the 2013 Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we exploit a historical increase in compulsory schooling in Italy as an instrumental variable for education to estimate the effects of early-life education on the adoption of PCs and on current use of the Internet. We find large and statistically significant effects of early-life education on later-life technology use among older persons who obtained additional education due to increased schooling requirements. In our benchmark estimations, one additional year of schooling resulted in an eight percentage point increase in the probability of having ever used a computer and in a 12 percentage point increase in the probability of reporting to have at least good computer skills. Individuals affected by the reform were also six percentage points more likely to have used the Internet in the last week. These findings are robust across different sample selection and model specification strategies. Our analysis also suggests that occupational choice and computer use at work are important channels through which education affects the adoption and use of computers and the Internet. Our findings thus highlight the likely importance of early-life education for later-life computer and the Internet use and perhaps technology adoption more broadly. 相似文献
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基于技术生命周期理论,考察技术生命周期不同阶段技术任务的变化,根据技术管理系统运作过程识别技术管理能力的关键活动,并据此设计技术管理能力评价指标体系。选择支持向量机方法构建技术管理能力评价模型,并以A企业为例进行实证分析。结果表明:在不同技术生命周期阶段,技术管理的重点发生变化,技术管理能力的评价指标体系不同;技术管理能力评价的支持向量机模型能够对技术管理能力进行有效评价。 相似文献
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针对以农业生产为主体的农户,基于整合型科技接受理论模型实证分析其采纳农业新技术的影响因素.结果 显示:绩效期望、努力期望、社会影响等均会影响农户对农业新技术的采纳意愿,且通过采纳意愿中介效应影响农户的采纳行为,而良好的便利条件、强烈的采纳意愿会促进农户的采纳行为.最后,从农户个人、乡镇村等各级组织、合作社以及政府等方面提出促进社会影响的正向作用、注重经济收益兼顾环境效益、增强农业新技术的易用性、优化获取农业新技术的便利条件等对策建议,以有效提升农户采纳农业新技术的积极性,提高农户经济收益. 相似文献
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农产品商品化对农户种植结构的影响——基于沪苏皖农户的调查研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过沪苏皖3省16个村的分层抽样农户调查发现,因经济发展阶段差异,以沪苏为代表的长三角地区农产品生产的商品化、专业化、规模化水平比安徽传统农区更高一些,但是广大农户主动参与市场的意识还不强。根据定量分析和Tobit模型检验表明,农产品商品化对农户种植结构产生较显著的影响。无论以蔬菜表征的经济作物还是稻麦表征的粮食作物,其市场销售行为对种植规模的扩大呈现显著的正向刺激作用。不同地区的要素影响程度有所差异,销售价格对安徽农区、销售率和销售渠道对沪苏地区的农户种植结构呈现显著的正效应。另外,耕地资源、生产区位、农户特征等要素对农产品种植结构也产生了明显影响,这与作物特性及地区适宜性是一致的。 相似文献
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技术认知、补贴政策对农户不同节水技术采用阶段的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探究农户节水技术采用的阶段性特征,对促进其持续采用具有重要意义。本文以滴灌技术为例,结合民勤县354份农户调研数据,运用结构方程模型分析了技术认知与补贴政策认知对农户采用节水技术的不同阶段的影响。结果表明：从初始采用阶段到后续采用阶段,农户感知技术的易用性有所提升,而感知技术的有用性与感知补贴政策的合理性有所下降;感知有用性对农户采用意愿的影响相对于感知易用性有所增强;补贴政策认知对农户采用意愿的影响有所提升,并成为最主要的影响因素。据此建议：技术宣传、培训与田间示范在技术推广中仍有重要意义;进一步加大研发投入,从而提升农户技术采用的效果与持续性;适当调整补贴标准与方式,提高补贴政策的实施效果。 相似文献
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武汉农户采纳农业新技术意愿分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用probit模型对武汉市洪山区、黄陂区、东西湖区3个区农户采纳农业新技术的意愿及其影响因素进行分析。分析结果表明,农户文化程度、农业科技人员服务水平和技术来源渠道是否畅通三个因素对农户采纳新技术的意愿有显著正向影响,而户主性别、年龄、科技成果实用性等因素对农户采纳新技术都无显著影响。 相似文献
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农户水稻秸秆还田技术采纳意愿及其驱动路径分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
水稻秸秆还田技术是政府主推的一项绿色农业技术,探讨农户对这一技术的采纳意愿及驱动路径,有助于农业可持续发展与生态文明建设的顺利推进。本文基于改进的MOA理论框架,根据湖北省3市农户问卷调查数据,利用SEM模型,分析了采纳动机、采纳机会、能力（抗风险能力、操作能力）、信任与农户水稻秸秆还田技术采纳意愿间的逻辑关系。研究发现：采纳动机对农户采纳意愿影响不显著,而采纳机会、操作能力、抗风险能力则对其具有显著正向影响,且整体效应分别为0.665、0.291、0.644,信任则具有间接效应,其大小为0.304。从跨组回归来看,随着家庭年收入的提高、受教育程度的提升,抗风险能力对农户采纳意愿的影响逐渐增强;随着家庭种植面积的扩大,采纳动机和抗风险能力对采纳意愿的影响更强。根据以上结论,本文提出了政府应该加快水稻秸秆还田技术推广进程、完善风险补偿制度、加大秸秆还田技术研发力度、加强政府信任建设以及建立以政府为主导的秸秆回收体系等政策建议,以便增进农户对水稻秸秆还田技术的采纳意愿。 相似文献
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技术推广与农民对新技术的修正采用:农民参与技术培训和采用新技术的意愿及其影响因素分析 总被引：26，自引：2，他引：26
本文通过对农民参加技术培训行为和采用新技术意愿数据的经济计量分析，论证了农民的技术采用过程是对技术的不断修正过程，重点考察了农民技术培训行为与技术采用意愿的关系。文章指出，农民参加技术培训的行为决定于农民掌握的信息、农民的个人特征和家庭特征等因素；技术培训是影响农民技术采用意愿的比较重要的因素。可以极大地激发农民采用新技术的愿望。 相似文献
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Nyoman Adhiarna Yoon Min Hwang Min Jae Park Jae Jeung Rho 《International Journal of Information Management》2013
This study presents a comprehensive framework to identify dynamic radio frequency identification (RFID) adoption and diffusion from three different perspectives: stages of adoption, levels of analysis, and domain of issues. The main concern of this study is stages of adoption, which covers three phases in respect of the maturity of the RFID project and the sophistication of business applications and RFID technology. The level of analysis involves different units of analysis beyond the organization level, including the industry- and country-level, which is lacking in the current literature. To understand dimensions of RFID issues, a strategy, technology, organization, people and environment (STOPE) based approach was applied. An extensive review of prior literature was conducted to find various RFID success factors and the Delphi method was applied to find positions of these factors within the framework. Based on the Delphi, some factors belong to early stage of adoption, and some others persist in the later stages of adoption. At the country level, factors such as RFID national policy, R&D policy and income per capita were accepted by most experts at the preliminary and intermediate stage; strategy and environment were accepted as important domains. To find practical implications of the framework, a case study of Indonesia was conducted at each level of analysis. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to identify most important factors and important domains of issues with respect to the factors from the Delphi results. At country level, RFID policy, vision of leadership and RFID potential market are the most important factors; strategy and environment are the most important domains. 相似文献
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不同兼业类型农户的土地利用行为和效率分析——基于经济发达地区的实证研究 总被引：23，自引：5，他引：18
构建了农户兼业对土地利用行为及其效率作用机理的分析框架,并在此框架下以经济发达地区的农户调研数据为基础,利用分组比较分析、单因素方差分析、数据包络分析(DEA)等方法分析不同兼业类型农户的土地利用行为和土地利用效率的差异。研究结果表明：兼业类型对农户土地利用方式和行为的选择有显著的影响,不同类型农户的投入行为、施肥行为、土地利用程度、土地经营规模存在很大的差异,从总体上说,兼业农户的资本投入、劳动投入、化肥施数量、土地利用程度等方面低于纯农户,在兼业农户中二兼农户又低于一兼农户;同时,不同的土地利用行为又导致了不同类型农户的土地利用效率的差异,从DEA效率来看,一兼农户略大于纯农户,并且二者都远远大于二兼农户,这说明农户适当进行兼业经营有利于土地利用效率的提高,
当兼业程度达到一定程度时就会影响土地利用效率。 相似文献
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为了促进能源技术在农村的发展和应用,国家出台了一系列的能源技术扶持政策,究竟哪些政策更受农户的欢迎,需要进一步加大扶持力度?基于鄱阳湖生态经济区1 113户农户数据,研究从描述能源技术政策优先序分析到利用聚类分析方法对该区域的农户应用能源技术扶持政策需求偏好进行分层聚类,通过建立计数模型来分析农户对政策需求量的影响因素.研究结果表明:描述分析上的优先序排列在第一次位上,出现次数最多的是资金补助使用新能源的家庭,为300次;其次为对购买的新能源设备实行优惠和购买节能家电,节能灯具补贴,分别为284和197次;出现次数最少的政策是提供售后服务,出现17次.在这11项政策中,继续对农户实行节能家电,节能灯具补贴或进行资金补助或购买优惠政策是农户最受欢迎的.年龄离差,家庭能源消费支出,木柴是否容易获得以及生活方式类型是影响农户对能源技术扶持政策需求的主要影响因素. 相似文献
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我国先进制造技术追赶中子领域与周期选择 《科学学研究》2022,40(9):1583-1597
先进制造技术面向世界前沿的追赶收敛承载着实现科技自强自立的重大期待。应用logistic模型对先进制造技术子领域技术生命周期进行识别,应用显性技术优势指数（RTA）指数对主要工业国家在不同技术子领域不同发展阶段技术优势分析测算,在此基础上选择我国先进制造技术追赶的子领域并建立其在不同技术周期阶段进行追赶的成本收益模型,通过对模型中技术价值、技术距离、产品与技术扩散速度赋值进行仿真分析。得到的结论有,第一,先进制造技术在周期化演进过程中呈现出子领域非均衡、周期阶段非同步发展的特点,为后发经济体技术追赶提供了重要的机会窗口;第二,从显性技术优势指数及技术生命周期看,我国在再制造技术、仿生制造技术、工业机器人等子领域中技术追赶机会窗口更显著;第三,即使对于存在技术追赶机会窗口的领域,在不同技术周期阶段发起追赶,追赶总收益存在显著差异。这些结论对我国先进制造技术识别追赶领域,制定追赶战略有着重要启示意义。 相似文献
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在农村劳动力转移的趋势下,黄土高原农户在时间禀赋恒定条件下的劳动力配置逐渐成为采用水土保持技术的关键因素,探究二者关系对于提高技术采用率、减少水土流失、改善生态环境具有重要意义。本文利用黄土高原区1197份农户的调查数据,使用Probit模型,主要考察了农户劳动力外出务工行为及时间长短对水土保持技术采用的影响,进一步运用逐步检验法,检验了农户参与集体行动对外出务工影响水土保持技术采用的中介效应。研究结果表明：①总体上,劳动力外出务工会促进其水土保持技术的采用。但异质性分析表明,随着劳动力外出务工时间延长,农户对农业收入依赖性降低,削弱了农户水土保持技术的采取。②农户参与村集体行动是劳动力转移影响农户水土保持技术采用行为的渠道之一,具有部分中介效应,证实了集体行动模式在水土保持技术应用推广中的价值。此外,农业经营决策者的受教育程度、务农年限与农户家庭的邻里互助、技术改善认知以及政府的技术推广活动均对农户的水土保持技术采用行为具有显著的正向影响。本文不仅提供了劳动力转移趋势下水土保持技术扩散的研究证据,对健全村集体行动以促进技术采用也具备一定的经验价值。 相似文献