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1.
Robin S. Dillon 《Ethics and Information Technology》2010,12(1):17-28
There is surprisingly little attention in Information Technology ethics to respect for persons, either as an ethical issue
or as a core value of IT ethics or as a conceptual tool for discussing ethical issues of IT. In this, IT ethics is very different
from another field of applied ethics, bioethics, where respect is a core value and conceptual tool. This paper argues that
there is value in thinking about ethical issues related to information technologies, especially, though not exclusively, issues
concerning identity and identity management, explicitly in terms of respect for persons understood as a core value of IT ethics.
After explicating respect for persons, the paper identifies a number of ways in which putting the concept of respect for persons
explicitly at the center of both IT practice and IT ethics could be valuable, then examines some of the implicit and problematic
assumptions about persons, their identities, and respect that are built into the design, implementation, and use of information
technologies and are taken for granted in discussions in IT ethics. The discussion concludes by asking how better conceptions
of respect for persons might be better employed in IT contexts or brought better to bear on specific issues concerning identity
in IT contexts. 相似文献
2.
Our moral condition in cyberspace 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Diane P. Michelfelder 《Ethics and Information Technology》2000,2(3):147-152
Some kinds of technological change not only trigger new ethical problems, but also give rise to questions about those very approaches to addressing ethical problems that have been relied upon in the past. Writing in the aftermath of World War II, Hans Jonas called for a new ``ethics of responsibility,'' based on the reasoning that modern technology dramatically divorces our moral condition from the assumptions under which standard ethical theories were first conceived. Can a similar claim be made about the technologies of cyberspace? Do online information technologies so alter our moral condition that standard ethical theories become ineffective in helping us address the moral problems they create? I approach this question from two angles. First, I look at the impact of online information technologies on our powers of causal efficacy. I then go on to consider their impact on self-identity. We have good reasons, I suggest, to be skeptical of any claim that there is a need for a new, cyberspace ethics to address the moral dilemmas arising from these technologies. I conclude by giving a brief sketch of why this suggestion does not imply there is nothing philosophically interesting about the ethical challenges associated with cyberspace. 相似文献
3.
Self-driving cars currently face a lot of technological problems that need to be solved before the cars can be widely used. However, they also face ethical problems, among which the question of crash-optimization algorithms is most prominently discussed. Reviewing current debates about whether we should use the ethics of the Trolley Dilemma as a guide towards designing self-driving cars will provide us with insights about what exactly ethical research does. It will result in the view that although we need the ethics of the Trolley Dilemma as important input for self-driving cars, the route towards simply implementing it into automated cars is blocked. 相似文献
4.
Shannon Vallor 《Ethics and Information Technology》2010,12(2):157-170
This paper argues in favor of more widespread and systematic applications of a virtue-based normative framework to questions
about the ethical impact of information technologies, and social networking technologies in particular. The first stage of
the argument identifies several distinctive features of virtue ethics that make it uniquely suited to the domain of IT ethics,
while remaining complementary to other normative approaches. I also note its potential to reconcile a number of significant
methodological conflicts and debates in the existing literature, including tensions between phenomenological and constructivist
perspectives. Finally, I claim that a virtue-based perspective is needed to correct for a strong utilitarian bias in the research
methodologies of existing empirical studies on the social and ethical impact of IT. The second part of the paper offers an
abbreviated demonstration of the merits of virtue ethics by showing how it might usefully illuminate the moral dimension of
emerging social networking technologies. I focus here on the potential impact of such technologies on three virtues typically
honed in communicative practices: patience, honesty and empathy. 相似文献
5.
新兴技术实践伦理的困境与应对 《科学学研究》2023,41(1):11-17
为应对来自技术的伦理问题,国内外学者提出了多种实践伦理方法。新兴技术作为尚未投产及仍处研发阶段的一系列尖端技术的总和,其自身具有不确定性和巨大影响力这两大特点。因此由新兴技术所带来的伦理问题相较一般技术而言也有其独特特征,并由此在实践伦理过程中产生了相应的困境,其特点主要为后果更难以预测、范围和程度更大、更为复杂多元,并且较难得到公众理解。为应对新兴技术实践伦理的困境应将研究对象从新兴技术转向新兴技术实践过程,把问题还原到实践本身,通过对实践场域及实践主体行动逻辑的认识弥补实证性经验材料的不足。新兴技术实践伦理从研发、投产、使用、治理四个实践场域分别入手,在每个实践场域中靶向性地匹配伦理原则、理论方法。对研发设计进行调解,优化投产及使用过程,并在技术治理中寻求解决路径。 相似文献
6.
Philip A. E. Brey 《Ethics and Information Technology》2012,14(4):305-317
In this essay, a new approach to the ethics of emerging information technology will be presented, called anticipatory technology ethics (ATE). The ethics of emerging technology is the study of ethical issues at the R&D and introduction stage of technology development through anticipation of possible future devices, applications, and social consequences. In the essay, I will first locate emerging technology in the technology development cycle, after which I will consider ethical approaches to emerging technologies, as well as obstacles in developing such approaches. I will argue that any sound approach must centrally include futures studies of technology. I then present ATE and some applications of it to emerging information technologies. In ATE, ethical analysis is performed at three levels, the technology, artifact and application levels, and at each levels distinct types of ethical questions are asked. ATE analyses result in the identification and evaluation of a broad range of ethical issues that can be anticipated in relation to an emerging information technology. This ethical analysis can then be used for ethical recommendations for design or governance. 相似文献
7.
新兴科技的前沿创新性、动态变化性、多元互动性使其伦理治理存在难度，传统的治理方式难以快速应对。浙江省作为共同富裕示范区，重点发展“互联网+”、生命健康和新材料三大科创高地，亟需识别新兴科研领域的伦理风险并加强伦理建制。为此，基于我国重点科技创新领域伦理治理存在相关法律法规文本体量不足、专业审查机制及配套保障不完善、科技伦理教育薄弱、总体伦理素养有待提高、科研伦理创新治理路径有待拓展等现状，系统分析信息科学、生命健康和新材料三大科学领域代表技术的潜在伦理风险和伦理治理现状，提出浙江省反思性高阶伦理“元治理”路径，包括：促进多元主体协同参与伦理治理、完善特色科技伦理制度文本、加强伦理审查制度建设、健全伦理教育科普制度以及数字化赋能高效管理等，以期促进科技理性驱动共同富裕示范区经济社会发展。 相似文献
8.
朱勤 《科学技术与辩证法》2010,27(1):101-106
技术不仅仅是一种功能性工具,更是调节人与世界之间关系的中介,它在使用过程中影响着用户的知觉和行为,进而影响人们的伦理行为决策。因此,需要对技术中介与伦理行为之间的关系作出把握,通过中介分析和设计,将道德物质化人工物的设计之中,以促进技术社会的民主化进程。源于现象学的技术中介理论引入技术伦理学领域,有助于丰富对技术自身特性的认识,有助于建立适应当代社会发展的＂高技术伦理学＂。 相似文献
9.
《International Journal of Information Management》2016,36(4):543-556
This paper reports on a research project that investigated how library and information (LIS) professionals experience ethical dilemmas, with particular reference to the impact of new technologies, sources used to assist ethical decision-making, and the contribution case studies can make to ethical understanding and decision-making. Data was collected through interviews in Britain, Ireland and Australia with LIS professionals, educators, and representatives of professional bodies. The findings identify the main types of dilemma raised and discuss cases indicative of each type. They suggest that new technologies do not appear to change ethical principles but, when experienced in the workplace, substantially change the factors the professional has to evaluate. They also suggest that relevant codes of ethics are satisfactory on traditional library issues of access and confidentiality, but do not address the ethical challenges of current and potential digital environments. Professional associations appear more familiar with codes of ethics than practitioners although practitioners show high levels of ethical awareness, suggesting associations need to communicate more with their members and provide tools that are more useful in the workplace. Case studies are seen as a good way to educate and engage practitioners because of the complexity, conflicts and dynamism they can present. 相似文献
10.
首先，调查了撤稿观察数据库（RWD）中截至2022年5月21日因“缺伦理审批”或“无患者知情同意”科技伦理失范（EMSR）论文的发表及撤回（包括撤稿、关注、更正）时间、署名作者来源国家及机构、来源期刊及出版商、学科分布及相关撤回原因等状况；结果显示，近年来全球EMSR原因撤回论文呈上升趋势，且中国作者参与的数量增加明显，95.35%的EMSR撤回论文集中在健康科学和基础生命科学领域。其次，结合科技伦理问题呈现的多样性和复杂性，提出了强化科研活动全流程科技伦理监管策略；最后，作为期刊人，从压实主体责任的视角，提出了科技期刊参与科技伦理协同治理的思考和建议：科技期刊可通过对科研者的伦理宣传教育、投稿论文的协同伦理审查把关以及撤稿惩戒等手段发挥协同共治的作用。 相似文献
11.
科技伦理与安全审查的内在理路与二元结构———以《生物安全法》为中心展开 《科学学研究》2022,40(7):1163-1171
科技研发应当遵循“科技向善”的理念,科技伦理与安全审查机制的建立十分重要。科技伦理与安全审查机制是生物安全风险防控和治理体系建设的重要组成部分,科技伦理与安全审查从“形式要件”到“实质要件”,均应当体现实体伦理正义和程序伦理正义的科技善治。我国应当构建科技伦理与安全审查二元体系结构:在内部审查结构中,制定具有统一性的科技伦理与安全审查实体性规则、程序性规则,从审查方式、审查标准、审查类型、主体法律责任四个方面对科技研发行为和科技产出成果予以规范。在外部审查结构中,建立信用机制及负面清单制度,形塑公众参与式审查模式,以期从源头有效规避科技伦理与安全风险。 相似文献
12.
Invoking politics and ethics in the design of information technology: undesigning the design 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
It is a truism that the design and deployment of information and communication technologies is vital to everyday life, the conduct of work and to social order. But how are individual, organisational and societal choices made? What might it mean to invoke a politics and an ethics of information technology design and use? This editorial paper situates these questions within the trajectory of preoccupations and approaches to the design and deployment of information technology since computerisation began in the 1940s. Focusing upon the dominant concerns over the last three decades, the paper delineates an interest in design and use in relation to socio-technical theories, situated practices and actor-network theory. It is argued that each of these approaches is concerned with a particular form of politics that does not explicitly engage with ethics. In order to introduce ethics into contemporary debates about information technology, and to frame the papers in the special issue, it is argued that Levinas’ ethics is particularly valuable in problematising the relationship between politics and ethics. Levinas provides a critique of modernity’s emphasis on politics and the egocentric self. It is from a Levinasian concern with the Other and the primacy of the ethical that a general rethinking of the relationship between politics, ethics and justice in relation to information and communication technologies can be invoked. 相似文献
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人工智能在深刻影响人类社会生产生活方式的同时,也引发诸多伦理困境与挑战,建立新的科技伦理规范以推动人工智能更好服务人类,成为全社会共同关注的主题。本文从科技伦理的视角,围绕机器人、算法、大数据、无人驾驶等人工智能领域所出现的伦理主体、责任分担、技术安全、歧视与公平性、隐私与数据保护等问题,以及人工智能技术的伦理治理,对国内外相关研究成果进行回顾分析,并提出未来需要在中国情境下伦理原则与治理体系的建立、人工智能伦理研究的跨学科合作、理论分析与实践案例的融合、多元主体伦理角色分工与协作等方面进行进一步研究。 相似文献
16.
Doing the Right Thing: Ethical Cyberspace Research 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sharon Polancic Boehlefeld 《The Information Society》1996,12(2):141-152
With increased use of the Internet and other computer-based communications resources, researchers have begun examining interactions in, and uses of, 'cyberspace.' In considering ways to conduct ethical cyberspace research, some have looked to guidelines in their own disciplines. A potentially useful ethics statement for social science researchers to consider is that of the Association of Computing Machinery. Keeping in mind some of the ACM guidelines, as well as the similarities and differences between cyberspace and other communications media, may help researchers to be aware of their ethical responsibilities in conducting their research. The ACM guidelines, especially in consideration with other communications media, help remind researchers of the technological environment within which the social interactions being studied take place. 相似文献
17.
Michael Nagenborg 《Ethics and Information Technology》2014,16(1):43-49
This paper is as much about surveillance as about persuasive technologies (PTs). With regard to PTs it raises the question about the ethical limits of persuasion. It will be argued that even some forms of self-imposed persuasive soft surveillance technologies may be considered unethical. Therefore, the ethical evaluation of surveillance technologies should not be limited to privacy issues. While it will also be argued that PTs may become instrumental in pre-commitment strategies, it will also be demonstrated that the use of persuasive surveillance technologies in order to influence the users to become more compliant, to get their consent more easily or making it harder to opt out of the system does give rise to ethical issues. 相似文献
18.
What's Wrong with the 'Golden Rule'? Conundrums of Conducting Ethical Research in Cyberspace 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Christina Allen 《The Information Society》1996,12(2):175-188
Three key values for ethical cyberspace research practices are evident in recent discussions: (1) protect the subjects from harm as a result of the research fieldwork and the research practices; (2) produce good social science research; and (3) do not unnecessarily perturb the phenomena studied. Much of the argumentation aims to negotiate the ethical conflicts that often emerge between these goals. Bakhtin argues that one can only strive for a bottom-up ethical wisdom built upon concrete examples, and disputes the possibility that rigid top-down application of universal rules constitutes ethical action. His perspective has key implications for ethical research practices. I illustrate this perspective at work through my recent fieldwork and writing practices in a virtual community. Research ethics for cyberspace are like research ethics for any other site. They should be situated, dialogic agreements that develop over time between researchers and the participants of the research study. It is unlikely that such research ethics can be abstractly codified, because there will often be differences between research sites, the situations of participants, and researcher goals. Researchers can, however, develop ethical wisdom that comes from experience with many configurations of research in cyberspace, and report on the conditions that grounded their ethical choices, and the results that emerged from their work in the site. These results will often be improved by feedback from participants about their experiences with the fieldwork and the effects of publication. 相似文献
19.
《The Information Society》2013,29(2):175-188
Three key values for ethical cyberspace research practices are evident in recent discussions: (1) protect the subjects from harm as a result of the research fieldwork and the research practices; (2) produce good social science research; and (3) do not unnecessarily perturb the phenomena studied. Much of the argumentation aims to negotiate the ethical conflicts that often emerge between these goals. Bakhtin argues that one can only strive for a bottom-up ethical wisdom built upon concrete examples, and disputes the possibility that rigid top-down application of universal rules constitutes ethical action. His perspective has key implications for ethical research practices. I illustrate this perspective at work through my recent fieldwork and writing practices in a virtual community. Research ethics for cyberspace are like research ethics for any other site. They should be situated, dialogic agreements that develop over time between researchers and the participants of the research study. It is unlikely that such research ethics can be abstractly codified, because there will often be differences between research sites, the situations of participants, and researcher goals. Researchers can, however, develop ethical wisdom that comes from experience with many configurations of research in cyberspace, and report on the conditions that grounded their ethical choices, and the results that emerged from their work in the site. These results will often be improved by feedback from participants about their experiences with the fieldwork and the effects of publication. 相似文献
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借助于现象学思想与方法的视角,人们能够进一步面向现代技术"本身",从技术知识、意向结构以及伦理关系等方面推进技术伦理建设,构建现代技术基础上的生活世界与和谐伦理关系,促进技术与人相互协同,推动现代技术健康发展。 相似文献