共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
Several cognitive psychologists have written about the importance of placing instruction within “authentic” contexts that mirror real-life situations. They argue that knowledge learned in academic settings does not necessarily transfer to non-academic settings. Whether preparing performance technologists or instructional designers, educators must strive to create meaningful problem-solving contexts that enable students to define, and subsequently solve, real-world problems. In an attempt to address this issue we have modified the way we teach instructional design. This paper discusses a cognitive apprenticeship approach to teaching design, which incorporates elements of modeling, coaching, reflection, articulation, and exploration. We describe how these features are embedded within three phases (orientation, situated training/learning, and exploration) of an introductory instructional design course designed to move our novice designers along a continuum of expertise as they develop and refine their own professional design skills. Although the apprenticeship model described here specifically addresses concerns within the context of preparing instructional designers, we believe that this model can be adapted to address similar issues in the education of performance technologists. 相似文献
3.
Eugenia Etkina Anna Karelina Maria Ruibal-Villasenor David Rosengrant Rebecca Jordan Cindy E. Hmelo-Silver 《学习科学杂志》2013,22(1):54-98
Design activities, when embedded in an inquiry cycle and appropriately scaffolded and supplemented with reflection, can promote the development of the habits of mind (scientific abilities) that are an important part of scientific practice. Through the Investigative Science Learning Environment (ISLE), students construct physics knowledge by engaging in inquiry cycles that replicate the approach used by physicists to construct knowledge. A significant portion of student learning occurs in ISLE instructional labs where students design their own experiments. The labs provide an environment for cognitive apprenticeship enhanced by formative assessment. As a result, students develop interpretive knowing that helps them approach new problems as scientists. This article describes a classroom study in which the students in the ISLE design lab performed equally well on traditional exams as ISLE students who did not engage in design activities. However, the design group significantly outperformed the non-design group while working on novel experimental tasks (in physics and biology), demonstrating the application of scientific abilities to an inquiry task in a novel content domain. This research shows that a learning environment that integrates cognitive apprenticeship and formative assessment in a series of conceptual design tasks provides a rich context for helping students build scientific habits of mind. 相似文献
4.
工匠精神的培育是职业教育的重要任务。培育工匠精神需要实施学徒式的教学,学徒课堂的价值指向包括工匠精神,二者紧密联系。学徒课堂培育工匠精神的理念有情境学习、自我效能、合作学习。学徒课堂上,工作化的教学任务为培育工匠精神构建认知基础,师徒化的师生关系为培育工匠精神催化职业情感,职场化的教学情境为培育工匠精神提供践行平台。师傅示范、学生演示、文艺欣赏、档案式学习、环境影响是学徒课堂培育工匠精神的主要策略。 相似文献
5.
Kath Fisher 《高等教育研究与发展》2003,22(3):313-325
Many university teachers in the social sciences and humanities, especially those interested in emancipatory educative practices, wish to see their students develop a capacity for critical reflection, considered essential for the development of higher-order thinking. However, critical reflection is rarely precisely defined nor are clear indications given about how teachers can develop appropriate criteria for assessing how well students reflect. This paper offers a framework for identifying indicators of a capacity for critical reflection in the social sciences, as well as demonstrating how criteria can be developed for assessing students' capability for critical reflection, including making distinctions between reflection on values, beliefs and assumptions. It is argued that offering clear criteria can assist in providing guidance to both students and teachers in developing critically reflective capacities. 相似文献
6.
H. F. M. De Bruijn 《Instructional Science》1995,23(4):221-241
When cognitive apprenticeship principles are compared with adult learning theories and in particular with learning theories concerning functionally illiterate adults, they have several aspects in common. In order to check these resemblances in practice and to explore at the same time the way in which the cognitive apprenticeship methods can be operationalized in a computer aided learning environment for adult basic education students, a computer program was designed in the domain of arithmetic.This article describes an experiment with this computer program in which the use of the operationalized cognitive apprenticeship methods was studied together with the effects of modelling and coaching on student performance.The results concerning the implementation of modelling and coaching showed that adult basic education students make little use of optional materials in the computer program. As a consequence of this no conclusions can be drawn concerning the effects of modelling and coaching on student performance. 相似文献
7.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to synthesize literature related to apprenticeship learning, the sociology of science, and K‐12 science education to develop a set of characteristics for designing/evaluating participatory science learning experiences. Following this discussion, we further clarify and illuminate the value of these characteristics for science educators by using them as evaluative criteria for characterizing the experiences of 24 middle school learners who embarked on a 2‐week long camp with “real” scientists engaged in “real” research. We also describe how middle school science teachers supported both reflection‐in‐practice and reflection‐on‐practice during the camp, and how an electronic notebook was also leveraged to support both types of reflection. Implications of these characteristics for science education more generally are discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 70–102, 2001 相似文献
8.
Mental constructions and constructions of web sites: learner and teacher points of view 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Orit Hazzan 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2004,35(3):323-344
This research focuses on knowledge and ways in which knowledge may be constructed in the learner's mind. Specifically, it addresses the Web as a cognitive supporter for learning, organising and constructing a new domain of knowledge. In particular, the research analyses student reflection on constructing web sites. The analysis is based on an ongoing reflection of 40 prospective and in‐service teachers who took a course on educational computational environments. The students were asked to choose a complex topic and to document the process of constructing a web site that would present their chosen topic. They were to reflect upon the process with regard to their decision making, difficulties encountered, ways of thinking, considerations and insights. Student reflection is analysed from two perspectives: the first perspective examines how the task of constructing a web site contributes to student learning of complex topics, the second perspective views the students as teachers who explore how constructing a web site contributes to their understanding of learning processes. 相似文献
9.
Lifelong learning is intentional learning that people engage in throughout their lives for personal and professional fulfillment and to improve the quality of their lives. In today's climate of continual change and innovation, lifelong learning is a critical educational goal. In order to prepare people for lifelong learning, educational opportunities must develop their capacity for self‐direction, metacognitive awareness, and disposition toward lifelong learning. Several instructional features facilitate the development of metacognitive and self‐directed learning skills, and the disposition to lifelong learning: (1) student autonomy, responsibility, and intentionality; (2) intrinsically motivating learning activities; (3) enculturation; (4) discourse and collaboration among learners; and (5) reflection. This article describes and presents examples of how three teaching methodologies—problem‐based learning, intentional learning environments, and cognitive apprenticeship—employ these instructional features. 相似文献
10.
认知学徒制作为一种科学的教学理论,强调在真实或类似于真实情境中培养学生的认知能力,是提高教学质量的有效方式,与高职教育教学中"以学为主"的教学理念相符。将认知学徒制应用于高职教学,其主要步骤包括:教师构建心智模型、实施指导和提供帮助,学生清晰表达、进行反思和独立探究,并接受企业培训等。 相似文献
11.
Radha Iyer Suzanne Carrington Louise Mercer Gitta Selva 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》2018,46(2):133-147
Experiential learning pathways within education programmes such as Service-learning are a means to enrich the learning of pre-service teachers. As a pathway, Service-learning provides value-oriented learning focused on inclusion, diversity, and difference. This paper adopts critical social theory to examine how, along with these values, critical Service-learning promotes a deeper comprehension of values such as empathy, civic responsibility, social justice, and equity. Our paper also studies how, along with values, enterprise skills develop when pre-service teachers adopt a self-responsible, decision-making approach to implementing inclusion, social justice, and equity. Fifty-one data sets from interviews, questionnaires, and reflection logs with two groups of students over two semesters were examined to comprehend the unique experiences of students as they navigated through values and enterprise skills. The study concludes by reiterating the value of incorporating nontraditional ways of learning that align with the traditional pedagogical offerings for pre-service teachers. 相似文献
12.
在数学教学中,教师较为注重学习结果的评价,缺少培养学生反思能力的主动、有效的训练,造成了学生数学反思意识缺失。反思是一种内隐的思维活动,需要借助外部条件的有效刺激才能逐步形成,教师要恰当利用时机,寻找合适的反思点,培养学生的反思意识,从而使学生巩固知识,拓宽思路,激活智慧,学会学习。 相似文献
13.
Remote learning solutions should account for important yet neglected aspects of contemporary learning environments, such as
the activities that occur during mentor relationships, or the affect of community on cognition. It may be possible to partially
replace the learning and motivation ordinarily provided by mentors and community through the marriage of a constructivist
cognitive teaching model and contemporary delivery platforms, such as cognitive apprenticeship and multimedia. This approach
is used in Convection Initiation, a multimedia training course designed to help weather forecasters interpret Doppler radar.
The course is discussed in this paper to illustrate how cognitive apprenticeship can be used as a framework for designs that
address the needs of a distributed learning environment. 相似文献
14.
Deborah Chetcuti Catherine Cutajar 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(18):3101-3124
This study explores the implementation of peer assessment with a group of students studying physics at Advanced level in a post-secondary school in Malta. The study that draws on action research methodology looks at how the views of students regarding peer assessment evolve as they engage with peer assessment. The research involved the actual implementation of an apprenticeship model of peer assessment and looked at the issues faced by the students. The results of the study show that students were very much immersed in a traditional assessment culture and needed to be trained to develop peer assessment skills. Student concerns related to fairness, regarding their abilities as assessors and dependence on the teacher as ‘expert’ remained unchanged as the students engaged with peer assessment. Successful implementation of peer assessment therefore requires a re-examination of the role of student and teachers as assessors within a safe learning environment. 相似文献
15.
Karen Vaughan 《Journal of Vocational Education & Training》2017,69(4):540-557
As a learning model, apprenticeship is well known for its capacity to develop skills and vocational identities. It is also increasingly appealing for its potential to develop soft skills and enhance dispositions. This article focuses on the nature and role of apprenticeship and employers in developing dispositions and soft skills. It draws on a two-year New Zealand study of 41 apprentices in general practice medicine, carpentry, and engineering technician work, and their workplace mentors and teachers. The study theorised that apprentices’ most significant learning is personally as well as professionally challenging, and can be understood in terms of ‘vocational thresholds’ – portals to deeper capability in the field. This article argues that crossing vocational thresholds requires ongoing development of dispositions and soft skills, critically supported by workplace mentors and teachers. The article suggests that the situated nature of apprenticeship uniquely positions it to foster dispositions and soft skills, and that these are field-specific and learnable, rather than general, abstract and fixed. 相似文献
16.
17.
Apprenticeships are required for many trades and can take different forms. In Sweden, one form can be viewed as a pathway where students complete a three-year-long vocational education in upper secondary school followed by a post-secondary apprenticeship in a particular trade. Another takes the form of vocational training within the framework of upper secondary school through an apprenticeship. This study analyses how a more clearly defined apprenticeship curriculum can provide sufficient knowledge to identify and understand learning outcomes in apprenticeships. A theoretical framework of an apprenticeship curriculum is used in the analytical work. The findings show that educational goals are often overlooked during apprenticeships, and thus a deliberative education is overridden by deliberative learning that stems from and is closely connected to the individual’s own perception of what to learn. By constituting an apprenticeship curriculum, this article contributes to an enhanced understanding of how to analyse vocational learning, and thus adds important elements to the research field. 相似文献
18.
Sandra Beth Schneider 《Educational Studies A Journal of the American Educational Studies Association》2015,51(4):284-299
This article presents an autoethnographic and theoretical reflection on my justifications for the use of neoliberal deconstruction in the undergraduate social foundations classroom. I engage the reader in a discussion concerning the need to make neoliberal agendas, as they pertain to corporate reform in education, salient to students. Further, I argue that cognitive apprenticeship is necessary to “help students map their own dialectics into thinking about their future practice as educators.” I share the integral elements of the cognitive apprenticeship undertaken in the course: “three prongs of foundational thinking,” four key conceptual frames for neoliberal deconstruction and associated foundational readings, and two representative assignments to illustrate the type of scaffolding offered to help education students move past naïve and complacent interpretations of current corporate reforms. My reflections rely on my teaching experience, in-class observations, assessment of students' work, and overarching themes in how students' have responded to the topic. 相似文献
19.
20.
Evode Mukama 《International Journal of Educational Research》2010,49(1):1-9
The purpose of this paper is to explore how university students can develop knowledge in small task-based groups while acquiring hands-on computer skills. Inspired by the sociocultural perspective, this study presents a theoretical framework on co-construction of knowledge and on computer-supported collaborative learning. The participants were selected from student teachers in Rwanda after a training program on searching, retrieving and exploiting web-based literature. The findings show that university students working together in small groups to acquire hands-on computer skills can adopt one of three major learning patterns: individual-led, group-led or individual-group hybrid-led. Moreover, the results indicate that the group-led framework seems to create a supportive environment for knowledge building. Nevertheless, university students showed a need for teacher support to enable them to focus on criterion-referenced reflection to regulate their learning. 相似文献