共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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研究目的 :探讨了 mt DNA D- loop多态性与澳大利亚自行车运动员的 VO2 max及优异耐力成绩的关系。研究结果 :前期研究发现虽然运动员组和对照组 VO2 max有显著性差异 ,但 mt DNA D- loop的多态性在两组的分布频率没有显著性差异 相似文献
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我国耐力运动员mtDNA高变区Ⅰ单核苷酸多态性与最大有氧能力的关联分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了探讨人类运动能力相关的基因标记与分子机制,对线粒体基因(mtDNA)高变区Ⅰ作了序列多态性分析.研究选取汉族耐力运动员94人,相应汉族对照92人,对其mtDNA高变区Ⅰ特异性片段进行扩增、测序,分析其单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)改变及其与最大有氧能力的相关性.结果显示我国汉族及其耐力运动员mtDNA HVR-Ⅰ多态频率大于10%的19个SNPs位点中,运动员有3个SNPs位点与最大摄氧量关联(np16297、np16362、np16085),其中,位点16362和16085剑桥序列女性VO2max/kg均显著高于非剑桥序列组(P＜0.05);位点16297剑桥序列组男性的VO2max/kg也显著高于非剑桥序列组(P＜0.05).结果提示,mtDNA高变区ⅠSNPs位点16362,16085和16297可能作为对人类运动能力的遗传标记,决定了个体有氧耐力水平及其对训练高敏感性. 相似文献
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短期高强度训练对优秀篮球运动员有氧耐力的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
为了调查短期高强度训练对篮球运动员有氧耐力的影响 ,对 2 0名 (男、女各 10名 )优秀篮球运动员 ,进行跑台渐增负荷运动直到力竭为止。同时测定气体代谢最大吸氧量 (VO2max)、通气量 (VE)、血乳酸(BLa)、心率 (HR)、血睾酮 (T)、皮质醇 (Cor)及血红蛋白 (Hb)。结果为 :1)短期高强度训练期后男、女两组无氧阈 (AT)值与训练前相比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但VO2max却未有显著性差异 ;2 )短期高强度训练期后男、女两组Hb值与训练前相比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而T、Cor在训练期前后却未有显著性差异。其结果表明 ,短期高强度训练并不能提高VO2max,而AT却明显提高。提示可采用AT值作为反映篮球运动员有氧耐力的指标。 相似文献
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最大耗氧量速度(vV.O2max)作为中长跑训练的一个强度指标可以有效地用来制定中长跑间歇训练和持续训练的训练计划和评定日常的训练效果。研究目的:通过4周vV.O2max强度的间歇训练和持续跑训练的实效性研究,首先是验证高强度的间歇训练对于提高受试者的有氧耐力方面是否优于持续跑训练;其次来评价高强度的间歇训练跑30/15组与15/15组在4周训练后对提高运动员有氧耐力和3000m跑成绩的效果优劣。研究方法:男性田径运动员18名,随机分成3组:1)40min70%v.VO2max持续跑训练组(A组);2)间歇跑15/15训练组(B组);3)间歇跑30/15训练组(C组)。训练前、后测试指标:vV.O2max、V.O2max、3000m成绩测定。研究结果:1).VO2max:间歇跑组(B组和C组)训练前、后均有显著性升高(P<0.05;P<0.01);A组训练前后无统计学意义的变化。2)vV.O2max:间歇跑组训练前后均有非常显著性的的提高(P<0.01),而A组训练前后无显著性差异。4)3000m跑成绩:C组训练前后有非常显著性的升高(P<0.01),A组和B组均有显著性升高(P<0.05)。结论:用vV.O... 相似文献
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目的：比较两种大强度间歇训练手段对优秀自行车运动员有氧运动能力的影响。方法：将15名备战全国“十三运”的云南省自行车队男子运动员随机分为3组， S组训练方案采用SIT/耐力训练， H组训练方案采用HIIT/耐力训练， C组为对照组，进行传统耐力性训练；训练持续3周。训练前后进行递增负荷测试和有氧运动能力测试，测试指标包括最大摄氧量绝对值（VO2max）、最大摄氧量相对值（VO2max/kg）、每分通气量（VE）、最大心率（HRmax），并通过公式计算每搏输出量（SV），以及测试递增负荷后即刻血乳酸（BLA）、最大有氧功率（P）和40 km个人计时成绩进行了测试。结果：（1）3周训练后，S组运动员VE、HRmax、SV、VO2max、VO2max/kg、P和ITT40km均较训练前有显著性提高（P＜0.05）；H组运动员VE、VO2max/kg、ITT40km较训练前有显著性增加（P＜0.05），BLA有显著性的下降（P＜0.05）。（2）S组运动员ΔVE、ΔHRmax、ΔSV、ΔVO2max、ΔVO2max/kg、ΔBLA、ΔITT40km显著提升（P＜0.05），且优于其余两组；H组仅ΔITT40km存在明显提升（P＜0.05）。结论：间歇训练结合耐力训练对优秀公路自行车运动员的呼吸系统、有氧供能系统可产生积极的影响；而且，SIT结合耐力训练较HIIT结合耐力训练或传统耐力训练更能提高公路自行车运动员的有氧代谢能力和有氧运动能力，训练效果更佳。 相似文献
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青少年篮球运动员供能特点的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用Wingate各项指标、MAOD值以及VO2max等对篮球运动员的供能特征进行研究,以同年龄段普通中学业余田径队员作为对照,结果为:篮球运动员的PK值大于同年龄段普通中学业余田径队员,说明该项目更多动用的是ATP-CP系统;而MP值及MAOD值无显著性差异,说明乳酸能系统的供能在该项目的能量代谢中并不占主要地位;此外,篮球运动员VO2max低于同年龄段业余田径队员,这可能与项目特点以及评价指标本身有关。 相似文献
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上海汉族优秀耐力运动员ACE基因I/D多态性与最大有氧能力(VO2max)的关联研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
采用PCR和breath by breath方法，对上海汉族55名优秀游泳运动员、60名优秀赛艇运动员和85名汉族普通人的ACE基因I／D多态性和VO2max进行检测。结果显示：1）上海汉族优秀游泳和赛艇运动员ACE基因的基因型和等位基因频率与上海和成都地区汉族普通人组无明显差异（P〉0．05）；与Caucasian人群相比，均存在非常显著性差异（P〈0．0001），表现出明显的民族和地区的差异性；游泳和赛艇项目健将和一级运动员间的基因型和等位基因频率分布，存在明显差异（P〈0．05）；游泳运动员水平越高，Ⅱ型所占比例就越高，赛艇运动员中水平越高，ID型的比例越大；2）不同基因型的游泳运动员的VO2max、VO2max／kg、VCO2max、VEmax、O2-plusemax、Wmax和Tmax等指标，均表现为Ⅱ型〉DD型〉ID型，Ⅱ型明显优于ID型（P〈0．05～0．01），而赛艇运动员则表现为ID型〉Ⅱ型〉DD型，ID明显优于DD型（P〈0．05～0．01）。结果提示，游泳项目中具有Ⅱ基因型或Ⅰ等位基因的运动员，赛艇项目中具有ID基因型或Ⅰ等位基因的运动员，可能属于运动训练敏感的高反应群体，经过多年系统科学的训练，具有成为优秀运动员的可能。ACE基因I／D多态性可作为运动训练和选材中高敏感的、非常重要的遗传标记之一。 相似文献
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目的:探讨高住高练低训对提高CBA后备男子篮球运动员有氧代谢能力的影响.方法:将所测试的24名陕西东盛俱乐部的后备男子篮球运动员随机分成两组,实验对照组(12名)和HiHiLo组(12名).对递增负荷运动时两组运动员的无氧阈(AT),血乳酸水平(lactate of blood)和最大摄氧量(VO2max)进行测定.结果:HiHiLo组无氧阈功率从实验前(152.84±24.92)W提高至实验后的(168.86±25.39)W(P<0.01).血乳酸指标在150W至240W时段低于其实验前水平(P<0.05和P<0.01).VO2max指标从实验前(52.65 ±4.87)ml/kg/min提高至实验后的(63.86±6.82)(P<0.05).实验对照组无氧阈功率、血乳酸水平和VO2max均无显著性变化(P>0.05).结论:高住高练低训可以有效提高男子篮球运动员的有氧代谢能力. 相似文献
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冬奥会前高原备战对国家女子短道速滑队主力运动员有氧运动能力的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对6名国家女子短道速滑队主力运动员1个月的高原备战前后与有氧运动能力相关指标的测量、分析以及变化规律的研究,为大赛前高原备战模式在短道速滑运动中应用提供理论与实践依据;方法:6名国家女子短道速滑队主力运动员进行为期1个月的高原备战训练,训练计划由国家队主教练统一制定,高原备战训练前、后1周内采用功率自行车递增负荷的实验方式进行测试,.VO2max采用.VO22000 Breeze Lite气体分析仪直接测试,血乳酸采用H2 L4550491测试仪利用分光光度法取即时耳血测试;结果:高原备战后运动员体重变化没有显著意义,.VO2max、最高心率、最大功率等相关指标显著性提高(P<0.05),无氧乳酸阈、乳酸阈功率显著性提高(P<0.05),运动后血乳酸显著下降(P<0.05);结论:高原备战可以有效地提高优秀女子短道速滑运动员的.VO2max和无氧乳酸阈值,从而能够明显提高其有氧运动能力。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to determine the alterations in oxygen uptake kinetics following endurance training in previously trained athletes. Sixteen competitive cyclists completed 8 weeks of supervised endurance cycle training. Ventilatory threshold, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), oxygen uptake kinetics and simulated 40-km time-trial tests were performed three times over a 4-week period before training, and then after 4 and 8 weeks of training. The protocol for measuring oxygen uptake kinetics consisted of three square-wave increments from unloaded cycling to a power output of 78 W followed by a single increment from 78 to 156 W. No significant differences in any variables were observed over the pre-training period. The ventilatory threshold and VO2max increased, and the time for 40 km decreased (P < 0.05) with training. Shorter VO2 time constants and lower heart rates were observed during the protocol for measuring oxygen uptake kinetics (same absolute power output) post-training. These results indicate that oxygen uptake kinetics may be improved with endurance training in previously trained athletes. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to assess which of the equations that estimate peak power output and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in the velodrome adapt best to the measurements made by reference systems. Thirty-four endurance cyclists and triathletes performed one incremental test in the laboratory and two tests in the velodrome. Maximal oxygen uptake and peak power output were measured with an indirect calorimetry system in the laboratory and with the SRM training system in the velodrome. The peak power output and VO2max of the field test were estimated by means of different equations. The agreement between the estimated and the reference values was assessed with the Bland-Altman method. The equation of Olds et al. (1995) showed the best agreement with respect to the peak power output reference values, and that of McCole et al. (1990) was the only equation to show good agreement with respect to the VO2max reference values. The VO2max values showed a higher coefficient of determination with respect to maximal aerobic speed when they were expressed in relative terms. In conclusion, the equations of Olds et al. (1995) and McCole et al. (1990) were best at estimating peak power output and VO2max in the velodrome, respectively. 相似文献
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Endurance running performance in athletes with asthma 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Laboratory assessment was made during maximal and submaximal exercise on 16 endurance trained male runners with asthma (aged 35 +/- 9 years) (mean +/- S.D.). Eleven of these asthmatic athletes had recent performance times over a half-marathon, which were examined in light of the results from the laboratory tests. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the group was 61.8 +/- 6.3 ml kg-1 min-1 and the maximum ventilation (VEmax) was 138.7 +/- 24.7 l min-1. These maximum cardio-respiratory responses to exercise were positively correlated to the degree of airflow obstruction, defined as the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (expressed as a percentage of predicted normal). The half-marathon performance times of 11 of the athletes ranged from those of recreational to elite runners (82.4 +/- 8.8 min, range 69-94). Race pace was correlated with VO2max (r = 0.863, P less than 0.01) but the highest correlation was with the running velocity at a blood lactate concentration of 2 mmol l-1 (r = 0.971, P less than 0.01). The asthmatic athletes utilized 82 +/- 4% VO2max during the half-marathon, which was correlated with the %VO2max at 2 mmol l-1 blood lactate (r = 0.817, P less than 0.01). The results of this study suggest that athletes with mild to moderate asthma can possess high VO2max values and can develop a high degree of endurance fitness, as defined by their ability to sustain a high percentage of VO2max over an endurance race. In athletes with more severe airflow obstruction, the maximum ventilation rate may be reduced and so VO2max may be impaired. The athletes in the present study have adapted to this limitation by being able to sustain a higher %VO2max before the accumulation of blood lactate, which is an advantage during an endurance race. Therefore, with appropriate training and medication, asthmatics can successfully participate in endurance running at a competitive level. 相似文献
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Development of maximal oxygen uptake in young elite male cross-country skiers: a longitudinal study.
F Ingjer 《Journal of sports sciences》1992,10(1):49-63
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extensive endurance training (15-25 h per week) on the development of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) in boys from puberty. Maximal oxygen uptake was measured a number of times each year from the age of puberty and for the next 6-9 years in seven young male elite cross-country skiers. Mean VO2 max was measured as 76.3 and 80.1 ml kg-1 min-1 at the ages of 14 and 15 years respectively. Despite the fast rate of growth during puberty, maximal aerobic power showed seasonal variations from the age of 14, reaching a plateau at the age of 15, whereas VO2 max (ml kg-2/3 min-1) increased continuously. It is concluded that, during puberty, boys probably attain significant increases in VO2 max when appropriate amounts of endurance training are undertaken. 相似文献
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Sodium bicarbonate ingestion does not alter the slow component of oxygen uptake kinetics in professional cyclists 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Santalla A Pérez M Montilla M Vicente L Davison R Earnest C Lucía A 《Journal of sports sciences》2003,21(1):39-47
We examined the effects of pre-exercise sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion on the slow component of oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics in seven professional road cyclists during intense exercise. One hour after ingesting either a placebo or NaHCO3 (0.3 g x kg body mass(-1)), each cyclist (age, 25 +/- 2 years; VO2max, 74.7 +/- 5.9 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1); mean +/- s) performed two bouts of 6 min duration at an intensity of 90% VO2max interspersed by 8 min of active recovery. Gas exchange and blood data (pH, blood lactate concentration and [HCO3-]) were collected during the tests. In both bouts, the slow component of VO2 was defined as the difference between end-exercise VO2 and the VO2 at the end of the third minute. No significant difference was found in the slow component of VO2 between conditions in the first (NaHCO3, 210 +/- 69 ml; placebo, 239 +/- 105 ml) or second trial (NaHCO3, 123 +/- 88 ml; placebo, 197 +/- 101 ml). In conclusion, pre-exercise NaHCO3 ingestion did not significantly attenuate the VO2 slow component of professional road cyclists during high-intensity exercise. 相似文献
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I Stewart L McNaughton P Davies S Tristram 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1990,61(1):80-84
It is known that an increased level of red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) shifts the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right, thus allowing a greater unloading of oxygen at the tissue level. It has been hypothesized that phosphate might help increase VO2max by increasing 2,3-DPG level. Eight trained cyclists underwent three cycle ergometer tests (control, placebo, and experimental) to determine whether phosphate ingestion had any positive effect on VO2max, time to exhaustion, serum 2,3-DPG, and serum phosphate levels. We found no change between the control, placebo, or experimental conditions in pretest serum phosphate levels, but we did find increases in 2,3-DPG levels in the phosphate condition (p less than .05), which suggests that even a small amount of phosphate could increase levels of 2,3-DPG. We also found significant differences in VO2max between the control (p less than .05) and placebo (p less than .02) conditions and also in time to exhaustion between the three conditions (p less than .05). We suggest that phosphate may have an ergogenic effect, but clearly more work needs to be undertaken to ascertain the amount of phosphate required and the magnitude of the effect. 相似文献
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The power output achieved at peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and the time this power can be maintained (i.e., Tmax) have been used in prescribing high-intensity interval training. In this context, the present study examined temporal aspects of the VO2 response to exercise at the cycling power that output well trained cyclists achieve their VO2peak (i.e., Pmax). Following a progressive exercise test to determine VO2peak, 43 well trained male cyclists (M age = 25 years, SD = 6; M mass = 75 kg, SD = 7; M VO2peak = 64.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), SD = 5.2) performed two Tmax tests 1 week apart. Values expressed for each participant are means and standard deviations of these two tests. Participants achieved a mean VO2peak during the Tmax test after 176 s (SD = 40; M = 74% of Tmax, SD = 12) and maintained it for 66 s (SD = 39; M = 26% of Tmax, SD = 12). Additionally, they obtained mean 95% of VO2peak after 147 s (SD = 31; M = 62% of Tmax, SD = 8) and maintained it for 95 s (SD = 38; M = 38% of Tmax, SD = 8). These results suggest that 60-70% of Tmax is an appropriate exercise duration for a population of well trained cyclists to attain VO2peak during exercise at Pmax. However, due to intraparticipant variability in the temporal aspects of the VO2 response to exercise at Pmax, future research is needed to examine whether individual high-intensity interval training programs for well trained endurance athletes might best be prescribed according to an athlete's individual VO2 response to exercise at Pmax. 相似文献
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有氧代谢能力与耐力项目训练中运动强度的选择 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
全面阐述了有氧代谢能力的概念，提出了最大摄氧量、无氧阈、最大摄氧量平台的持续时间都应是耐力训练的目标。在此基础上讨论了发展此3项目标应采用的训练强度。 相似文献