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在儿童社会性发展过程中,家庭、幼儿园、社会是三大影响因素。家庭是儿童的主要生活环境,儿童最初的基本生活技能和基本生活规范主要通过家庭获得。大量的研究表明：家庭教育与儿童特别是婴幼儿的心理健康、认知发展、个性和社会性发展关系密切;①儿童的社会性发展主要包括社会性情感的发展、社会性认知的发展与社会交往行为、能力和人际关系的发展等等。②父母在这些发展过程中具有不可替代的重要作用。 一、父母是儿童依恋的主要对象,是儿童社会性情感的激发者和培养者 依恋是个体生命早期对特定个体形成的情感联系,它构成儿童早期生… 相似文献
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情绪调节策略是个体为了达到情绪调节的目的而有意图、有计划的努力和做法。情绪调节策略影响个体情绪调节的能力和水平。了解儿童情绪调节策略的类型和发展特点、帮助儿童掌握良好的情绪调节策略,对于促进积极情绪调节能力的形成、维护心理健康具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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国外儿童心理治疗与干预中的情绪研究述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
情绪具有促使个体适应环境的功能,在个体身心发展中起着重要作用.来自临床心理学的研究表明,问题儿童在情绪能力上存在这样那样的缺失,来自神经心理研究的结果则表明情绪的神经通路具有可塑性,理论研究则认为语言干预和认知训练能够促进儿童情绪能力的发展.基于此,在临床实践中,心理学工作者发展了多种以情绪为焦点的咨询与治疗模式,如促进选择性思维策略、情绪课程和情境情绪调节疗法.经验证明,这些模式对特定问题是有效的. 相似文献
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情绪调节是儿童认知发展的一个重要方面.儿童时期个体的努力控制直接影响着其情绪调节能力的发展以及个体情绪表达方式的发展.执行注意系统是努力控制的基础,儿童执行注意系统的发展使得儿童能够更好地控制刺激和反应,提高对冲突情景的应变能力,在反应性上提高个体的情绪调节能力. 相似文献
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儿童情绪调节的发展及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
情绪调节既是人类适应社会生活的关键机制,也是个体社会性发展的重要方面.儿童情绪调节能力的发展主要表现为独立性日益增强、随意性不断发展以及调节策略的复杂性逐渐增加.亲子互动水平和儿童人格特质是影响儿童情绪调节能力发展的重要因素.本文回顾了儿童情绪调节发展研究进展,并提出未来研究应进一步探讨的问题. 相似文献
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婴儿期是个体情绪调节发展的起点,也是最关键的时期之一.看护者对婴儿的情绪调节发展有着重要影响,各个理论模型从不同角度阐述了看护者在婴儿情绪调节发展中的作用及其机制:依恋系统激活和动力模型强调看护者的可得性对婴儿情绪调节的影响,自我决定理论强调看护者的敏感性对婴儿情绪调节的影响,社会学习理论强调看护者的回应策略对婴儿情绪调节的影响,共同调节模型理论强调看护者的依随行为对婴儿情绪调节的影响.文章着重梳理了四大理论模型,并提出了未来研究应进一步探讨的问题. 相似文献
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1.情绪理解、情绪调节与同伴接纳情绪具有建立、维持和改变个体与外界关系的功能,这种功能在个体身上表现为一种能力,即情绪能力。它主要包括情绪理解和情绪调节两个方面。研究表明,学前阶段是儿童情绪理解能力迅速发展的时期。3岁儿童已经能根据表情线索和情境线索判断他人的情绪状态,随着年龄的增长,儿童逐渐能够理解混合情绪,评价引发情绪的原因。情绪理解 相似文献
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幼儿情绪能力是指个体察觉、理解自己与他人的情绪,并在此基础上进行适当表达、调节控制,以帮助自己应对挑战、达成目标以及有效参与社交互动的适应性情绪反应.情绪能力对儿童社会适应性发展、学业成就、社会能力发展均有重要的影响.教师作为儿童发展过程中的重要他人,在儿童情绪能力发展过程中扮演着关键角色.目前在教师培养儿童社会适应能力方面已经有大量的研究,但是对于教师如何影响儿童情绪能力发展的研究还较少.本文主要从教师对儿童情绪表达的回应、教师影响儿童情绪能力发展的因素以及促进儿童情绪能力发展的策略三个方面对相关研究进行述评. 相似文献
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Emotional Determinants of Infant-Mother Attachment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Carroll E. Izard O. Maurice Haynes Gail Chisholm Katherine Baak 《Child development》1991,62(5):906-917
The present study examined the assumption that emotion-related characteristics of mothers and infants contribute to the development of infant-mother attachment in the first year of life. Mothers' emotion and personality characteristics were assessed with expressive-behavior ratings and self-report scales. Infant characteristics were measured by emotion and temperament questionnaires (mother report) and objective coding of facial expressions of emotions. Attachment classifications were determined by means of the Strange Situation procedure, and a continuous-variable index of attachment security was derived by a discriminant function procedure. Mothers' emotion experiences, expressive behaviors, and personality traits were significant predictors of the level of security of the infant-mother attachment. Infants' expressive and temperamental characteristics as rated by their mothers were also significant predictors of attachment security. 相似文献
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Social information processing, security of attachment, and emotion regulation in children with learning disabilities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study examined the contribution of attachment security and emotion regulation (ER) to the explanation of social information processing (SIP) in middle childhood boys with learning disabilities (LD) and without LD matched on age and grade level. Children analyzed four social vignettes using Dodge's SIP model and completed the Kerns security scale and the children's self-control scale. Study results demonstrated major difficulties in SIP, lower attachment security, and less ER in children with LD compared to children without LD. Attachment as well as the interaction between attachment and ER emerged as important contributors to most SIP steps, suggesting that children with higher security who also have better ER skills will have better SIP capabilities along the different steps, beyond group inclusion. Results were discussed in terms of practical and clinical implications regarding the importance of mother-child attachment and ER skills for social cognitive capabilities in children with LD. 相似文献
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Child abuse and neglect in infancy: sources of hostility within the parent-infant dyad and disorders of attachment in infancy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J D Call 《Child abuse & neglect》1984,8(2):185-202
The human infant is prepared during fetal life and arrives on the scene ready to participate actively as a partner with the parent in structuring his own development. Parents are normally prepared for this participant activity by achieving a high degree of sensitivity to the signals of distress of and by the infant's affective engagement with them. The meaning of ordinary distress signals is in instances of child abuse and neglect determined by an unconscious mythology which the parent has about the infant, and also by what the parent finds unacceptable in oneself and projects onto the infant. The recent research on mother-infant attachment is reviewed. Landmarks for normal attachment behaviors from birth to age 3 are defined within seven different age groupings, and the psychiatric syndrome, "Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy," is described and is found almost universally in failure to thrive without organic cause babies. The diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder is preferable because it leads to appropriate preventive and interventive action. 相似文献
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杨丽华 《昆明师范高等专科学校学报》2007,29(1):105-108
幼儿歌唱活动是幼儿艺术教育领域的一个重要组成部分,它从幼儿歌唱的角度促进幼儿情感、态度、能力、知识、技能的全面发展。因此,幼儿歌唱活动既要重视对幼儿情感、审美情趣的培养,又不能忽视对幼儿进行知识和技能的培养。我们强调的是不要“过份”强调“知识和技能”,但并不等于不要知识和技能。如果我们“过份”强调对幼儿进行知识和技能的训练,必然会限制教师和孩子们的想象力和创造力的发挥,这是片面的。因此,幼儿歌唱教育活动应当是促进幼儿的全面发展。 相似文献
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Attention to Faces Expressing Negative Emotion at 7 Months Predicts Attachment Security at 14 Months 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mikko J. Peltola Linda Forssman Kaija Puura Marinus H. van IJzendoorn Jukka M. Leppänen 《Child development》2015,86(5):1321-1332
To investigate potential infant‐related antecedents characterizing later attachment security, this study tested whether attention to facial expressions, assessed with an eye‐tracking paradigm at 7 months of age (N = 73), predicted infant–mother attachment in the Strange Situation Procedure at 14 months. Attention to fearful faces at 7 months predicted attachment security, with a smaller attentional bias to fearful expressions associated with insecure attachment. Attachment disorganization in particular was linked to an absence of the age‐typical attentional bias to fear. These data provide the first evidence linking infants' attentional bias to negative facial expressions with attachment formation and suggest reduced sensitivity to facial expressions of negative emotion as a testable trait that could link attachment disorganization with later behavioral outcomes. 相似文献
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Mother-child discourse, attachment security, shared positive affect, and early conscience development 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The separate literatures on parental discipline, maternal discourse about emotion, and autobiographical memory support the idea that parent-child discourse in the context of a supportive relationship plays a role in a child's early conscience development, and this study was designed to examine this issue. Forty-two preschool children and their mothers took part in a 45-min structured laboratory session, and at their homes, mothers completed the Attachment Q-Set. As part of the laboratory session, each mother was asked to discuss with her child one incident that occurred within the last week in which her child behaved well and one in which her child misbehaved. These conversations were transcribed verbatim and coded for maternal references to feelings, rules, consequences of the child's actions, and moral evaluatives. Each child also took part in a behavioral measure of internalization and several compliance tasks, and mothers completed a maternal report of the child's early conscience development. Consistent with attachment theory, attachment security predicted maternal and child references to feelings and moral evaluatives. Attachment security, shared positive affect between the mother and child, and maternal references to feelings and moral evaluatives also predicted specific aspects of early conscience development. 相似文献
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Mariëlle D. Beijersbergen Marian J. Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marinus H. Van IJzendoorn Femmie Juffer 《Child development》2008,79(6):1707-1720
The current study examined whether adolescents’ attachment representations were associated with differences in emotion regulation during the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; C. George, N. Kaplan, & M. Main, 1996 ) and during a mother–adolescent conflict interaction task (Family Interaction Task [FIT]; J. P. Allen et al., 2003 ). Participants were one hundred and fifty‐six 14‐year‐old adolescents. Dismissing adolescents showed less interbeat interval (IBI) reactivity (indicating less stress) during the AAI than secure adolescents. However, during the FIT, dismissing adolescents showed more IBI reactivity. No differences in physiological reactivity were found between individuals with resolved or unresolved loss or trauma during the AAI or FIT. The results indicate that dismissing adolescents may effectively use a defensive strategy during the AAI but less so in direct conflict interaction with their attachment figure. 相似文献
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Attachment and Emotion Regulation during Mother-Teen Problem Solving: A Control Theory Analysis 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
R. Rogers Kobak Holland E. Cole Rayanne Ferenz-Gillies William S. Fleming Wendy Gamble 《Child development》1993,64(1):231-245
We present a control theory analysis of adolescents' attachment strategies in the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). In Study 1, Q-sort prototypes for secure/anxious and deactivating/hyperactivating strategies were used to differentiate between Main and Goldwyn's AAI classifications. In Study 2, we examined how AAI strategies were associated with emotion regulation during mother-teen problem solving. 4 aspects of mother-teen problem solving (dysfunctional anger, support/validation, avoidance of problem solving, and maternal dominance) were used to predict teens' AAI strategies. Teens with secure strategies engaged in problem-solving discussions characterized by less dysfunctional anger and less avoidance of problem solving. In addition, attachment security showed a curvilinear relation with maternal dominance, indicating that secure teens maintained balanced assertiveness with their mothers. Teens with deactivating strategies engaged in problem-solving interactions characterized by higher levels of maternal dominance and dysfunctional anger. The contribution of attachment strategies to teens' autonomy and to transformations in mother-teen relationships is discussed. 相似文献
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《Early education and development》2013,24(2):181-191
This study investigated deaf children's "security of attachment" relationships with their hearing parents and the relationship of parental attitudes toward deafness. Subjects included 30 deaf children and their hearing parents. The children ranged in age from 20 to 60 months. Instruments used included the Attachment Q-Set, the Attitudes to Deafness Scale, and parental interviews. As a group there were no differences between security of attachment scores of deaf children toward either of their parents; however, there were marked differences within individual dyads of mother–child/father–child relationships. In addition, negative correlations were found between parents' attitudes towards deafness scores and their deaf children's security of attachment scores. Implications for the field include the importance of inclusion of fathers in attachment studies and fathers' active participation in early intervention programs. The relationship between parental attitudes toward their children's disability (deafness) and attachment relationship provides further evidence for the critical role of early intervention in the development of children with special needs. 相似文献
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Azar Hadadian 《Early education and development》1995,6(2):181-191
This study investigated deaf children's "security of attachment" relationships with their hearing parents and the relationship of parental attitudes toward deafness. Subjects included 30 deaf children and their hearing parents. The children ranged in age from 20 to 60 months. Instruments used included the Attachment Q-Set, the Attitudes to Deafness Scale, and parental interviews. As a group there were no differences between security of attachment scores of deaf children toward either of their parents; however, there were marked differences within individual dyads of mother-child/father-child relationships. In addition, negative correlations were found between parents' attitudes towards deafness scores and their deaf children's security of attachment scores. Implications for the field include the importance of inclusion of fathers in attachment studies and fathers' active participation in early intervention programs. The relationship between parental attitudes toward their children's disability (deafness) and attachment relationship provides further evidence for the critical role of early intervention in the development of children with special needs. 相似文献