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1.
Abstract

The aim of this study was to objectively quantify ratings of perceived enjoyment using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale following high-intensity interval running versus moderate-intensity continuous running. Eight recreationally active men performed two running protocols consisting of high-intensity interval running (6×3 min at 90% [Vdot]O2max interspersed with 6×3 min active recovery at 50% [Vdot]O2max with a 7-min warm-up and cool down at 70% [Vdot]O2max) or 50 min moderate-intensity continuous running at 70% [Vdot]O2max. Ratings of perceived enjoyment after exercise were higher (P < 0.05) following interval running compared with continuous running (88 ± 6 vs. 61 ± 12) despite higher (P < 0.05) ratings of perceived exertion (14 ± 1 vs. 13 ± 1). There was no difference (P < 0.05) in average heart rate (88 ± 3 vs. 87 ± 3% maximum heart rate), average [Vdot]O2 (71 ± 6 vs. 73 ± 4%[Vdot]O2max), total [Vdot]O2 (162 ± 16 vs. 166 ± 27 L) or energy expenditure (811 ± 83 vs. 832 ± 136 kcal) between protocols. The greater enjoyment associated with high-intensity interval running may be relevant for improving exercise adherence, since running is a low-cost exercise intervention requiring no exercise equipment and similar relative exercise intensities have previously induced health benefits in patient populations.  相似文献   

2.
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of ingesting 75?g of glucose 45?min before the start of a graded exercise test to exhaustion on the determination of the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax). Eleven moderately trained individuals ( V?O2max: 58.9±1.0?ml?·?kg?1?·?min?1; mean±sx¯ ), who had fasted overnight, performed two graded exercise tests to exhaustion, one 45?min after ingesting a placebo drink and one 45?min after ingesting 75?g of carbohydrate in the form of glucose. The tests started at 95?W and the workload was increased by 35?W every 3?min. Gas exchange measures and heart rate were recorded throughout exercise. Fat oxidation rates were calculated using stoichiometric equations. Blood samples were collected at rest and at the end of each stage of the test. Maximal fat oxidation rates decreased from 0.46±0.06 to 0.33±0.06?g?·?min?1 when carbohydrate was ingested before the start of exercise (P?<0.01). There was also a decrease in the intensity which elicited maximal fat oxidation (60.1±1.9% vs 52.0±3.4% V?O2max) after carbohydrate ingestion (P?<0.05). Maximal power output was higher in the carbohydrate than in the placebo trial (346±12 vs 332±12?W) (P?<0.05). In conclusion, the ingestion of 75?g of carbohydrate 45?min before the onset of exercise decreased Fatmax by 14%, while the maximal rate of fat oxidation decreased by 28%.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

Power output and heart rate were monitored for 11 months in one female ([Vdot]O2max: 71.5 mL · kg?1 · min?1) and ten male ([Vdot]O2max: 66.5 ± 7.1 mL · kg?1 · min?1) cyclists using SRM power-meters to quantify power output and heart rate distributions in an attempt to assess exercise intensity and to relate training variables to performance. In total, 1802 data sets were divided into workout categories according to training goals, and power output and heart rate intensity zones were calculated. The ratio of mean power output to respiratory compensation point power output was calculated as an intensity factor for each training session and for each interval during the training sessions. Variability of power output was calculated as a coefficient of variation. There was no difference in the distribution of power output and heart rate for the total season (P = 0.15). Significant differences were observed during high-intensity workouts (P < 0.001). Performance improvements across the season were related to low-cadence strength workouts (P < 0.05). The intensity factor for intervals was related to performance (P < 0.01). The variability in power output was inversely associated with performance (P < 0.01). Better performance by cyclists was characterized by lower variability in power output and higher exercise intensities during intervals.  相似文献   

4.
This study compared the effects of 12-week sprint interval training (SIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (V?O2peak), body mass and insulin sensitivity in overweight females. Forty-two overweight women (age 21.2 ± 1.4 years, BMI 26.3 ± 2.5 kg·m?2) were randomized to the groups of SIT (80 × 6-s sprints + 9-s rest), and isoenergetic (300KJ) HIIT (~9 × 4-min cycling at 90% V?O2peak + 3-min rest) and MICT (cycling at 60% V?O2peak for ~ 61-min). Training intervention was performed 3 d·week?1 for 12 weeks. After intervention, all three groups induced the same improvement in V?O2peak (~ +25%, p < 0.001) and a similar reduction in body mass (~ – 5%, p < 0.001). Insulin sensitivity and fasting insulin levels were improved significantly on post-training measures in SIT and HIIT by ~26% and ~39% (p < 0.01), respectively, but remain unchanged in MICT. In contrast, fasting glucose levels were only reduced with MICT (p < 0.01). The three training strategies are equally effective in improving V?O2peak and reducing body mass, however, the SIT is time-efficient. High-intensity training (i.e. SIT and HIIT) seems to be more beneficial than MICT in improving insulin sensitivity.

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; CVD: cardiovascular disease; HIEG: hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic glucose; HIIT: high-intensity interval training; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HR: heart rate; MICT: moderate-intensity continuous training; RPE: ratings of perceived exertion; SIT: sprint interval training; T2D: type 2 diabetes; V?O2peak: peak oxygen consumption  相似文献   


5.
Abstract

Mountain biking is a popular recreational pursuit and the physiological demands of cross-country style riding have been well documented. However, little is known regarding the growing discipline of gravity-assisted downhill cycling. We characterised the physiological demands of downhill mountain biking under typical riding conditions. Riding oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O2) and heart rate (HR) were measured on 11 male and eight female experienced downhill cyclists and compared with data during a standardised incremental to maximum ([Vdot]O2max) exercise test. The mean [Vdot]O2 while riding was 23.1 ± 6.9 ml · kg?1 · min?1 or 52 ± 14% of [Vdot]O2max with corresponding heart rates of 146 ± 11 bpm (80 ± 6% HRmax). Over 65% of the ride was in a zone at or above an intensity level associated with improvements in health-related fitness. However, the participants’ heart rates and ratings of perceived exertion were artificially inflated in comparison with the actual metabolic demands of the downhill ride. Substantial muscular fatigue was evident in grip strength, which decreased 5.4 ± 9.4 kg (5.5 ± 11.2%, P = 0.03) post-ride. Participation in downhill mountain biking is associated with significant physiological demands, which are in a range associated with beneficial effects on health-related fitness.  相似文献   

6.
Abstract

Previous investigations have revealed that in well-trained middle-distance runners, oxygen uptake (VO2) does not attain maximal values (VO2max) in exhaustive treadmill trials where the VO2 demand exceeds VO2max. To date, this shortfall in the VO2 attained has been demonstrated in trials as short as 2 min in duration. In this study, we investigated whether a reduction in exhaustive test duration influences the VO2 attained during running on a treadmill. Six middle-distance runners participated in the study, completing an exhaustive 400 m and 800 m trial. These trials, together with a progressive test to determine VO2max, were completed in a counterbalanced order. Oxygen uptakes attained during the 400 m and 800 m trials were compared to examine the influence of exhaustive test duration. A plateau in VO2 was observed in all participants for the progressive test, demonstrating the attainment of VO2max. The mean speed, duration, and resulting distance in the constant-speed exhaustive trials were 25.8 km · h?1 (s=1.2), 55.8 s (s=2.3), and 400.2 m (s=20.2) for the 400 m trial, and 24.3 km · h?1 (s=0.8), 108.4 s (s=21.2), and 730.1 m (s=129.1) for the 800 m trial, respectively. A paired-samples t-test revealed a significantly different (P=0.018)%VO2max was attained for the 400 m (85.7%, s=3.0) and 800 m (89.1%, s=5.0) trials. In conclusion, VO2 did not reach VO2max during the exhaustive constant-speed 400 m and 800 m trials, but the test duration does influence the%VO2max achieved. Specifically, the VO2 attained becomes progressively further below VO2max as trial duration is reduced, such that 89% and 86% VO2max is achieved in exhaustive 800 m and 400 m constant-speed trials, respectively.  相似文献   

7.
In order to assess the possible occurrence of acute haemolysis with prolonged exertion, serum haptoglobin levels were determined from venous blood samples collected from eight male runners immediately preceding (PreRH), immediately following (PRH1), and 6 h following (PRH2) completion of a marathon road race. The subjects’ mean age, percentage of body fat, and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) were 46 ± 9 years, 12.1 ± 3.4% and 54.9 ± 8.4 ml kg‐1 min‐1, respectively. The mean race finish time for the subjects was 3:35 ± O: 18 h:min. The PreRH, PRH1 and PRH2 averaged 129 ± 18, 97 ± 48 and 86 ± 35 mg dl‐1 respectively. Significant differences of –32.5 mg dl‐1 between PreRH versus PRH1 and –42.5 mg dl‐1 between PreRH versus PRH2 were found. The difference between PRH1 and PRH2 of –10.6 mg dl‐1 was not significant. No significant correlations were found between the decreases in serum haptoglobin and VO2max or race finish time. The data suggest the occurrence of an acute haemolysis with performance of the marathon road race.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

Maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2max) is considered the optimal method to assess aerobic fitness. The measurement of [Vdot]O2max, however, requires special equipment and training. Maximal exercise testing with determination of maximal power output offers a more simple approach. This study explores the relationship between [Vdot]O2max and maximal power output in 247 children (139 boys and 108 girls) aged 7.9–11.1 years. Maximal oxygen uptake was measured by indirect calorimetry during a maximal ergometer exercise test with an initial workload of 30 W and 15 W · min?1 increments. Maximal power output was also measured. A sample (n = 124) was used to calculate reference equations, which were then validated using another sample (n = 123). The linear reference equation for both sexes combined was: [Vdot]O2max (ml · min?1) = 96 + 10.6 · maximal power + 3.5 · body mass. Using this reference equation, estimated [Vdot]O2max per unit of body mass (ml · min?1 · kg?1) calculated from maximal power correlated closely with the direct measurement of [Vdot]O2max (r = 0.91, P <0.001). Bland-Altman analysis gave a mean limits of agreement of 0.2±2.9 (ml · min?1 · kg?1) (1 s). Our results suggest that maximal power output serves as a good surrogate measurement for [Vdot]O2max in population studies of children aged 8–11 years.  相似文献   

9.
ABSTRACT

This study aimed to compare mechanical variables derived from torque-cadence and power-cadence profiles established from different cycle ergometer modes (isoinertial and isokinetic) and modelling procedures (second- and third-order polynomials), whilst employing a novel method to validate the theoretical maximal power output (Pmax). Nineteen well-trained cyclists (n = 12 males) completed two experimental sessions comprising six, 6-s maximal isoinertial or isokinetic cycling sprints. Maximal pedal strokes were extracted to construct power–cadence relationships using second- and third-order polynomials. A 6-s sprint at the optimal cadence (Fopt) or optimal resistance (Topt) was performed to assess construct validity of Pmax. No differences were found in the mechanical parameters when derived from isokinetic (Pmax = 1311 ± 415, Fopt = 118 ± 12) or isoinertial modes (Pmax = 1320 ± 421, Fopt = 116 ± 19). However, R2 improved (P < 0.02) when derived from isoinertial sprints. Third-order polynomial modelling improved goodness of fit values (Standard Error, adjusted R2), but derived similar mechanical parameters. Finally, peak power output during the optimised sprint did not significantly differ from the theoretical Pmax in both cycling modes, thus providing construct validity. The most accurate P-C profile can be derived from isoinertial cycling sprints, modelled using third-order polynomial equations.  相似文献   

10.
We tested the hypothesis that work-matched supramaximal intermittent warm-up improves final-sprint power output to a greater degree than submaximal constant-intensity warm-up during the last 30?s of a 120-s supramaximal exercise simulating the final sprint during sports events lasting approximately 2?min. Ten male middle-distance runners performed a 120-s supramaximal cycling exercise consisting of 90?s of constant-workload cycling at a workload corresponding to 110% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) followed by 30?s of maximal-effort cycling. This exercise was preceded by 1) no warm-up (Control), 2) a constant-workload cycling warm-up at a workload of 60%VO2max for 6?min and 40?s, or 3) a supramaximal intermittent cycling warm-up for 6?min and 40?s consisting of 5 sets of 65?s of cycling at a workload of 46%VO2max?+?15?s of supramaximal cycling at a workload of 120%VO2max. By design, total work was matched between the two warm-up conditions. Supramaximal intermittent and submaximal constant-workload warm-ups similarly increased 5-s peak (590?±?191 vs. 604?±?215W, P?=?0.41) and 30-s mean (495?±?137 vs. 503?±?154W, P?=?0.48) power output during the final 30-s maximal-effort cycling as compared to the no warm-up condition (5-s peak: 471?±?165W; 30-s mean: 398?±?117W). VO2 during the 120-s supramaximal cycling was similarly increased by the two warm-ups as compared to no-warm up (P?≤?0.05). These findings show that work-matched supramaximal intermittent and submaximal constant-workload warm-ups improve final sprint (～30?s) performance to similar extents during the late stage of a 120-s supramaximal exercise bout.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

This study investigated the effects of acute caffeine ingestion following short-term creatine supplementation on an incremental cycling to exhaustion task. Twelve active males performed the task under three conditions: baseline condition (BASE, no ergogenic aid), creatine plus caffeine condition (CRE + CAF), and creatine with placebo condition (CRE + PLA). Following the establishment of BASE condition, participants were administered CRE + CAF (0.3 g·kg?1·day?1 of creatine for 5 days followed by 6 mg·kg?1 of caffeine 1 h prior to testing) and CRE + PLA (0.3 g·kg?1·day?1 of creatine for 5 days followed by 6 mg·kg?1 of placebo 1 h prior to testing) in a double-blind, randomized crossover and counterbalancing protocol. No significant differences were observed in relative maximal oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O2max) (51.7±5.5, 52.8±4.9 and 51.3±5.6 ml·kg?1·min?1 for BASE, CRE + CAF and CRE + PLA, respectively; P>0.05) and absolute [Vdot]O2max (3.6±0.4, 3.7±0.4 and 3.5±0.5 l·min?1 for BASE, CRE + CAF and CRE + PLA, respectively; P>0.05). Blood samples indicated significantly higher blood lactate and glucose concentrations in the CRE + CAF among those in the BASE or CRE + PLA condition during the test (P<0.05). The time to exhaustion on a cycling ergometer was significantly longer for CRE + CAF (1087.2±123.9 s) compared with BASE (1009.2±86.0 s) or CRE + PLA (1040.3±96.1 s). This study indicated that a single dose of caffeine following short-term creatine supplementation did not hinder the creatine–caffeine interaction. In fact, it lengthened the time to exhaustion during an incremental maximum exercise test. However, this regime might lead to the accumulation of lactate in the blood.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the validity (Study 1) and reliability (Study 2) of a novel intermittent running test (Carminatti's test) for physiological assessment of soccer players. In Study 1, 28 players performed Carminatti's test, a repeated sprint ability test, and an intermittent treadmill test. In Study 2, 24 players performed Carminatti's test twice within 72 h to determine test–retest reliability. Carminatti's test required the participants to complete repeated bouts of 5 × 12 s shuttle running at progressively faster speeds until volitional exhaustion. The 12 s bouts were separated by 6 s recovery periods, making each stage 90 s in duration. The initial running distance was set at 15 m and was increased by 1 m at each stage (90 s). The repeated sprint ability test required the participants to perform 7 × 34.2 m maximal effort sprints separated by 25 s recovery. During the intermittent treadmill test, the initial velocity of 9.0 km · h?1 was increased by 1.2 km · h?1 every 3 min until volitional exhaustion. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between Carminatti's test peak running velocity and speed at VO2max (v-VO2max). Peak running velocity in Carminatti's test was strongly correlated with v-VO2max (r = 0.74, P < 0.01), and highly associated with velocity at the onset of blood lactate accumulation (r = 0.63, P < 0.01). Mean sprint time was strongly associated with peak running velocity in Carminatti's test (r = ?0.71, P < 0.01). The intraclass correlation was 0.94 with a coefficient of variation of 1.4%. In conclusion, Carminatti's test appears to be avalid and reliable measure of physical fitness and of the ability to perform intermittent high-intensity exercise in soccer players.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

The single-stage treadmill walking test of Ebbeling et al. is commonly used to predict maximal oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O2max) from a submaximal effort between 50% and 70% of the participant's age-predicted maximum heart rate. The purpose of this study was to determine if this submaximal test correctly predicts [Vdot]O2max at the low (50% of maximum heart rate) and high (70% of maximum heart rate) ends of the specified heart rate range for males and females aged 18 – 55 years. Each of the 34 participants completed one low-intensity and one high-intensity trial. The two trials resulted in significantly different estimates of [Vdot]O2max (low-intensity trial: mean 40.5 ml · kg?1 · min?1, s = 9.3; high-intensity trial: 47.5 ml · kg?1 · min?1, s = 8.8; P < 0.01). A subset of 22 participants concluded their second trial with a [Vdot]O2max test (mean 47.9 ml · kg?1 · min?1, s = 8.9). The low-intensity trial underestimated (mean difference = ?3.5 ml · kg?1 · min?1; 95% CI = ?6.4 to ?0.6 ml · kg?1 · min?1; P = 0.02) and the high-intensity trial overestimated (mean difference = 3.5 ml · kg?1 · min?1; 95% CI = 1.1 to 6.0 ml · kg?1 · min?1; P = 0.01) the measured [Vdot]O2max. The predictive validity of Ebbeling and colleagues' single-stage submaximal treadmill walking test is diminished when performed at the extremes of the specified heart rate range.  相似文献   

14.
The hypothesis that endurance training impairs sprinting ability was examined. Eight male subjects undertook a 30‐s sprint test on a cycle ergometer before and after 6 weeks of cycling training for endurance. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and submaximum endurance were determined to evaluate the influence of the training regimen on endurance performance. Endurance was defined as the time to exhaustion at a relative exercise intensity of 85% VO2 max. Maximum oxygen uptake was increased by 18% post‐training (3.29 ± 0.291 min–1 versus 3.89±0.491 min–1; P <0.01), but endurance at the same absolute work rate as pre‐training was increased by more than 200% (32.2 ±11.4 min versus 97.8 + 27.3 min; P <0.01). These improvements were accompanied by changes in the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to standard, submaximum exercise. Despite the improvements in endurance, neither performance during the cycle sprint test nor the increase in blood lactate concentration during the sprint was influenced by endurance training. For short‐term cycling training, these findings reinforce the concept of training specificity whilst demonstrating that decrements in sprint performance are not a necessary consequence of improved endurance.  相似文献   

15.
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16.
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between mechanical power, thrust power, propelling efficiency and sprint performance in elite swimmers. Mechanical power was measured in 12 elite sprint male swimmers: (1) in the laboratory, by using a whole-body swimming ergometer (W'TOT) and (2) in the pool, by measuring full tethered swimming force (FT) and maximal swimming velocity (Vmax): W'T = FT · Vmax. Propelling efficiency (ηP) was estimated based on the “paddle wheel model” at Vmax. Vmax was 2.17 ± 0.06 m · s?1, ηP was 0.39 ± 0.02, W'T was 374 ± 62 W and W'TOT was 941 ± 92 W. Vmax was better related to W'T (useful power output: R = 0.943, P < 0.001) than to W'TOT (total power output: R = 0.744, P < 0.01) and this confirms the use of the full tethered test as a valid test to assess power propulsion in sprinters and to estimate swimming performance. The ratio W'T/W'TOT (0.40 ± 0.04) represents the fraction of total mechanical power that can be utilised in water (e.g., ηP) and was indeed the same as that estimated based on the “paddle wheel model”; this supports the use of this model to estimate ηP in swimming.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

Electrically assisted bicycles (EAB) as a form of transport not only offer the potential to reduce energy use and environmental impact but could also be an effective way of encouraging active living. The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of physical active commuting to work using an EAB, on physiological parameters in 20 untrained men and women. Tests were performed at three different time points over a 10-week period, including four weeks of passive (control period) and six weeks of active commuting (intervention period). ANOVA for repeated measures was used to test differences between the testing series for the most important physiological parameters: Pmax·kg?1, V˙O2peak·kg?1, fixed blood lactate concentration (2, 4 mmol·l?1). The subjects performed over a 6-week period a mean total cycling distance of 405.1±156.0 km with a weekly frequency of 4.1±1.7 days·week?1 for men and 246.0±116.3 km with a frequency of 2.9±1.0 days·week?1 for women. Pmax·kg?1 significantly increased in men and women after 6 weeks of active commuting. Power output at 2 mmol·l?1 significantly increased in women (P=0.001) but not in men (P=0.0604). Power output at 4 mmol·l?1 significantly increased for men and women. V˙O2peak·kg?1 did not differ. With respect to the study limitations, it is concluded that cycling to work on an EAB was effective in increasing the maximal power output and power output at 4 mmol·l?1 in these untrained subjects. Cycling on an EAB seems to be a promising tool as a health enhancing physical activity, for those who will benefit the most in terms of health related fitness, namely the physically inactive, unfit and older people.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between female distance running performance on a 10 km road race and body composition, maximal aerobic power ([Vdot]O2 max ), running economy (steady-state [Vdot]O2 at standardized speeds), and the fractional utilization of [Vdot]O2max at submaximal speeds (% [Vdot]O2max ). The subjects were 14 trained and competition–experienced female runners. The subjects averaged 43.7 min on the 10 km run, 53.0 ml · kg?1 · min?1 on [Vdot]O2max , and 33.9, 37.7, and 41.8 ml · kg?1 · min?1 for steady-state [Vdot]O2 at three standardized running paces (177, 196, and 215 m · min?1). The mean values for fractional utilization of aerobic capacity for these three submaximal speeds were 64.3, 71.4, and 79.3% [Vdot]O2max , respectively. Significant (p < 0.01) relationships with performance were found for [Vdot]O2max (r = ?0.66) and % [Vdot]O2max at a standardized speed (r = 0.65). No significant (p > 0.05) relationships were found between running performance and either running economy or relative body fat. As with male heterogeneous groups, trained female road racing performance is significantly related to [Vdot]O2max and % [Vdot]O2max , but not related to body composition or running economy. It was further concluded that on a 10 km road race, trained females operate at a % [Vdot]O2max similar to that of their trained male counterparts.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

The present study aimed to establish whether 2 weeks of high-intensity interval training would have a beneficial effect on aerobic fitness, fat oxidation, blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) in healthy adolescent boys. Ten adolescent boys (15.1 ± 0.3 years, 1.3 ± 0.2 years post-estimated peak height velocity) completed six sessions of Wingate-style high-intensity interval training over a 2-week period. The first session consisted of four sprints with training progressed to seven sprints in the final session. High-intensity interval training had a beneficial effect on maximal O2 uptake (mean change, ±90% confidence intervals: 0.19 L · min?1, ±0.19, respectively), on the O2 uptake at the gas exchange threshold (0.09 L · min?1, ±0.13) and on the O2 cost of sub-maximal exercise (–0.04 L · min?1, ±0.04). A beneficial effect on the contribution of lipid (0.06 g · min?1, ±0.06) and carbohydrate (–0.23 g · min?1, ±0.14) oxidation was observed during sub-maximal exercise, but not for the maximal rate of fat oxidation (0.04 g · min?1, ±0.08). Systolic blood pressure (1 mmHg, ±4) and BMI (0.1 kg · m2, ±0.1) were not altered following training. These data demonstrate that meaningful changes in health outcomes are possible in healthy adolescent boys after just six sessions of high-intensity interval training over a 2-week period.  相似文献   

20.
The minimum exercise intensity that elicits ?O2max (i?O2max) is an important variable associated with endurance exercise performance. i?O2max is usually determined during a maximal incremental exercise test; however, the magnitude and duration of the increments used influence the i?O2max value produced by a given test. The aims of this study were twofold. The first was to investigate whether the i?O2max value produced by a single cycle ergometer test (i?O2max(S)) was repeatable. The second was to determine if i?O2max(S) represents the minimum intensity at which ?O2max is elicited when compared to a refined i?O2max value (i?O2max(R)) derived from repeated tests. Seventeen male cyclists (age 33.9?±?7.7 years, body mass 80.9?±?10.2?kg, height 1.82?±?0.05?m; VO2max 4.27?±?0.62 L?min?1) performed four maximal incremental tests for the determination of i?O2max(S) and i?O2max(R) (3 min stages; 20?W increments). Trials 1 and 2 were identical and used for assessing the repeatability of i?O2max(S), trials 3 and 4 began at different intensities and were used to determine i?O2max(R). i?O2max(S) showed good test–retest repeatability for i?O2max (CV?=?4.1%; ICC?=?0.93), VO2max (CV?=?6.3%; ICC?=?0.88) and test duration (CV?=?6.7%; ICC?=?0.89). There was no significant difference between i?O2max(S) and i?O2max(R) (303?±?40?W vs. 301?±?42?W) (P?2max determined directly during a maximal incremental test is repeatable and provides a very good estimate of the minimum exercise intensity that elicits ?O2max.  相似文献   

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