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本文对体育职业技术学院田径队运动员的运动损伤现状进行了调研分析。以广州体育职业技术学院田径队运动员为例,该学院运动员的运动损伤率为95.2%;损伤性质以慢性损伤和急性损伤为主;损伤部位主要集中在腰部、踝关节和大腿;劳损、肌肉肌腱拉伤和关节韧带扭伤是发生运动损伤的三种主要类型;损伤时间主要集中在训练期间、下午和6-8月份;身体过度疲劳、身体素质差、技术掌握不熟练是发生损伤的主要原因。 相似文献
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高水平运动员运动损伤的心理反应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对竞技项目运动员来说，运动损伤将产生巨大生理及心理的挑战。研究者们已经证实了运动损伤对高水平运动员所产生的一系列心理方面的影响，并且对于运动员的情感冲击提出了不同的理论模式。目前的研究中通过回顾相关运动损伤心理反应的一系列文献，力求挖掘并总结更系统的运动损伤在心理方面所受到的干扰及影响。通过这一总结又将引出更多的可探讨的问题以供将来在损伤后心理过程和整个恢复方面的研究。更重要的是能将这些所能考虑到的因素有效运用到现实的策略中，以帮助运动员更好的恢复和参与今后的比赛、训练。 相似文献
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在竞技运动中,运动员损伤后,如何尽快恢复自信心,重返赛场?在文献研究的基础上,对影响自信心恢复的因素及怎样采取合理措施进行自信心恢复训练,作了概括和进一步的探讨.本文中目标取向和社会支持是影响运动员自信心恢复的主要因素.倾向于任务取向的运动员,对自信心评价水平较高,具有高社会支持感的运动员更易于自信心的恢复.因此在恢复期,确立以提高运动能力为目的的康复目标,营造充满温暖、关爱的心理环境,对促进运动员自信心的恢复有重要意义. 相似文献
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伤病是运动员的第一号敌人,伤病不仅给运动员身体上带来疼痛,不能参加比赛,而且给他们心理上带来极大的压力,如果处理不好还会留下后遗症,病痛将伴随他的一生.所以,制定合适的康复运动处方对伤病运动员的伤病进行合理康复训练,显得尤为重要.文章就相关内容展开研究,以便为伤病运动员、教练员提供康复训练参考. 相似文献
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Recommendations to maintain immune health in athletes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Neil P. Walsh 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(6):820-831
Numerous studies over the last 35 years report an increase in upper respiratory infection (URI) symptoms in athletes during periods of heavy training and competition. Challenges athletes face such as heavy exercise and life stress influence immune function via activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system and the resulting immunoregulatory hormones. Both innate and acquired immunity are often reported to decrease transiently in the hours after heavy exertion, typically 15–70%: prolonged heavy training sessions in particular have been shown to decrease immune function; potentially providing an ‘open window’ for opportunistic infections. Whether the observed changes in immunity with acute strenuous exercise or periods of heavy training account for the increased susceptibility to URI symptoms remains contentious. Nevertheless, there is little doubt that URI symptoms hinder athletic training and competition; underpinning the need to identify the prominent risk factors and appropriate countermeasures. Recent studies have identified prominent risk factors, including: intensified training in the winter; long-haul travel; low energy availability; high levels of psychological stress and anxiety; and depression. Given the shared pathways and effector limbs for the body’s response to physical and psychological challenges, it is logical that psychological strain influences immunity and illness incidence in athletes under heavy training; indeed, stress and anxiety have recently been shown to modify the immune response to exercise. This mini-review provides new insights and evidence-based recommendations for coping with the various challenges that athletes encounter on immune health, including: heavy exercise; life stress; sleep disruption; environmental extremes and nutritional deficits. 相似文献
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我国冬季项目运动队的现代化管理 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
我国竞技体育要在真正意义上跻身世界前列,优秀运动队的科学化、现代化管理是一个极其重要、急待解决的问题,冬季项目运动队更需要加快现代化管理的步伐。我国冬季项目运动队的现代化管理应从建设和谐运动队抓起,实行人本管理、人性化管理、学习型组织管理、信息化管理和整体效益管理,以运动员为中心进行主体积极性调动管理,并注重观念、能力、情绪、环境、社会学因素的影响;加强运动队文化建设,培育团队精神,营造团队文化,使之内有凝聚力、外有竞争力;培养全面发展的运动员,围绕其体育发展目标达到德、智、美、劳协调发展、相互促进,培养运动员过硬的思想素质、心理素质、文化素质和社会适应能力,为保障科学化训练、提高竞技水平和运动员的成长提供精神动力和智力支持,对于我国冬季竞技体育可持续发展具有非常重要的意义。 相似文献
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Based on Williams and Andersen's model of stress and athletic injury, six psychosocial variables were assessed as possible moderators of the relationship between life stress and injury among 121 athletes (65 males, 56 females) competing in a variety of sports at state, national or international level. No significant effects of the sex of the participants were evident. Correlational analyses revealed moderator effects of several variables. Specifically, dispositional optimism and hardiness were related to decreased injury time-loss in athletes when positive life change increased, and global self-esteem was associated with decreased injury time-loss when both negative life change and total life change increased. The results indicate that athletes with more optimism, hardiness or global self-esteem may cope more effectively with life change stress, resulting in reduced injury vulnerability and recovery rates. 相似文献
9.
Johanna Belz Jahan Heidari Claudia Levenig Monika Hasenbring Michael Kellmann Jens Kleinert 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(7):1029-1037
Back pain (BP), a prominent problem for competitive athletes, is a primary reason for limitations in athletic performance and daily life restrictions. As studies on the relationship between psychological variables and BP in athletes are scarce, the aim of this study was to investigate stress and depression in competitive athletes with BP. In a cross-sectional design, data of 154 competitive athletes (51% female; Mage?=?18.81 years, SDage?=?5.05 years) were collected, assessing Performance stress, Socio-emotional stress, Risk for depression and Psychological well-being and the two BP parameters BP Intensity and Disability. Two multiple linear regressions were conducted to predict (1) BP Intensity and (2) Disability from Performance stress, Socio-emotional stress, Risk for depression and Psychological well-being. Multiple linear regressions demonstrated that Performance stress (β?=?.21, p?=?.01) was the only significant predictor of BP Intensity (F1,142?=?6.68, p?=?.01, R2?=?.05), whilst Risk for depression (β?=?.24, p?=?.01) was the only significant predictor of Disability (F1,142?=?8.46, p?=?.01, R2?=?.06). Neither gender nor age explained a significant amount of variance in the models. Study results showed that, as in the general population, the variables stress and depression are related to BP in competitive athletes. In particular, BP intensity was found to be associated with stress and BP-related disability was associated with depression, whereas age and gender showed no association with the BP parameters. A longitudinal investigation is warranted to determine the direction of the observed relationships. 相似文献
10.
First-rib stress fractures have been described in adolescent athletes in various sports, with only one prior case report of first-rib stress fractures in an adolescent female swimmer. There is a need for research on the cause, management, and prevention of these injuries as they lead to significant morbidity and critical time away from sport for these aspiring athletes. We aimed to describe first-rib stress fractures as a potential cause for non-specific atraumatic chronic shoulder pain in adolescent swimmers and to discuss the different presentations, unique risk factors, treatment, and potential injury prevention strategies of such fractures. We discussed two such cases which were successfully treated with activity modification with restriction of all overhead activity, gradually progressive physical therapy and a return to swimming protocol. First-rib stress fractures can vary in presentation and should be in the differential diagnosis in adolescent swimmers with chronic shoulder pain. These injuries can be successfully managed with rest from overhead activities and physical therapy. Gradual return to competitive swimming can be achieved even with non-union of a first-rib stress fracture. Emphasis on balanced strength training in different muscle groups and proper swimming technique is essential to prevent these injuries. 相似文献
11.
Kristina Fagher Anna Forsberg Jenny Jacobsson Toomas Timpka Örjan Dahlström Jan Lexell 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):1240-1249
Our knowledge of sports-related injuries in para-sport is limited and there are no data on how Paralympic athletes themselves perceive an injury. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore Paralympic athletes’ perceptions of their experiences of sports-related injuries, risk factors and preventive possibilities. Eighteen Swedish Paralympic athletes with vision impairment, intellectual impairment, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, myelomeningocele, dysplasia and neuromuscular disorder, representing 10 different para-sports, were interviewed. The qualitative phenomenographic method was used to interpret the data. The analysis revealed nine categories of perceptions of experiences. The athletes perceived that their impairments were involved in the cause and consequential chains associated with a sports-related injury. Other categories that denoted and described these injuries were: sport overuse, risk behaviour, functional limitations, psychological stressors, the normalised pain, health hazards, individual possibilities to prevent sports-related injuries and unequal prerequisites. This qualitative study revealed that Paralympic athletes’ perceptions of their experiences of sports-related injuries are complex and multifactorial, and in several ways differ from able-bodied athletes. This needs to be considered in the sports health and safety work within the Paralympic Movement as well as in the design of future injury surveillance systems and preventive programmes. 相似文献
12.
毛浓选 《西安体育学院学报》2007,24(5):86-91
运动员竞技能力特征和优秀运动员竞技能力模型是选材和训练监控的重要依据。结合散打运动的特点,对我国32名武英级运动员和39名一级运动员进行了形态、机能、素质心理智力指标的测量。运用主因子分析法,将散打优秀运动员竞技能力中基础的、有鉴别性的指标,归纳为17个因子,并以此确定散打优秀运动员竞技能力的主导因素,探索散打运动员竞技能力特征,并以现役国家队运动员为参照值,建立我国散打优秀运动员竞技能力结构模型。明确了散打优秀运动员选材(高级选材)的任务和阶段特征。 相似文献
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体育运动容易造成各种创伤且伤口不规则,容易感染,伤口愈合周期长,且易形成疤痕。运动创伤是困扰教练员、体育指导员、运动员或参与运动者的一大难题,如何使用有效的方法手段促进运动创伤伤口愈合,减少创面,缩短病程是一个值得探讨研究的问题。剖析运动创伤伤口的特点、皮肤结构及其对伤口愈合的影响,探讨相关干预手段对于运动创伤皮肤伤口伤口愈合的影响。 相似文献
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许多冬季项目都具有比较高的损伤风险,如单板滑雪、高山滑雪和自由式滑雪等。如何帮助这些高风险项目的运动员应对运动损伤的挫折和康复治疗的挑战,是备战北京冬奥会面临的重要课题。研究介绍了心理保障团队如何帮助一位中国自由式滑雪空中技巧受伤运动员LGZ应对康复困难并重返国际比赛的心理康复历程。基于中国运动员心理建设系统,为LGZ的心理康复训练制订了三重目标:1)减少运动损伤的心理应激,积极参与康复治疗,尽早回归正常的训练和比赛;2)提高自我控制能力,形成良好的行为习惯,以平稳的心态参加训练和比赛;3)提升文化素养和精神境界,不断完善自我,促进终生发展。从2017年2月—2018年2月,在历时1年的心理训练中,共对其进行了5种心理干预:提供心理支持、实施表象训练、开展心理讲座、制订比赛预案和提供心理咨询;还通过心理测试来监控运动员的心理状态,并采用运动员个人评价、主管教练评价和竞技比赛表现来评估心理训练的效果。在为期1年的心理训练结束时,这名运动员逐渐克服了运动损伤所带来的焦虑,建立了伤后康复的自信,提高了自我控制的能力,并在平昌冬奥会上取得了她个人的最佳成绩,获得了冬奥会奖牌。这一案例提示我们“术道兼修”的心理训练具有一定成效,也带给我们许多反思。 相似文献
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《Sport Management Review》2020,23(1):8-27
The objective of the current systematic review was to investigate the organisational factors that enable and motivate non-accidental violence towards athletes in the sport context. The authors identified and reviewed 43 qualitative studies investigating psychological, physical, and sexual abuse of athletes, and developed a framework of organisational factors (i.e., structural, social, and stress factors) related to non-accidental violence. Athletes were the key informants, yet some studies included athletes’ entourages. The authors independently coded the findings sections of the primary research, using the developed framework. Organisational tolerance for abuse and conformity to dominant values within sports were related to all three types of non-accidental violence. Power imbalance appeared as a relevant factor in both psychological and sexual abuse, while isolation was also relevant in sexual abuse. Believing that non-accidental violence had instrumental effects appeared related to both psychological and physical abuse, whereas a winner-take-all reward system was related to physical abuse. Based on this systematic review, the authors proposed an integrated perspective of the organisational factors driving non-accidental violence in sport and conclude by proposing a whole-of-system approach to the prevention and management of non-accidental violence. 相似文献
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Sleep is generally regarded as a valuable resource for psychological and physiological well-being. Although the effects of sleep on athletic performance have been acknowledged in sport science, few studies have investigated the prevalence of sleep problems and their effects on elite athletes before a sport event. In this study, 632 German athletes from various sports were asked about their sleep habits during the night(s) before an important competition or game. The findings indicate that 65.8% of the athletes experienced poor sleep in the night(s) before a sports event at least once in their lives and a similarly high percentage (62.3%) had this experience at least once during the previous 12 months. Athletes of individual sports reported more sleep difficulties than athletes of team sports. The main sleep problem was not being able to fall asleep. Internal factors such as nervousness and thoughts about the competition were rated highest for causing sleep problems. Most athletes stated that disturbed sleep had no influence on their athletic performance; however, athletes also reported effects such as a bad mood the following day, increased daytime sleepiness, and worse performance in the competition or game. The differences between individual and team sports indicate that athletes in some sports need more help than those in other sports in managing sleep problems. 相似文献
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文章通过对上海体育学院大学生运动员的心理竞技能力特征与社会技能的调查统计,发现与探寻大学生运动员的心理特征和社会技能的相关关系,分析大学生运动员的性别差异,运动成绩差异等各因子之间的关联性,为大学生运动员将来的身心发展等提供科学依据与建议.研究结果推测,心理竞技能力较高的运动选手比起心理竞技能力较低的运动选手来说,社会技能也相对较高.研究结果表明,心理竞技能力与社会技能之间有非常紧密的关联性.因此,对于大学生运动员毕业后走向社会的前景来说,心理竞技能力是必不可少的一个影响要因. 相似文献
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随机分层整群抽样了广东省9所高校102个班级,以各班中足球人口为研究对象,对其足球运动损伤发生场合、部位及影响因素进行了调查与分析。结果显示:从损伤发生场合来看,课外锻炼损伤发生比例最高,达到72.2%;比赛与体育课则分别为31.2%与26.6%。从损伤部位来看,膝、踝、足、小腿、大腿、躯干、手臂与头颈的损伤比例分别为29.2%、26.8%、21.0%、18.7%、16.3%、9.3%、7.0%与5.7%;除手臂外,其它7部位损伤比例男女生之间存在显著性差异。经多因素Logistic回归分析得出,大学生足球运动损伤的诱发因素为有病痛(或旧伤)、动作粗野、疲劳时继续运动、动作违反人体结构功能、不注重使用护具、准备活动≤10min、场地状况差、睡眠休息差、课堂少获预防损伤知识与技能、求胜动机强与身体素质不适宜足球运动11个。 相似文献
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Based on Williams and Andersen's model of stress and athletic injury, six psychosocial variables were assessed as possible moderators of the relationship between life stress and injury among 121 athletes (65 males, 56 females) competing in a variety of sports at state, national or international level. No significant effects of the sex of the participants were evident. Correlational analyses revealed moderator effects of several variables. Specifically, dispositional optimism and hardiness were related to decreased injury time-loss in athletes when positive life change increased, and global self-esteem was associated with decreased injury time-loss when both negative life change and total life change increased. The results indicate that athletes with more optimism, hardiness or global self-esteem may cope more effectively with life change stress, resulting in reduced injury vulnerability and recovery rates. 相似文献