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The classical and numerical taxonomy, palynology and the geographical dis-
tribution of the Genus Schizopepon are dealt with in the present paper. Having comme-
nted on various opinions regarding the systematic position of the genus, the present au-
thors consider that C. Jeffrey’s treatment of Schizopepon as a new and monogeneric tri-
be, Schizopeponeae, should be supported.
The gross morphological characters in the genus are assessed from the taxonomic
point of view. Some characters, such as stamens with an elongated connective or not,
different insertions of ovules and various forms of ovaries and fruits, may be used for
distinguishing subgenera.
The pollen grains of all the species were observed under light microscope (LM) and
scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that a strong differentiation
has taken place in the pollen of the genus, and in consequence it may be regarded as an
important basis for dividing subgenera and species. Especially it should be pointed out
that degrees of development of colpi and positions of ora are positively correlated with
the external characters used for distinguishing subgenera.
According to the morphological and palynological characters, the genus Schizopepon
may be divided into three subgenera and eight species: 1. Subgenus Schizopepon: 5 spe-
cies, S. bryoniaefolius Maxim., S. monoicus A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang, S. dioicus Cogn.,
S. longipes Gagnep. and S. macranthus Hand.-Mazz.; 2. Subgenus Rhynchocarpos A. M.
Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 1 species, S. bomiensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang; 3. Subgenus Neoschi-
zopepon A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 2 species, S. bicirrhosus (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey
and S. xizangensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang.
The 8 OTU’s including all the species of this genus and 31 characters, of which 16 are morphological characters and 15 palynological characters, were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment. After standardization of characters, the correlation and distance matrices were computed. The correlation matrices are made to test the various clustering methods. At last, the UPGMA clustering method was selected and its result
is shown in the form of phenogram. The result of numerical analysis is similar to that of the classical classification.
Schizopepon Maxim. is a genus of East Asia-Himalayan distribution. China has all 8 species and 2 varieties, of which 6 species are endemic. Based on the statistics of spedies number, the distribution centre of the genus is considered to be in the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin water divides) and the adjacent areas of the southwest China. 相似文献
3.
Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews subsp. spontanea (Rehder) S. G. Haw et L. A.
Lauener ( ＝P. spontanea ＝ P. jishanensis) has been considered as the wild form of widely
cultivated P. suffruticosa. However, the subspecies differs from the cultivated one in
shape, division and indumentum of leaves and reproductive biology. As a result of extensive
field work, a form with two individuals in Yinping Shan, Caohu, Anhui, and Songxian,
Henan, are found to be extremely similar to P. suffruticosa, but apparently different from
P. jishanensis. The form is considered to be the wild one of P. suffruticosa and described as new: P. suffruticosa subsp, yinpingmudan Hong, K. Y. Pan et Z. W. Xie. 相似文献
4.
The genus Solms-Laubachia of Cruciferae was established by Muschler in 1912 on
the basis of the Chinese species Solms-Laubachia pulcherrima of Yunnan Province.
Since then, nine species, two varieties and two forms have been recorded. They are
almost all endemic in China except one species—Solms-Laubachia retropilosa Botsch.
which was discovered in Sikkim.
We described in this paper thirteen species, three varieties and one form, of which,
we suppose, three species, one variety and one combination have never been reported
before. Most species grow in the mountainous regions of Szechuan, Yunnan, Tibet,Ching-hai and Sinkiang in China. 相似文献
5.
赵继鼎 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1964,9(2):139-166
Parmelia is a genus of economical importance. According what was recorded,
Meyen & Flotow were the first foreigners to study Chinese lichens in 1843. Up to the
present time 74 species, 24 varieties and 11 forms have been described from China.
The majority of specimens reported in this paper were collected by many Chinese
botanists and collectors from 21 provinces from 1928--1962, while a few of them were
collected by Licent from 1916 to 1917 and by Poliansky in 1957.
The system of classification adopted here is that held by A. Zahlbruckner in 1926.
But in section Hypotrachyna, the two subsections-Myelochroa and Myeloleuca proposed
by Asahina are adopted and Parmelia xanthocarpa which has not been properly placed
before, is here referred to the subsection Myelochroa.
In the subgenus Hypogymnia the writer discovers that the length of spores of two
species are longer than 10μ, especially Parmelia macrospora reaches 17.5μ long. So
far as the writer knows, the upper limitation of the spore length recognized by many
lichenologists has been 10μ in this subgenus. The spore measurement of this subgenus
needs, therefore, to be revised in future.
In this paper 78 species, 14 varieties and 6 forms are presented. Among them, 5
species, 5 varieties and 1 forms are considered as new and two new combinations have
been made. Out of all these, 31 species, 6 varieties and 2 forms are first recorded from
China. All the materials cited are deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of Instituteof Microbiology, Academia Sinica, Peking. 相似文献
6.
This paper is a preliminary study on the Sabiaceae in aspects of its morphology,
taxonomy and geography. We propose that the Sabioideae and Meliosmoideae as two
new subfamilies of Sabiaceae according to the external morphology, flower structure
and geographical distribution of these two genera respectively.
This paper follows the taxonomic concepts of Luetha Chen on Sabia and C. F.
van Beusekom on Meliosma. We agree with them for their classification of these two
genera above the specific rank. As to the revision work of Sabia by van de Water
and C. F. van Beusekom’s work on Meliosma we disagree for their unduly broad
specific concepts. We rather treat the species of these two genera according to their
habitats in regions on a relatively narrower sense. The genus Sabia of China are
classified into 2 tribes, with 16 species, 5 subspecies and 2 varieties in which 4 sub-
species and l variety are as new combinations, the genus of Meliosma in China are
classified into 2 subgenera with 29 species, and 7 varieties of which 4 varieties are new
combinations.
After examining the affinity of the species of Sabia and Meliosma in China and
its neighboring nations such as Burma, Japan and Bhutan, we found that their migra-
tion initiated from China, as the primitive species of these two genera occured in
northeast and central part of Yunnan, sou theast of Sichuan, north of Guizhou and
west of Hubei, the region may probably be the main origin of these two genera.
As shown in tables 1 & 2, the localities where the species of these two genera den-
sely populate they are from Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guangdong coinciding with the
concepts of C. F. van Beusekom and van de Water about the distribution of exotic
species of these two genera, it may reasonable be pointed out that the center of distri-
bution of these two genera is Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong and nieghboring nations,
upper Burma and northern Vietnam. Futhermore, it may be seen that starting from
this center the number of species become less and less as they proceed far and far awaybut become more advance in evolution. 相似文献
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Xizang (Tibet) is rich in Leguminosae flora, comprising 41 genera and 254 species
so far known, exclusive of the commonly cultivated taxa (including 11 genera and 16
species). There are 4 endemic genera (with 8 species), 10 temperate genera (with 175
species) and 19 tropical genera (with 46 species) as well as the representatives of those
genera whose distribution centers are in East Asia-North America, Mediterranean
and Central Asia.
1. There are altogether 4 endemic genera of Leguminosae in this region. Accord-
ing to their morphological characters, systematic position and geographical distribution,
it would appear that Salweenia and Piptanthus are Tertiary paleo-endemics, while
Straceya and Cochlianths are neo-endemics. Salweenia and Piptanthus may be some
of more primitive members in the subfamily Papilionasae and their allies are largely
distributed in the southern Hemisphere. The other two genera might have been derived
from the northern temperate genus Hedysarum and the East Asian-North American
genus Apios respectively, because of their morphological resemblance. They probably
came into existanc during the uplifting of the Himalayas.
2. An analysis of temperate genera
There are twelve temperate genera of Leguminosae in the region, of which the
more important elements in composition of flora, is Astragalus, Oxytropis and Cara-
gana.
Astragalus is a cosmopolitan genus comprising 2000 species, with its center
distribution in Central Asia. 250 species, are from China so far known, in alpine zone of
Southwest and Northwest, with 70 species extending farther to the Himalayas and
Xizang Plateau.
Among them, there are 7 species (10%) common to Central Asia, 12 species (15.7%)
to Southwest China and 40 species (60%) are endemic, it indicates that the differentia-
tion of the species of the genus in the region is very active, especially in the subgenus
Pogonophace with beards in stigma. 27 species amounting to 78.5% of the total species of
the subgenus, are distributed in this region. The species in the region mainly occur in
alpine zone between altitude of 3500—300 m. above sea-level. They have developed into
a member of representative of arid and cold alpine regions.
The endemic species of Astragalus in Xizang might be formed by specialization of
the alien and native elements. It will be proved by a series of horizontal and vertical vicarism of endemic species. For example, Astragalus bomiensis and A. englerianus are
horizontal and vertical vicarism species, the former being distributed in southeast part
of Xizang and the latter in Yunnan; also A. arnoldii and A. chomutovii, the former
being an endemic on Xizang Plateau and latter in Central Asia.
The genus Oxytropis comprises 300 species which are mainly distributed in the
north temperate zone. About 100 species are from China so far known, with 40 species
extending to Himalayas and Xizang Plateau. The distribution, formation and differ-
entiation of the genus in this region are resembled to Astragalus. These two genera are
usually growing together, composing the main accompanying elements of alpine mea-
dow and steppe.
Caragana is an endemic genus in Eurasian temperate zone and one of constructive
elements of alpine bush-wood. About 100 species are from China, with 16 species in Xi-
zang. According to the elements of composition, 4 species are common to Inner Mon-
golia and Kausu, 4 species to Southwest of China, the others are endemic. This not only
indicates that the species of Caragana in Xizang is closely related to those species of
above mentioned regions, but the differentiation of the genus in the region is obviously
effected by the uplifting of Himalayas, thus leading to the formations of endemic species
reaching up to 50%.
3. An Analysis of Tropical Genera
There are 19 tropical genera in the region. They concentrate in southeast of Xizang
and southern flank of the Himalayas. All of them but Indigofera and Desmodium are
represented by a few species, especially the endemic species. Thus, it can be seen that
they are less differentiated than the temperate genera.
However, the genus Desmodium which extends from tropical southeast and northeast
Asia to Mexio is more active in differentiation than the other genera. According to Oha-
Shi,s system about the genus in 1973, the species of Desmodium distributed in Sino-Hima-
laya region mostly belong to the subgenus Dollinera and subgenus Podocarpium. The
subgenus Dollinera concentrates in both Sino-Himalaya region and Indo-China with 14
species, of which 7 species are endemic in Sino-Himalaya. They are closely related to
species of Indo-China, southern Yunnan and Assam and shows tha tthey have close con-
nections in origin and that the former might be derived from the latter.
Another subgenus extending from subtropical to temperate zone is Podocarpium.
Five out of the total eight species belonging to the subgenus are distributed in Sino-
Himalaya and three of them are endemic.
An investigation on interspecific evolutionary relationship and geographic distribu-
tion of the subgenus shows that the primary center of differentiation of Podocarpium
is in the Sino-Himalaya region.
Finally, our survey shows that owing to the uplifting of the Himalayas which has
brought about complicated geographic and climatic situations, the favorable conditions
have been provided not only for the formation of the species but also for the genus in cer-tain degree. 相似文献
10.
11.
According to Wang and Xie, their recently published genus Trirostellum is
distinguished from its allied genera by a number of characteristics: (1) the stamens
with their filaments coherent into a central column; (2) the female flowers possessing
rudimentary stamens; (3) the ovary 3-celled, with one ovule in each cell; (4) the fruits
dehiscent, 3-rostrated at the apex; (5) the fruits possessing persistent perianth; (6)
the seeds tuberculate and winged. However, upon a careful comparison of Trirostell-
um yixingensis Z.P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie, the type species of Trirostellum with Gyno-
stemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Mak., the type species of Gynostemma Bl. and some
other species of Gynostemma as well,we have found that the representatives of the
above two genera are identical in most of the important diagnostic characteristics ex-
cept that the fruits of the former genus are dehiscent with three long beaks at the
apex, while the fruits of the latter genus are indehiscent with very short beaks.
Besides, results obtained from chromosome counting haove shown that the somatic
chromosome number of Trirostellum yixingensis is 2n=22, while that of Gynostemma
pentaphyllum is 2n=28.Yet these morphological and chromosomal differences seem
not sufficient for generic demarcation. We, therefore, suggest that Trirostellum bereduced to a sectional or subgeneric rank of Gynostemma Bl. 相似文献
12.
对新种小囊兜兰Paphiopedilum globulosum与新变种扁球兜兰P．micranthum var．oblatum作了描述与绘图。两者均为采自云南东南部的栽培植物，与硬叶兜兰P．micranthum近似。但小囊兜兰具有宽得多的叶(宽2．8～3．4cm)，先端多少呈钩状、宽1．1～1．2cm的唇瓣，以及与唇瓣囊口几乎同样大小的退化雄蕊，而扁球兜兰则叶宽2．2～3 cm，唇瓣扁球形，囊深不超过1 cm，可区别于硬叶兜兰。上述种类均属于宽瓣亚属(广义）。该亚属有16个种产中国、越南或两地共有。本文提供了分种检索表。 相似文献
13.
张志耘 《中国科学院研究生院学报》2002,40(2):183-186
作为对英文版“Flora of China”海桐花科的分类学修订结果，提出了海桐花属6个种的8个新异名，并分别进行了讨论。 相似文献
14.
对国产7种和1变种兰属植物，即邱北冬蕙兰Cymbidium qiubeiense、春兰C. goeringii、春剑 C．longibracteatum、线叶春兰C．serratum、蕙兰C.faberi、送春C.fabri var．szechuanicum、寒兰C．kanran、莎 叶兰C．cyperifolium 的核型进行了研究。具体结果如下：邱北冬蕙兰为2n=40=24m+12sm+4st；蕙兰为2n=40=30m+8sm+2st；送春为2n=40=26m+l0sm+4st；寒兰为2n=40=26m+12sm+2st；莎叶兰为2n=40=24m+12sm+4st；春兰为2n=40=24m+l0sm+4st+2t;春剑为2n=40=24m+l0sm+6st。线叶春兰为2n=40=28m+l0sm+2st。线叶春兰中偶尔发现染色体数有2n=41，43，60，80。 相似文献
15.
The present paper, mainly dealing with phytogeographical, Cytological and Palynolo
gical studies on Chinese Stachyuraceae, is the first part of a series of contributions to systematics of this family. As we know, Stachyuraceae, a monogeneric family, is endemic to
East Asia, with a strong differentiation in China. Systematic position of the family is still uncertain. Undoubtedly, multidisciplinary studies on it wisl give a better understanding of plant differentiation in East-Asiatic floristic region and systematic position of the family.
The distribution of all the 9 Chinese species of Stachyurus have been studied on the basis of morphogeographical method. The status of some taxa has been changed as follows: Stachyurus chinensis Franch. ssp. latus (Li) Y. C. Tang et Y. L. Cao, stat. nov. S. chinen-sis Franch. Ssp. cuspidatus (Li) Y. C. Tang et Y. L. Cao, stat. nov. S. chinensis Franch. ssp. brachystachyus (C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen) Y. C. Tang et Y. L. Cao, stat. nov. S. salicifolius Franch. ssp. lancifolius (C. Y. Wu) Y. C. Tang et Y. L. Cao, stat. nov., S. yunnanensis Franch. var. pedicellatus Rehd. and S. oblongifolius Wang et Tang being reduced as synonyms of S. yunnanensis Franch. From morphological point of view, we would consider that sect. Callosurus is more primitive and its present area might be the preservation center of the family.
In this paper the chromosome numbers of 5 taxa, i.e. Stachyurus yunnanensis, S. chinensis ssp. chinensis, S. chinensis ssp. cuspidatus, S. salicifolius ssp. salicifolius, S. retusus, are reported for the first time. Along with the chromosome countings of S. himalaicus and S. sigeyosii by S. kurosawa, we come to the conclusion that all the species so far studied have 24 small somatic chromosomes (2n=24).
The pollen grains of 6 taxa, i.e. Stachyurus yunnanensis, S. obovatus, S. himalaicus, S. chinensis ssp. chinensis, S. salicifolius ssp. salicifolius, S. retusus were also examined. Together with the observations of G. Erdman and Huang Tsengchien on S. himalaicus, it seems that the pollen grains of the genus Stachyurus are rather uniform in morphology. The pollen grains of sect. Callosurus are tricolporoidate, while those of sect. Stachyurusare tricolporate. Two pollen types, representeb by the two sections, though not strongly distinct, may be considered as further evidence of the validity of the two taxa as section.
Sexuality of flowers is also disscussed in the paper. According to our observationon six species, i.e. Stachyurus yunnanensis, S. obovatus, S. himalaicus, S. chinensis, S. salicifolius, S. retusus, the plants are dioecious, which supports T. Makino's observation on S. praecox and H. Hara's on S. himalaicus. Female flowers have relatively large pistils and short stamens with empty anthers, while male flowers have smaller sterile pistils and longer stamens with well developed anthers. 相似文献
16.
Pyrgophyllum (Gagnep.) T. L. Wu et Z. Y. Chen is a monotypic genus of Zingibera-
ceae from China. Originally, it was placed in Kaempferia as a subgenus by Gagnepain (1901),
later transferred to Camptandra by Schumann (1904) and to Caulokaempferia by R. M. Smith.
(1972).
In this paper, the authors suggest that the separation of Pyrgophyllum at generic rank is
justified on cytological, morphological and anatomical evidence. It is characterised by the large
lamina-like bracts, which are rarely seen in Zingiberaceae. The margin of each bract is ad-
nate to the main axis of the inflorescence at the base and the lip is lobed. Trichomes unicel-
lular, stomata each with 4-7 lateral subsidiary cells, lateral veins are of three various types of
vascular bundles: girder-shaped, semigirder-shaped and isolated. The pollen grains are spinecent.
The basic chromosome number (x) is 21.
The type species, Pyrgophyllum yunnanensis (Gagnep.) T. L. Wu et Z. Y. Chen (Kaemp-
feria yunnanensis Gagnep.), is only distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China.
相似文献
17.
基于对许多活植物的观察，对兰科中兰属的若干种类进行了分类学考订，结果承认菅草兰Cymbidium tortisepalum与峨眉春蕙C. omeiense为独立的种，将春剑C. longibracteatum移至菅草兰之下作为变种，送春C. szechuanicum移至莎叶兰C. cyperifolium之下作为变种。由于春剑、峨眉春蕙和送春的模式标本及引证标本已在30多年前全部丢失，本文指定了新模式。 相似文献
18.
文章报道了13种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的染色体核型，并对属内核型进化规律作了总结。作者认为随体染色体和第1对染色体可以作为本属核型的特征染色体。染色体数目变异与花部式样密切相关。本属植物原始的染色体基数为x=19。此外，对非整倍性变异的主要机制也进行了讨论。 相似文献
19.
兰科的兜被兰属约有12种，主要分布于亚洲的温带至亚热带山地，我国的四川和云南是其现代分布中心和分化中心。本文通过植物地理学、孢粉学和解剖学的研究，对该属进行分类学订正，确认中国产有12种，其中9种为我国特有，包括4个新种和1个新组合种。 相似文献