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1.
几种心理训练方法的应用效果及其综合评价手段的研究   总被引:19,自引:2,他引:17  
采用Procomp生物反馈计算机分析处理系统对受试运动员进行肌电、皮电、皮温、心率等6项生理指标的测试,并结合动党误差、运动表象清晰度和焦虑状态问卷等,互理指标的测量分析。研究结果表明,上述几项指标能够较客观地评价运动员的心理状态和验证心理训练的效果  相似文献   

2.
利用《运动员的心理特点和运动心理技能自评问卷》,对27名青年排球运动员的心理特点和运动心理技能进行全面的调查、分析和评估,实施8周的放松训练、生物反馈训练、表象训练和团体辅导等心理干预。结果表明:青年排球运动员的放松、自我调节、人际沟通能力以及情绪稳定性、动机强度等偏低;针对性心理干预的效果明显,运动员的自我调节能力、心理准备程度、动机水平有了较大程度的提高;腹式呼吸和生物反馈放松训练提高了运动员的放松能力:呼吸频率显著下降,心理变异性的时域指标(SDNN、RMSSD、PNN50)均显著增强,频域指标中高频(HF)显著提高,低频(LF)和LF/HF显著降低。  相似文献   

3.
刘书强 《体育科研》2018,(3):81-85,91
对上海青年女子足球运动员个性及竞赛焦虑情况进行测试,并对测试中发现的个性特质忧虑性和紧张性较高以及特质焦虑水平较高的运动员使用生物反馈仪进行放松训练。结果表明,生物反馈训练中,音乐放松和指导语加音乐放松训练可以有效地提高运动员的皮肤温度,降低皮肤导电性,改善脑电α波、θ波和SMR波,且指导语加音乐放松的训练方式更加有效。结论:利用生物反馈训练仪可以调节女足运动员自主神经及大脑皮质功能,特别是指导语加音乐放松能良好地调节运动员心理状态及情绪状态。  相似文献   

4.
射箭运动员某些心理特征的测试和训练的探讨   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对射箭运动员的心理特征进行测试和分析,并依此进行相应的心理训练.经过6个月的心理训练后,发现受试运动员的一些心理测试指标都有较大程度的提高,运动员的心理控制能力,比赛时信心的增强和技术的发挥都有了较显著的进步.  相似文献   

5.
射击     
G871.014.86 9413415对射击运动员训练中心率测试结果的分析[刊,中]/胡建忠,雷欣,马福海//青海体育科技.—1993(2).—47—50表4(SML)射击//训练//心率//测试//心理//规律//心理训练//成绩//作用G871.03 9413400肌电生物反馈技术指导射击运动员放松训练的临床观察[刊,中]/水宾,邱波,刘春才//湖北体育科技.—1994(1).—32—33图2表1(SML)射击//放松训练//生物反馈//效果  相似文献   

6.
国家帆板帆船队备战2000年奥运会的心理训练及其效果   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为帮助国家帆板帆船队备战2000年奥运会,我们采用针对性的心理咨询、心理测量和系统的心理训练等方法及手段,为运动员提供跟踪性的科技服务,帮助运动员提高参加比赛的信心,增强情绪的稳定性和心理承受能力,通过对运动员心理疲劳状态的客观监测,保证了正常训练的顺利进行;比赛前的心理准备有效地增强了运动员的自信心,我们还采用12项心理指标和5项心理指标比较客观地评价运动员的心理能力和心理状态的变化,测试结果表明,通过心理训练运动员的心理技能明显提高,这些生理心理指标能够科学地验证心理训练的效果。  相似文献   

7.
影响运动员生物反馈放松训练效果的因素分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文在考察国内运动员生物反馈放松训练研究和应用的基础上,提出了影响运动员生物反馈放松训练效果的一些主要因素,即生物反馈仪、放松方法、运动员被试、训练时间和次数,并对这些影响因素逐一进行了分析。  相似文献   

8.
将18名男性足球运动员随机分为肌电反馈训练、渐进性肌肉放松和对照等3组,采用实验对比法进行研究。结果显示,采用肌电生物反馈训练、渐进性肌肉放松训练,均能促进运动员疲劳的消除,其中以肌电生物反馈训练法效果为优。  相似文献   

9.
本文得出以下结论:1.对移动靶射击运动员采用咨询─放松─表象─模拟─总结─综合─模拟─总结这样的心理训练程序有一定的有效性和可信性。2.不同的心理、生理指标可以评价不同的心理技能,已使用的心率、肌电指标均适合评价放松训练、表象训练和模拟训练。  相似文献   

10.
射击运动员心率与命中率的监测与调控   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用遥测心率仪监测射击运动员训练、比赛中心率与命中率的关系。表明:由于训练、比赛的不同情境,运动员的紧张程度不一,其平均心率也不同;但对同一射手而言,其命中10环时的心率较9环(及9环以下)时的心率低约8次/min左右。为了有效提高运动员的命中率,采用生物反馈技术,对运动员实施心理调控,发现放松表象训练能改善运动员心率,同时射手击发前的瞄点更为准确,从而提高了她们击发动作的一致性和命中率。  相似文献   

11.
This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.  相似文献   

12.
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.  相似文献   

13.
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果:(1)近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;(2)城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;(3)乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;(4)城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。  相似文献   

14.
采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明:定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.  相似文献   

15.
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.  相似文献   

16.
采用专门研制的摔跤测力装置,对过胸摔、挟颈背、拉臂转移和滚桥技术动作开始发力的力学特征进行测试分析,结果表明,上述动作开始的发力具有力值大和力的梯度大的特点,均有爆发用力的特征。其中过胸摔和滚桥主要把位发力最大,其总合力和力的梯度也最大。  相似文献   

17.
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。  相似文献   

18.
我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
孙辉 《体育科学》2004,24(2):6-8
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究,提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点,提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。  相似文献   

19.
我国体育市场管理法规研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。  相似文献   

20.
重新认识体育的社会关联   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论,体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关,体育与教育部分重叠,体育与宗教最为近缘,体育可借用科学手段,体育的艺术禀性日益明显,体育与养生反映着两种人生观。  相似文献   

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