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1.
《Early education and development》2013,24(2):85-104
The transition from "home child" to "school child" is an important social milestone and encompasses a life period that has not received as much attention as it may deserve. Poor black children, who are those with the most social interaction disabilities, seem particularly vulnerable in the early part of this transition. A further complication is that "summer learning" helps mainly well-off children, and blacks in the population-at-large are less likely to be well off than whites. Although schools do seem to be making up for the dearth of academic socialization resources in many young children's households, and in this sense are most beneficial for those who need them most, more work is needed on why schools are not filling the bill as well for the neediest blacks as they are for the neediest whites. 相似文献
2.
William C. Weiler 《Research in higher education》1994,35(6):631-646
Other researchers have found that personal socioeconomic background, measures of the fit between characteristics of institutions
and factors students want in colleges they attend, and measures of the quality and location of the high school attended influence
aspiration for higher education and/or the matriculation decision. In this study I investigate the effects of similar variables
on students' decisions to apply to a particular institution after asking the Educational Testing Service to send their SAT
scores to it. The results indicate that the fit between a student's preferences and an institution's characteristics has the
most substantial impact on the decision to apply. Within the set of variables measuring this fit, correspondence between location
desired, if the location is close to the student's home, and a SAT score either at or above the average score of applicants
to the institution stand out as primary predictors. 相似文献
3.
This paper explores undergraduate capabilities in career self-management and the influence of work-integrated learning (WIL). Career management competencies are an important aspect of individual employability and impact on wellbeing, graduate job attainment and long-term career success. Enhanced competencies among graduates can assist Faculty in achieving strong employment outcomes and support industry partners who wish to employ graduates able to self-manage their career pathways effectively amid flatter organisational structures and greater employee mobility. Our findings indicate that business undergraduates at one UK and one Australian university consider themselves reasonably proficient in career self-management yet variations exist across the different dimensions of self-awareness, opportunity awareness, decision-making learning and transition learning. Participation in work placements and study and employment characteristics influenced certain elements of career self-management. Our study highlights the importance of nurturing career management competencies in undergraduates and we discuss strategies, particularly in relation to WIL, which may promote effective career self-management. 相似文献
4.
陈新 《河南广播电视大学学报》2001,(4):45-47
大学一年级的英语教学是大学阶段英语教学的基础,它是衔接中学与大学的重要一环,并将直接影响整个大学阶段的英语学习的效果。如何使他们在英语学习中,对已经学得的知识,通过比较枯燥、机械的重复训练获得较为扎实的基本功,为英语学习的进一步提高打下良好的基础呢？这就要求教师在英语教学过程中兼顾知识性科学性的基础上,通过趣味性达到最佳教学效果。 相似文献
5.
Freeberg TM 《Learning & behavior》2004,32(1):122-130
Studies of the social learning of courtship behaviors and mating preferences of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) are reviewed. Earlier work has suggested that cowbirds from behaviorally distinct populations mate preferentially with others
from the same population. Studies are described which indicate that patterns of courtship behavior that differ by population
can be socially transmitted across generations are described. Social background affects male songs, female preferences for
males as mates, and courtship interactions between females and males. Thus, social traditions influence mating decisions and
may, ultimately, impact reproductive success in this species. Recent work on possible social mechanisms involved in the ontogeny
of courtship behavior is described. The implications of these findings are discussed, and future research directions are suggested. 相似文献
6.
María Dolores Calero Antonio Fernández-Parra Sonia López-Rubio Rosario Carles Sara Mata María del Carmen Vives Elena Navarro José Márquez 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2013,28(1):133-155
The continuing incorporation of immigrant populations into the Spanish educational system poses an important challenge in that all participants must cooperate toward creating the best possible adaptation process at the academic level as well as on the personal and social levels. A number of different factors appear to influence children’s adjustment during the preschool stage, and these factors are especially relevant since many studies have shown that this is a key period for the prevention of future difficulties. The present study examines the variables involved in the adaptation of a group of preschool-aged children from different cultural backgrounds in Spain. The results indicate that preschoolers, regardless of their background, have similar performance and learning potential, with language proficiency being the factor that most clearly affects the other variables investigated. It was also found that children’s attitudes toward learning were related to the presence of behavioral difficulties and with the quality and type of parental child-rearing practices. These practices appear to be related to a number of difficulties immigrant children may experience on personal and social levels. 相似文献
7.
博士生教育承担着为党和国家培养高层次人才的重要任务,全球化背景下知识经济竞争的加剧使得博士人才培养的重要性日益凸显。随着我国研究生招生规模的扩大,博士生教育面临的教育质量问题愈发严峻。博士生教育质量体现在博士生的学业成就上,而影响学业成就的因素是多方面的,了解影响因素并揭示相互之间的关联无疑可以帮助博士生顺利完成学业,提升高等教育质量。本研究基于契合理论,扩展了博士生环境契合度的理论框架,创建了更为细致的博士生教育契合度多维框架,包括博士生环境契合度、学生职业契合度和博士生文化契合度三个维度。该分析框架呈现了博士生教育契合度与博士生学业成就之间的关联,对于完善博士人才培养、提升教育质量具有重要作用。 相似文献
8.
随着信息技术的快速发展,网络学习已经成为人们生活中不可或缺的一种学习方式。以实现网络个性化学习为目标的自适应学习系统成为提高网络学习质量的重要研究课题。然而目前大多数自适应学习系统仅具有单向适应能力,即实现了系统根据用户特性适应性向学习者呈现学习资源、过程和策略的功能。尽管这种功能有助于解决学习者认知超载和网络迷航问题,一定程度上提高了学习效率,但学习者在此系统中是一种被动学习,不利于培养学习者自主学习能力和创新能力,也不利于促进学习者对知识的主动建构,还容易使学习者产生惰性。因此,应该充分考虑学习者和系统之间的主客体关系,在自适应学习系统中建立双向适应交互,即用户主动选择资源的适应性交互和系统主动推送资源的自适应交互。双向适应交互最为关键的是用户模型,而认知风格是用户模型中影响学习者个体差异的一个重要元素。从学习效率和使用感受两个层面实证评价双向适应交互性,以及认知风格对其的影响发现:采用自适应学习方式,学习者具有更积极的学习态度,能够取得更好的学习绩效;但认知风格会影响到自适应学习和适应性学习的绩效。 相似文献
9.
John Field 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(2):175-191
Although there is a widely held view that adult learning has a positive impact on well‐being, only recently has this proposition been systematically tested. A review of recent research confirms that adult learning has a clear influence on earnings and employability, both of which may influence well‐being indirectly. These are more important for some groups than others: in economically advanced societies, additional earnings produce limited gains in well‐being for most groups except the poorest, while employability is most significant for groups that are most vulnerable in the labour market. Recent studies have also shown that participating in learning in adult life has a positive direct influence on well‐being. Quantitative studies suggest that the influence is comparatively small, but it is nevertheless significant. There has been less investigation into the negative consequences of learning for well‐being, and the paper draws on current qualitative data to illustrate some of these less desirable influences. It concludes by identifying areas for further research, and outlining a number of implications for policy and practice. These are particularly important in the current context, where environmental movements appear to be challenging the primacy of economic growth as the overarching goal of policy. 相似文献
10.
方芳 《内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2006,(Z1)
在众多影响英语学习能力的因素中,认知方式、性格特征、语言学能和文化因素尤其容易影响学习者。笔者首先简要论述了认知主义对语言学习以及学习模式的影响,然后针对蒙古族学生的性格特征、语言学能、年龄和文化因素展开讨论,目的是帮助学习者提高学习能力和学习效率。 相似文献
11.
处于社会转型期的大学新生正经历着从高中到大学的改变和转折,其成长需求必然会体现出与众不同的个性,而这些需要能否被充分地认识和满足,直接关系到高等教育质量的保障。本研究通过问卷调查法与访谈法等实证研究方法,调查、分析当前高校新生独特的成长需求,认为家庭背景是影响新生成长需要的重要因素,高等教育体系的缺陷是影响新生成长需要的根本因素。要树立需求意识,依托高校思政教育,强化辅导员工作,满足高校新生的成长需求。 相似文献
12.
《Educational Assessment》2013,18(1):39-59
This study presents findings from research developing indicators of classroom practice to monitor the influence of school reform initiatives on students' learning environments and to support the improvement of instructional practice. The work reported here entailed collecting assignments and student work and observing classrooms in schools participating in a large-scale urban school reform effort. Overall, the reliability and consistency of the assignment ratings were good. Results also indicate that the quality of the assignments was statistically significantly associated with the quality of observed instruction and student work. It appears that our method shows promise for use in large-scale evaluation settings and identifies important dimensions of practice that could support teacher self-evaluation and reflection. 相似文献
13.
While research on English-medium instruction (EMI) has proliferated in the past decades, little research has examined how students from a monolingual background actually experience EMI, or the learning processes involved in such experiences. Drawing upon in-depth interviews and student reflection journals, this study examines the experiences of Chinese university students currently studying in an EMI university in Macau. The findings show that while the students were satisfied with their learning in the EMI context, and they all expressed a perceived necessity for EMI, EMI presented major challenges to their learning and increased their study burden, and the students had experienced numerous frustrations, difficulties and challenges in the transition from the CMI context to the EMI context. The findings also indicate that the students took various measures to address these difficulties and frustrations. This study can provide a better understanding of the real learning needs of Chinese students in an EMI context, and the strategies used by them to address the difficulties and challenges experienced in the transition from the CMI context to the EMI context. 相似文献
14.
《International Journal of Educational Research》2003,39(3):205-245
The aim of this article is to investigate the predictive capacity of major determinants of literacy proficiency that are associated with a variety of contexts including school, home, work, community and leisure. An identical structural model based on previous research is fitted to data for 18 countries. The results show that even after accounting for all factors education remains the most important predictor of literacy proficiency. In all countries, however, the total effect of education is significantly mediated through further learning occurring at work, at home and in the community. Therefore, the job and other literacy-related factors complement education in predicting literacy proficiency. This result points to a virtual cycle of lifelong learning, particularly to how educational attainment influences other learning behaviours throughout life. In addition, results show that home background as measured by parents’ education is also a strong predictor of literacy proficiency, but in many countries this occurs only if a favourable home background is complemented by some post-secondary education. 相似文献
15.
Pengtao Li Radhika Santhanam Catherine M. Carswell 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2009,7(2):377-410
Information technology (IT) artifacts such as animations are increasingly used in educational institutions. Researchers caution that, if we are to derive benefits from animations and other such IT artifacts, we must understand how to use it optimally. In this study, we look at the effects of animations in supporting learning processes. IT‐enabled animations dynamically depict changes in events and are used in the classroom as external representations to elaborate on the knowledge content transferred in the classroom. Research in related disciplines has investigated the effects of using these animations on student learning outcomes and has reported conflicting results. We propose that the theory of cognitive fit in information systems could reconcile these conflicting findings and offer some insight into how these animations might be used most beneficially. We conduct laboratory‐based experiments to test our ideas. Our findings indicate that these representations are superior to text‐based representations and reduce students' cognitive load only in learning tasks where animations have a good cognitive fit. We discuss the implications of our findings for the use of animations and other external representations in the classroom and for future research on the role of Technology Mediated Learning. 相似文献
16.
近几十年以来,“大学第一年教育”作为一个专用名词在西方高等教育的研究和实践中日益突出。它的出现有着深刻复杂的背景,其研究内容丰富,实践模式多样,对于当前我国高等教育具有重要的启示：高等教育大众化时代要重视大学生转型的研究和支持、高等教育教学质量建设需要关注大学生及其学习经历、高等教育大众化时期学生工作需要拓展方向和范围、质量战略下的高等教育研究需要关注微观领域。 相似文献
17.
论地方高校应用性专业教育机制的转型与对接——以国际经济与贸易专业为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在高等教育从精英教育向大众教育转变的背景下,地方性高校必须实现人才培养目标从学历教育到能力本位的战略转移,更加注重提高学生的学习能力、职业(就业)能力和创业能力,这已成为地方性高校推进教育教学改革的重要方向. 相似文献
18.
王茜 《贵州教育学院学报》2008,24(7):19-20
审美教育是素质教育的重要组成部分,亦是高校思想政治工作的重要内容。针对当前大学生审美素质现状,积极探索高校思想政治工作中审美教育新途径,帮助大学生树立正确的人生观、价值观,具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
19.
高职院校共青团工作创新与手机网络利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着互联网的飞速发展和信息时代的来临,网络、移动通信等设备已成为当代青年接受信息和学习生活中的重要媒体,高职院校共青团工作如何运用网络创新工作模式,通过互联网络、移动通信平台等引导青年、服务青年,提高共青团组织的凝聚力、战斗力和影响力,是高职院校共青团工作亟待解决的一大课题,共青团工作应围绕这一重大课题,顺应时代发展要求,运用移动手机网络新媒体,创新共青团工作的思路和实现途径. 相似文献
20.
Extra-Curricular Activity and the Transition from Higher Education to Work: A Survey of Graduates in the United Kingdom 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Guy Tchibozo 《Higher Education Quarterly》2007,61(1):37-56
This paper focuses on the effects of extra‐curricular activity on graduates' transition from higher education to the labour market. The study is based on a survey of 119 graduates conducted in 2004 in the UK. The data gathered cover a large range of social and leisure activities that the graduates carried on while students at their universities. Several aspects of their transitional process from student to worker are also covered. Data were analysed by means of linear and logistic regression models. Results show that extra‐curricular activity has a significant influence on the transition process. First, extra‐curricular experience gives access to better occupational status but lengthens the period of unemployment preceding the first job. Second, as compared with the most frequently observed extra‐curricular behaviour, two profiles could be distinguished: the one better performing than average, and the other worse performing. Results suggest extra‐curricular strategies to better enable graduates' effective transition to work. 相似文献