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1.
万寿竹六个居群的核型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了在云南境内的万寿竹Disporum cantoniense (Lour．)Merr．从滇东南经滇中到滇西
北不同居群间的核型变异。该种的染色体数目较为稳定，2n=14，没有观察到不同数目的变异。六个
居群的不对称性均属于3B型，但各个居群的核型结构表现出一定的差异，核型间随体位置和数目的不
同以及同源染色体的杂合性是居群间变异的主要特征，这种种内不同居群间核型的变异或许与该种的地理分布及生境有一定的相关性。 相似文献
2.
在分析研究6个云南松居群核型变异的基础上,应用常规统计方法和巢式分析方法,在常规染
色体水平上探讨云南松居群间、个体间和细胞间的变异式样及其分化。结果如下:(1)云南松居群核型
变异不显著,6个居群的核型公式均为2n=24m(6～10SAT),核型类型均为1A。(2)云南松居群仅相
对长度系数、臂比和次缢痕数目及其分布有小的变化。6个居群染色体相对长度系数(I．R．L)分别为:
滇中居群P1=16M2+6M1+2S;滇东南居群P2=14M2+8M1+2S;滇西居群P3=12M2+10M1+2S;
地盘松居群P4=14M2+8M1+2S;细叶云南松居群P5=14M2+8M1+2S;云南松与思茅松渗入杂交
居群P6=10M2+12M1+2S。(3)巢式方差等级分析表明,云南松染色体结构变异有10％左右来源于居群间,有90％左右来源于居群内个体间或细胞间。 相似文献
3.
利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对采自泡沙参复合体整个分布区的15个天然居群进行了等位酶
分析。7种酶系统共10个等位酶基因位点的检测表明,本复合体植物具有高水平的遗传变异性,居群
水平上的遗传多样性指标分别为:多态位点百分率P=0.40～0.70,等位基因平均数A=1.5～2.5,平
均期望杂合度He=0.102～0.291。3个类群在居群水平上的平均多样性水平由高至低依次为;A．
wawreana(A=2.10,P=0.63, He=0.237),A．lobophylla(A=1.85,P=0.60,He=0.204)和A．
potaninii(A=1.83,P=O.60,He=0.188)。居群遗传结构和交配系统的分析表明,本复合体植物的大
部分遗传变异存在于居群之内,Fst=0.176(A．wawreana)和0.115(A．potaninii),并以异交为主,异
交率估计值分别为t=0.86(A．wawreana),0.74(A．potaninii)和0.63(A．lobophylla),这是本复合
体植物具有丰富遗传变异的主要原因之一。根据15个居群的遗传一致度(I)值进行聚类分析发现,
15 个居群可分为明显的2支,由A．lobophylla 2个居群构成的一支与由A. wawreana 和A．potaninii 13
个居群构成的一支在遗传上的分化十分明显,而6个A．wawreana 居群和7个A．potaninii 居群间的
遗传差异不明显,是两个分化不充分的类群。因此,本文的等位酶证据说明,A．lobophylla是遗传上独立的好种,同时不支持将A．wawreana 和A. potaninii 分别作为独立种的处理。 相似文献
4.
应用等位酶分析，在瑞士阿尔卑斯山的阿尔拜特(Arpette)和拜阿尔普(Belalp)，沿三个不同的海拔梯度，研究了高山黄花茅3个自然居群的遗传变异和分化。研究结果表明，平均的多态性位点比例为64．9％，每个位点平均等位基因数为2．37，平均期望杂合性为0．252。亚居群间平均的遗传距离为0．011，发现79％的遗传变异存在于居群内。基于等位酶分析，边缘亚居群与中心亚居群似乎有类似的遗传变异性。相对比较高的遗传分化、低的亚居群间基因流和小的邻居大小值暗示，近交和随后的遗传漂变可能是导致阿尔拜特黄花茅居群遗传变异性较低的主要原因。 相似文献
5.
本文详细报道了滇蜀豹子花的核型，发现居群中存在两种细胞型，即A型和B型。A型参考核型为2n = 24＝2m(2SAT)+2sm+8st(4SAT)+12t(2SAT)，其第3号两条同源染色体长臂均无居间随体：B型参考核型为2n=24＝2m(2SAT)+2sm+8st(2SAT)+12t(3SAT)+0—1b，其第3号一条同源染色体长臂紧靠着丝点处有一大而明显的居间随体，而另一条同源染色体则无，构成明显的3号染色体的结构杂合性。统计表明，居群中二者的比例近似为1A；2B。研究还发现了大量的体细胞染色体结构变异核型，表明滇蜀豹子花核型尚未趋于稳定，还处于强烈分化之中，高频率的体细胞染色体结构变异是其种内分化不可忽视的一种进化要素。 相似文献
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7.
本文对国产葱属Allium 8个种的14个居群的染色体进行了研究。其染色体基数均为x=8，其中7个居群为二倍体(2n=2x=16)，6个居群为四倍体(2n=4x=32)，1个居群为多倍体复合体(2n=4x=32，2n=6x=48，2n=8x=64和2n=9x=72)。并发现随体染色体十分活跃，在多倍体中其数目并不都与其倍性相对应，并有“串状随体”现象出现；在有些类群中其形态变异较大，而随体染色体杂合形式的多态现象也较普遍。本文重点讨论了随体染色体的数目、形态变异及杂合现象在葱属进化中的作用，认为随体染色体形态变异及杂合现象的出现是葱属中遗传变异的重要源泉之一。并对葱属中的染色体基数及种内多倍性问题进行了初步讨论。 相似文献
8.
《科技通报》2017,(8)
为了研究泥蚶不同地理群体的遗传多样性和它们的系统进化关系,以采自来自7个地理群体的150个泥蚶个体为材料,对其线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基I(COI)的部分序列进行PCR扩增和序列比对,分析泥蚶群体的遗传多样性;计算泥蚶不同地理群体间的遗传距离及遗传分化系数,基于泥蚶群体平均遗传距离构建UPGMA聚类树;以毛蚶Anadara sativa为外群,用MEGA6.0软件中的ML法构建了泥蚶单倍型之间的系统进化树以及用Network4.6软件分析了所有单倍型的中介网络图。结果表明,泥蚶线粒体COI的基因片段的PCR产物大小约为509 bp。在目的序列片段中检测到了14个多态性位点,包括6个简约信息位点和8个单变异多态性位点,组成16个单倍型。群体中的核苷酸多态性和单倍型多态性均处于较低的水平,日本、海南、韩国三个群体的遗传变异程度相对较高。7个群体间的遗传距离在0.0002~0.0022之间,种群遗传分化系数(FST)值在-0.01646~0.34422之间。通过构建UPGMA聚类树,发现广西、江苏、山东三个群体聚成一个小支,之后依次和浙江、海南、韩国、日本聚在一起,但总体而言泥蚶的不同地理群体之间并没有形成明显的遗传分化。ML系统进化树和中介网络图表明在16个单倍型中,各单倍型之间未形成与其地理群体空间分布相对应的聚类单元,也不存在明显的进化关系。 相似文献
9.
张定成 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1989,27(6):451-453
本文报道了安徽黄山和九华山产草芍药Paeonia obovata Maxim．的校型，两个居群植物的核型
均为k(2n)=2x=10=6m+2sm+2st, 未见随体。它们的最长和最短染色体的比值均为1．47；臂
比大于2的染色体的百分比均为0.2，属Stebbins的2A核型。这说明草芍药种内不同居群植物的染 色体数目和核型都是极其稳定的，而且和芍药属Paeonia内已报道的其它种的染色体数目一致。 相似文献
10.
对葱属粗根韭的3个地方居群的核型分析结果表明,3个居群的核型表现出很大的差异。西藏
达孜居群为2n=2x=20=4m+10sm+2t(2SAT)+4T;四川乡城居群为2n=2x=20=10sm+6t
(2SAT)+4T;四川理县居群为2n=2x=20=6m+1Osm+2t(2SAT)+2T。虽然它们之间在核型上存
在差异,但除达孜居群的植株较矮小外,3个居群的植物在形态上却非常一致。理县居群的核型被认为
是原始类型,由它通过染色体结构变异,分别演化出更不对称的达孜居群和乡城居群。葱属中,目前只
发现4个种的染色体基数为10,除本种外其余3种分别是A．decipiens Fisch．;A．kujukense Vved．和
A．chelotum Wendelbo。根据这4个种的核型特征和分布格局,基数10可能有不同的起源,至少粗根韭
的起源与其余3种不同,而且起源最晚。粗根韭的核型特征及它与染色体基数为11的宽叶韭A．hook-
eri Thwaites在核型上的相似性,表明它们很可能共同起源于基数为10但现已绝灭的祖先种。此外,还探讨了该祖先种的起源问题。 相似文献
11.
《Electronic Journal of Biotechnology》2014,17(6):268-274
BackgroundGenetic diversity and genetic variation of 10 populations and subpopulations of Magnolia wufengensis, a new and endangered endemic species, were examined by inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular markers. Compared with other endangered endemic Magnolia taxa, M. wufengensis holds a relatively high level of genetic variation.ResultTotal genetic diversity was found to be 87.7% for ISSR and 88.0% for SRAP markers. For polymorphic loci (P), the effective mean number of alleles (Ae) was 1.414 for ISSR markers and 1.458 for SRAP markers, while the mean expected heterozygosity (H) was 0.256 using ISSR and 0.291 for SRAP markers. Within-population variation was estimated for P as 74.9% using ISSR and 74.6% with SRAP markers; the number of alleles Ae was 1.379 with ISSR and 1.397 for SRAP and H 0.235 with ISSR and 0.247 for SRAP markers.ConclusionThe analysis of molecular variation of both ISSR and SRAP marker systems indicated that most genetic variation is within populations, with values of 90.64% and 82.92% respectively. Mantel tests indicated a moderate association between the two marker systems and a low correlation between genetic and geographic distances. High levels of genetic diversity and low levels of population divergence suggest that genetic drift is not currently of great concern for this species. Severe habitat loss and fragmentation, predominantly ascribed to anthropogenic pressures, caused in-situ developing restriction of this species. Action for conserving this rare species for its long-term survival should be taken immediately. 相似文献
12.
采用水平式淀粉凝胶电泳技术,对中国产红豆杉属Taxus 3种1变种以及白豆杉Pseudotaxus
chienii共12个居群的遗传多样性进行了检测。对7个酶系统9个酶位点的分析结果表明,红豆杉属和
白豆杉的种内遗传多样性水平较高,各类群的多态位点比率(P)为44.4％～77.8％,等位基因平均数
(A)为1．6～2．1,平均期望杂合度(He)和实际观察杂合度(Ho)分别为0.065～0.152和0.068～0.111。
根据对等位酶实验结果的分析,结果表明除云南红豆杉T．yunnanensis与红豆杉属其它几个种的遗传
一致度稍低(I=0.727～0.804)外,红豆杉属的其它几个种的遗传一致度较高(0.906～0.995),体现其
亲缘关系很近。笔者建议将红豆杉属的这几个种合并为一个种,并根据地理分布及不同生境发生的变
异在种下设地理宗。同时根据等位酶的实验分析结果,白豆杉和红豆杉属各种的比较有显著差异,支持白豆杉作为单独属Pseudotaxus的处理。 相似文献
13.
BackgroundProcambarus clarkii produces high-quality, delicious meat that is high in protein, low in fat, and rich in calcium and phosphorus. It has become an important aquatic resource in China. Our objectives are (i) to analyze the level of genetic diversity of P. clarkii populations; (ii) to explore the genetic differentiation (Gst); and (iii) to propose appropriate strategies for the conservation.ResultsIn this study, Shannon's index (I) and Nei's gene diversity index (H) for P. clarkii were high (I = 0.3462 and H = 0.2325 on average and I = 0.6264, H = 0.4377 at the species level) based on the SSR markers. The expected heterozygosity value of 17 microsatellite loci in 25 crayfish populations was 0.9317, the observed heterozygosity value was 0.9121, and the observed number of alleles per locus was 2.000; and the effective number of alleles per locus was 1.8075. Among the P. clarkii populations, the inbreeding coefficient within populations (Fis) was 0.2315, overall inbreeding coefficient (Fit) was 0.4438, genetic differentiation coefficient among populations (Fst) was 0.3145 and gene differentiation (Gst) was 0.4785 based on SSR analyses. The cluster analysis results obtained by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and STRUCTURE analysis were similar. A mantel test showed that the isolation-by-distance pattern was not significant.ConclusionsThe high Gst among P. clarkii populations is attributed to genetic drift and geographic isolation. The results indicated that more P. clarkii populations should be collected when formulating conservation and aquaculture strategies.How to citeLiu F, Qu Y-K, Geng C, et al. Analysis of the population structure and genetic diversity of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in China using SSR markers. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.06.007. 相似文献
14.
BackgroundAssessments of genetic diversity are essential for germplasm characterization and exploitation. Molecular markers are valuable tools for exploring genetic variation and identifying germplasm. They play key roles in a Xanthoceras sorbifolia breeding program.ResultsWe analyzed the genetic diversity of populations of this species using 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and data on kernel oil content. The 11 populations included in the study were distributed across a large geographic range in China. The kernel oil content differed significantly among populations. The SSR marker analysis detected high genetic diversity among the populations. All SSRs were polymorphic, and we identified 80 alleles across the populations. The number of alleles at each locus ranged from two to six, averaging 3.48 per primer pair. The polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.35 to 0.70, averaging 0.51. Expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity, and Shannon's information index calculations detected large genetic variations among populations of different provenance. The high average number of alleles per locus and the allelic diversity observed in the set of genotypes analyzed indicated that the genetic base of this species was relatively wide. The statistically significant positive correlation between genetic and geographic distances suggested adaptations to local conditions.ConclusionsMicrosatellite markers can be used to efficiently distinguish X. sorbifolia populations and assess their genetic diversity. The information we have provided will contribute to the conservation and management of this important plant genetic resource. 相似文献
15.
《Electronic Journal of Biotechnology》2014,17(6):317-321
BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity of Pantaneiro sheep, using microsatellite markers, in order to assist maintenance and management plans, enhance mating systems and reduce the inbreeding rate. A total of 127 animals were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci. They belonged to populations from the Experimental Farm of the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD) (Dourados/MS/Brazil) and Embrapa Pantanal (Corumbá/MS/Brazil).ResultsThe population of Pantaneiro sheep from the UFGD exhibited a high mean number of alleles (11.13) and allelic richness (10.66). The polymorphic information content was highly informative in the locus studied, resulting in a mean value of 0.71. Observed heterozygosity was lower than expected for all molecular markers assessed. The analysis of molecular variance showed a differentiation rate of 5.2% between populations.ConclusionsThe results of the statistical parameters indicated that populations of Pantaneiro sheep require special attention on herd management, and it's further necessary to implement breeder exchange programs in order to preserve the genetic variability of these populations. Furthermore, the maintenance of those populations in their typical habitats is rather required to allow different responses from the herds to the interactions between genotype and environment. 相似文献
16.
《Electronic Journal of Biotechnology》2014,17(4):168-173
BackgroundGenetic diversity of sheep in Jordan was investigated using microsatellite markers (MS). Six ovine and bovine MS located on chromosomes 2 and 6 of sheep genome were genotyped on 294 individual from ten geographical regions.ResultsThe number of alleles per locus (A), the expected heterozygosity (He) and observed heterozygosity (Ho) were measured. Overall A, He and Ho were 12.67, 0.820 and 0.684, respectively. On the other hand, genetic distances undoubtedly revealed the expected degree of differentiation among the studied populations. The finding showed closeness of three populations from south (Maan, Showbak and Tafeilah) to each other. Populations from the middle regions of Jordan (Karak, Madaba, Amman, AzZarqa and Mafraq) were found to be in one cluster. Only two populations of the middle region were an exception: AlSalt and Dead Sea. Finally, sheep populations from Irbid were located in separated cluster. It was clear that the studied predefined populations were subdivided from four populations and would be most probably accounted as ancestral populations. These results indicate that number of population is less than the predefined population as ten based on geographical sampling areas.ConclusionsThe possible inference might be that geographical location, genetic migration, similar selection forces, and common ancestor account for population admixture and subdivision of Awassi sheep breed in Jordan. Finally, the present study sheds new light on the molecular and population genetics of Awassi sheep from different regions of Jordan and to utilize the possible findings for future management of genetic conservation under conditions of climate changes and crossbreeding policy. 相似文献
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18.
由于青藏高原的地貌效应,第四纪冰期气候的反复变化应对现今该地区生物的地理分布及其居群遗传结构产生重大影响。本文对这一地区特有分布物种祁连圆柏Juniperus przewalskii Kom.整个分布区内20居群392个个体的trnT-trnF序列变化进行了研究;共发现3种单倍型(haplotype),构成两种地理区域:高原台面上的居群主要固定Hap A,而Hap A、Hap B和Hap C在高原边缘居群均有分布。所有居群总的遗传多样性HT = 0.511,GST= 0.847。在低海拔的高原边缘,Hap A、Hap B和Hap C高频率固定在不同的居群中,表明可能存在多个不同的避难所,居群反复缩小和扩张的瓶颈效应造成了遗传多样性的丢失。而边缘的一个居群含有两种相似单倍型频率则可能是冰期后迁移融合而成或者该居群在冰期经受的瓶颈作用更弱。高原台面东部间断分布的居群只固定Hap A,表明它们可能经历了冰期后共同的回迁过程和由此产生的奠基者效应。我们的研究结果表明祁连圆柏在冰期可能存在多个避难所,瓶颈效应和奠基者效应造成了这些居群现在的遗传多样性分布式样。 相似文献
19.
BackgroundGenetic diversity studies are important for the selection of parents with a greater combination capacity that, when crossed, increase the chances of obtaining superior genotypes. Thus, 26 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 140 individual samples from 12 diploid sugar beet pollinators (pollen parents) and two cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) lines (seed parents). Eight pollinators originated from three research centers in the United States Department of Agriculture, while four pollinators and cms lines were from the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia.ResultsIn total, 129 alleles were obtained, with a mean of 3.2 alleles per SSR marker. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.87 (mean = 0.30). Expected heterozygosity and Shannon's information index were the lowest for marker BQ590934 and the highest for markers SB15s and FDSB502s; the same markers were the most informative, with PIC values of 0.70 and 0.69, respectively. Three private alleles were found in pollinator EL0204; two in pollinator C51; and one in pollinators NS1, FC221, and C93035. Molecular variance showed that 77.34% of the total genetic variation was attributed to intrapopulation variability. Cluster and correspondence analysis grouped sugar beet pollinators according to the breeding centers, with few exceptions, which indicate that certain amount of germplasm was shared, although centers had their own breeding programs.ConclusionsThe results indicate that this approach can improve the selection of pollinators as suitable parental components and could further be applied in sugar beet breeding programs. 相似文献