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青海共和盆地草地生产力模拟及其影响因素分析 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
基于DEM构建了青海共和盆地草地生产力的模型,并且进一步构建了基于作物水分耗散和放牧因子校正的青海共和盆地草地生产力模型,研究结果表明:①共和盆地草地的光温生产潜力15.3 t/hm2,光温生产潜力约为光合生产潜力的53%,而且在山区约为44%,滩地约为54%,河谷约为58%,所以在共和盆地温度应当是限制牧草生产能力的一个非常重要的因子,并且在山区温度对牧草的生产能力的影响较大;②共和盆地牧草的气候生产潜力约6.6t/hm2,气候生产潜力是光温生产潜力的43%,是光合生产潜力的23%;而且河谷、滩地牧草的气候生产潜力分别约为光温生产潜力的34%和41%,山地约为69%,水分对牧草的气候生产潜力影响在河谷和滩地要大于山地,尤其是草原化荒漠和荒漠化草原气候生产力相对较低;共和盆地的实际草地生产力是气候生产力的1/5～1/12;经过作物水分需求和放牧的校正,草地生产力平均2.2t/hm2,与实际生产力很接近.所以牧草水分需求和放牧强度对草地生产力影响很大,尤其反映出草地放牧已成为草地生产力降低,草地退化的重要原因之一. 相似文献
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秋大豆不同播种期与种植密度对植株生长及其产量的关系模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《科技通报》2016,(4)
为了探明秋大豆生长发育及其主要经济性状与栽培技术的关系,选择不同播种期和种植密度2个试验因素,布置田间试验,测定有关参数。结果表明,秋大豆生长发育历期与密度无显著关系,而与播种期存在极显著相关,并随播种期推迟而缩短,全生育期(D)与播种期(t1)的关系模型为D=98.80-0.6333t1;植株性状和主要经济性状与种植密度的关系均未达显著水准,而与播种期极显著相关,且随播种期推迟而减弱;产量(Y)与不同播种期和密度种植有极显著关系,且互作有显著差异,从播种期和密度两者对产量的影响来看,播种期相对占有较高权重,产量随播种期推迟而下降,其关系模型为Y=3405.03-63.334t1。秋大豆早播密植能够显著提高产能,适时早播是高产栽培的关键措施。 相似文献
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近年来我国大豆需求量迅猛增长,每年大豆需求量在2800万t左右,而国内每年大豆产量仅在1650万t左右,难以满足需求。为满足国内外对大豆的需求,针对大豆的高产栽培技术进行了探讨,提出了有效的高产和稳产的方案,对提高我国的大豆栽培技术及大豆产量、质量贡献一份力量。 相似文献
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1961年至2007年东北地区水分盈亏变化趋势及其影响与响应 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用1961年-2007年东北地区124个气象站的气候资料,采用Penman-Monteith模型计算参考蒸散量,进而计算水分盈亏量,对水分盈亏量时空演变特征及其影响与响应进行分析.研究表明:东北地区10年际全年、春季、秋季和冬季水分盈亏量以亏缺为主,夏季以盈余为主,东北地区全年、夏季、秋季和冬季水分盈亏量都呈先减少后增加的趋势,但总体上呈减少趋势,速率分别为-4.2mm/10a、-3.4mm/10a、-2.2 mm/10a、-0.7 mm/10a;春季呈弱增多趋势,其速率为7.5 mm/10a,东北地区有逐渐变干的趋势.从地域分布看,有2/3的地区呈下降趋势,1/3的地区呈上升趋势.对各气象因子与水分盈亏量的相关分析表明,影响水分盈亏量变化的主要因子是降水量,其次是温度.当温度变化时,各季节水分盈亏量变化:冬季>秋季>夏季>春季;当降水量变化时,各季节水分盈亏量变化:夏季>秋季>春季>冬季.由此可见,温度的变化对冬季的水分盈亏量影响最大,降水的变化对夏季水分盈亏量影响最大.受水分亏缺影响,干旱频率增加、区域扩大,粮食生产不稳定性增加. 相似文献
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基于净初级生产力的海南天然橡胶产胶潜力研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以CASA模型为基础,建立基于MODIS数据的天然橡胶林净初级生产力遥感估算模型,利用2009年生长季（4月-12月）250m分辨率的MODIS数据和气象站点的气象数据估算了阳江农场天然橡胶的生长季净初级生产力（NPP）。并通过天然橡胶的干物质分配率计算了阳江农场天然橡胶的产胶潜力,最后以地面实际橡胶干胶产量的时间序列、空间序列与估算的天然橡胶林产胶潜力进行了相关分析。结果表明,阳江农场天然橡胶产胶潜力空间差异显著,且在时间变化上具有明显的季节性规律;产胶潜力与实际干胶产量存在明显的线性关系,表明本研究所采用的天然橡胶林净初级生产力估算模型、产胶潜力估算模型可行。2009年阳江农场全场的产胶潜力为5573t,比实际年干胶产量4572t高出22%,阳江农场干胶产量仍有很大的提升空间。 相似文献
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越橘(Vaccinium vitis-idaea具有明目、防止脑神经衰老、抗癌等功效,还可用于天然食用色素的提取,是一种极具发展潜力的第3代新兴水果,其研究对指导生产实际有重要的实用价值。本文综述了越橘对各种逆境胁迫的生理响应,具体分析了温度、水分、重金属和光胁迫对越橘生长、产量和生理方面的影响以及不同品种的越橘对各种胁迫的适应性,为不同地区的越橘种植提供参考。分析发现,抗寒能力较好的是"北村"和"美登",而耐热能力较好的是"夏普蓝"。"北村"和"奥尼尔"适合干旱地区种植,"艾朗"、"蓝丰"和"科丽尔"适合在多雨水地区种植。 相似文献
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水为大豆生态因子之一,对大豆的生长起着重要作用。大豆产量的变化受水分条件的影响较大,科研工作者通过近几年的观察和试验,着重研究了大豆的需水特点和灌水技术,为提高大豆大面积单产提供依据。 相似文献
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模拟根系分区交替滴灌对茄子生长与水分利用的影响研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过玻璃土箱试验模拟了交替滴灌方式、固定滴灌方式和常规滴灌方式对茄子生长、根系分布和产量及水分利用的影响。结果表明,交替滴灌使灌溉用水效率明显增加,产量水平上的水分利用效率达58．0kg/m^3,可节约用水30％以上并增加产量;交替滴灌减少水分入渗深度,刺激根系生长,明显提高根密度．并在土壤中分布均匀：交替滴灌通过部分根区干燥产生根源信号调节气孔行为,使蒸腾速率明显降低,而植株光合作用没有受到明显影响,使单叶水分利用效率得以提高。 相似文献
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近20年来西藏耕地与人口变化相关分析 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：21
采用1981年～2001年的统计资料,用统计分析方法,研究了近20年来西藏耕地变化过程与地域分异特征,建立了耕地与人口相关模型,分析了西藏耕地与人口相关性变化趋势以及不同地区耕地与乡村人口相关的区域差异性,提出了劳耕密度的概念.结果表明:①近20年来西藏耕地面积呈现波动增加趋势,但增加速度缓慢,不同时段耕地年均递增率呈现低-负-高模式,耕地变化地域差异特征明显;②利用2001年耕地与对应的乡村人口数据建立了二者之间的E型指数曲线相关模型,发现耕地面积与乡村人口数之间存在着极显著的正相关关系;③由1981年～2001年西藏全区耕地面积与乡村人口数据建立的E型曲线模型,相关性虽呈正相关,但未达到O.05水平的差异显著性,且不同地区乡村人口数与耕地面积之间的相关系数在不同时期差别较大;④1981年～2001年期间,人均耕地面积减少了O.0301hm2,年均递减率为1.13%,而劳耕密度呈现增长趋势,净增加0.4943人/hm2,年递增率为0.64%,在不同时段人均耕地面积及劳耕密度的变化幅度及趋势不同. 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献