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1.
我国优秀男子跳远运动员专项素质指标体系及评价方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用文献资料与调研、因子分析及回归分析等方法，对我国24名优秀男子跳远运动员身体素质与专项成绩的关系进行分析研究。研究结果：（1）建立了我国优秀男子跳远运动员专项素质指标体系，该体系由专项速度、专项力量和专项跳跃3个层面、5个要素、15项具体指标（评价元）构成；（2）建立了跳远运动员专项成绩预测模型及评价标准；（3）制定了跳远运动员专项素质综合发展水平评定方法、各项素质发展均衡程度的评定方法及技术水平与专项素质综合发展发展水平之间适应程度的评定方法。 相似文献
2.
对我国优秀女子蹦床运动员专项身体素质结构及评价标准的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以国家蹦床集训队女子运动员为研究对象，采用文献资料调研、调查、访谈、测量等研究方法，对我国优秀女子蹦床运动员的专项身体素质结构及评价标准进行研究。结果表明：我国优秀女子蹦床运动员专项身体素质主要是由专项综合素质因子、腹肌力量因子、背肌力量因子、柔韧性因子、灵敏性因子构成；原地纵跳、网上连续垂直跳6次、网上连续垂直跳10次、30m跑、悬垂举腿（30S）、俯卧起上体（30S）是反映运动员竞技水平的主要专项身体素质指标；在此基础上，构建了我国优秀女子蹦床运动员专项身体素质的结构模型和专项身体素质与运动成绩的多元回归方程，并制定了专项身体素质发展水平评价指标的标准分数表和运动员专项身体素质综合水平的评价标准及发展均衡度的评价标准。经检验，所制定的专项身体素质综合水平评价标准及发展均衡度的评价标准效果较好。 相似文献
3.
男子散打优秀运动员智力特征与评价标准 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用瑞文标准推理测验方法，对我国现役男子散打优秀运动员的智力水平进行测试分析。结果表明：（1）男子散打优秀运动员的智力总体等级分布处于中等水平，有偏下趋势；（2）男子散打优秀运动员智力结构分布不同于其它男子运动项目优秀运动员，智力测验成绩主要取决于单元C、单元A和单元E的原始得分。依据全样本测验成绩与各个单元原始得分建立回归方程以及智力评价参考标准。 相似文献
4.
通过对２１名中外优秀男子跳远运动员起跳技术特征的比较研究，认为：世界优秀跳远运动员只有各方面素质均衡发展提高，各项技术最佳组合与匹配才能取得优异成绩；世界跳远运动水平的进一步提高，有赖于跳远运动员短跑速度的发展；保持一定的水平速度，努力提高速度转换率，增大腾起垂直速度和腾起角度，这是世界优秀跳远运动员起跳技术的最显著特征；助跑最后６￣１ｍ的速度、腾起速度垂直分量、腾起角度、水平速度转换率、水平速度损失率是综合评价跳远起跳效果的最主要指标。 相似文献
5.
通过对我国25名优秀定向运动员（女12名,男13名）和32名一般定向运动员（女15名,男17名）图形记忆能力的测试,发现我国定向运动员的图形记忆水平在中等以上,以优秀为主,绝大多数优秀运动员的图形记忆水平都在优秀;图形记忆测验可用于定向运动员选材。 相似文献
6.
主要运用心理测量法,采用"注意力测验(AT)"作为测验工具,对男子散打运动员的注意特征进行测量。结果表明:优秀与一般男子散打运动员的注意特征整体水平具有差别。其中,优秀男子散打运动员注意广度水平高于一般运动员,但一般运动员的注意稳定性和注意转移则好于优秀运动员。 相似文献
7.
优秀武术散打运动员有氧代谢能力特征研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
目的：了解我国优秀散打运动员有氧代谢能力的水平与特征。方法：以我国35名优秀散打运动员为研究对象，对递增负荷运动过程中各时段气体代谢指标、生理、生化指标的动态变化情况进行测定分析。结果：运动员水平越高，VO2max越大，散打运动项目要求运动员具备较强的有氧代谢能力。有目的通过身体训练提高有氧代谢能力促进运动员整体供能水平的提高；通过递增负荷运动中RQ、HR、O2-pluse和BLa的动态变化规律，显示优秀组运动员有氧、无氧代谢能力、心肺功能和耐受乳酸能力均优于一般组运动员，揭示散打运动水平与运动员有氧和糖酵解供能能力有着密切关系。 相似文献
8.
以参加全国运动会武术比赛的195名优秀运动员为调查对象，采用SCL-90问卷调查，发现优秀武术运动员各项因子分值大于3的仅占2％～9%；9个因子得分优秀男运动员低于优秀女运动员（P〈0．05）；C组（普通高校武术特长生）和B组（体工队退役队员）运动员对文化知识的迫切度高于A组（体工队现役队员）武术运动员。优秀武术运动员心理健康状况良好；运动员的心理健康状况与性别、文化层次有关，建议在训练中根据运动员性别进行心理调整，并不断提高运动员的文化水平，以创造优异的运动成绩。 相似文献
9.
对优秀男子体操运动员专项身体素质训练模型的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究目的：建立专项身体素质基本结构模型，从而以此能有效地控制运动员专项身体素质的训练。研究方法：采用了文献资料法，调查访问法，测量法和数理统计法。主要结论：优秀体操运动员的专项身体素质主要受五个因子的影响和控制；专项身体素质综合评价模型能比较客观地、全面地评定出运动员的专项身体素质训练水平，为运动员的专项素质训练提供了理论参考依据。 相似文献
10.
优秀青少年乒乓球运动员训练水平综合评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对2003年1月参加中国青年奥运集训的114名运动员的体能、技能、心理等方面的测试数据进行因子分析，结合专家调查筛选出了包含形态2项、素质和机能3项、心理3项、技术3～4项、战术3项的全面的、综合的优秀运动员训练水平综合评价指标体系，该指标体系经过对2005年1月中国女子青少年集训队的科技攻关服务的实际应用证明：该指标体系在方法学上是可靠的、可行的、能反映出我国优秀青少年乒乓球运动员的综合训练水平，可以为检查训练效果、制定训练计划和选拔运动员提供客观依据，并为中国乒乓球队的科技攻关服务起到了科技支持的作用。 相似文献
11.
优秀运动员身体机能评定的方法及存在问题 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
系统总结了优秀运动员身体机能评定的目的、生理生化指标和评定方法,提出了开展优秀运动员机能评定工作时的注意事项,并对当前优秀运动员机能评定中存在的问题及研究方向进行了论述。 相似文献
12.
Markus Gerber Ralf Brand Franziska Antoniewicz Sandrine Isoard-Gautheur Henrik Gustafsson Renzo Bianchi 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(14):1673-1680
The development of cynical attitudes towards elite sport is a core symptom of athlete burnout and has been associated with dropout from elite sport. To date, this phenomenon has mainly been studied by investigating explicit attitudes towards sport, whereas athletes’ automatic evaluations (i.e. implicit attitudes) that have been shown to influence behavior as well were not considered. This study aimed to compare explicit and implicit attitudes towards sport of young elite athletes with high (N = 24) versus low (N = 26) burnout symptoms. Using self-reported measures, general and athlete burnout symptoms were assessed. Additionally, a single-target implicit association test was administered to examine participants’ automatic evaluation of sport. Statistical analysis revealed greater emotional/physical exhaustion and sport devaluation in athletes reporting high compared to low burnout symptoms. Implicit attitudes towards sport did not significantly differ between the groups. Furthermore, no significant correlations were observed between different athlete burnout symptoms and implicit attitudes. Athletes with high burnout symptoms show a tendency to explicitly detach themselves from sport, thus fostering sport devaluation as a core symptom of athlete burnout. However, this process does not seem to be reflected in their implicit attitudes towards sport. 相似文献
13.
In German sports science, the national elite sport promotion system is a steady topic of discussions. The federal government and the German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) expect new impetus of the reformed elite sport system in the areas of, inter alia, young athlete promotion, scientific support, and the coaches’ situation in German elite sport. The present article is a discipline-specific approach to these three issues for men’s artistic gymnastics. The first author served in various functions in German gymnastics (former squad athlete, young athletes‘ coach, academic teaching) for several years and is familiar with essential problems due to close communication with gymnasts, coaches, scientists, and officials. The purpose of this article is to point out specific challenges in men’s artistic gymnastics in view of the present debate on the German elite sport promotion system. This is intended to stimulate further discussions on solution approaches concerning the common exploitation of potentials. 相似文献
14.
Increasing attention has been given to the effective development of elite athletes. In this inquiry, the authors used a historical case study to ascertain the ways elite athletes were developed in a different era of sport in the United States. Using the attraction, retention, and transition frameworks, the factors that fostered the development of athletes from the 1968 Summer Olympics were drawn out through oral history interviews. In total, interviews with 59 U.S. Olympians were conducted. The results reveal how the athletes experienced supportive recruitment and retention environments, were able to manage the difficulty of developing elite talent, and encountered both challenges and opportunities transitioning through and out of elite sport. This analysis demonstrates how sport development principles are diverse in their temporal relevance and reinforce the practical implications meant to serve the modern athlete. Further, at least some sport development principles could remain constant regardless of how context and elite athlete experiences evolve in the future. 相似文献
15.
The purpose of this paper is to examine and map the process of Australian elite athlete development from an organisational perspective, that of 35 national sporting organisations (NSOs). Research on elite development has focused on the significance of economic and cultural factors (macro-level studies) and the role of sport science and athletes’ close environment (micro-level studies) in fostering success. In an effort to depict elite athlete development processes in a more inclusive way, this paper offers an evaluation of the ways elite athletes are nurtured from an Australian NSOs perspective adopting a meso-level approach (e.g., programs). The study is based on a document analysis examining 74 annual reports from 35 NSOs over a period of four years, before and after the Sydney Olympic Games and offers a generic framework of the Australian elite athlete development process. The resulting framework shows that various interested groups are involved with nurturing elite athletes through either initiating or implementing specially designed programs or other strategies that cultivate success, and helps broaden the definition of elite development. The implications of successful elite athlete development include increased finances and public profile for sports as well as the creation of pathways to increase interest in sport. 相似文献
16.
女子跆拳道运动员注意瞬脱现象的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对女子跆拳道运动员与普通女大学生、高水平与一般水平女子跆拳道运动员之间注意瞬脱特征进行测试,结果显示,女子跆拳道运动员的注意瞬脱特征与普通女大学生相比较注意瞬脱持续时间短,注意瞬脱程度轻.表现出了注意瞬脱的群体差异;女子高水平跆拳道运动员较一般水平女子跆拳道运动员注意瞬脱持续时间短,注意瞬脱程度轻,表现出了运动级别差异. 相似文献
17.
运用文献资料法、访谈法和系统分析法,对福建省普通高校高水平田径队状况及发展对策进行研究。研究表明：福建省高校高水平田径运动员中,运动水平真正达到高水平者数量偏少;教练员对高水平运动员系统训练接触和了解甚少,训练经验有限;教练员由＂教学型＂,向＂训练型＂转变周期延长;训练时间不足对系统训练造成影响;福建省普通高校高水平田径队普遍面临训练经费不足的窘境。据此,针对性地提出发展建议和对策。 相似文献
18.
运用16PF测量人格,分析优秀大学生田径运动员人格特征与其人际环境之间的关系,结果显示：父母关心程度不同的运动员在聪慧性、实验性、紧张性、敏感性、幻想性、忧虑性上有显著差异;父母感情程度不同的运动员在聪慧性、稳定性和幻想性上差异显著;教练关心程度不同的运动员在敢为性上差异显著;与教练关系融洽程度不同的运动员在聪慧性和自律性上差异显著;与队友关系融洽程度不同的运动员在聪慧性、兴奋性和自律性上差异显著。 相似文献
19.
我国优秀运动员奖励政策实施效果的影响因素分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在研读文献资料、实地调查和专家咨询基础上设计专家问卷，对影响我国优秀运动员奖励政策实施的因素进行问卷调查。通过问卷统计和因子分析，认为当前影响我国优秀运动员奖励政策实施效果的因素主要有社会保障因素、经济条件因素、管理体制因素、观念意识因素、赛制与竞技水平因素。因此，奖励政策实施工作的完善应从多方面着眼和着手。 相似文献
20.
Seth Brown 《Sport, Education and Society》2015,20(2):228-240
High-performance sport is a big business, with nations such as Australia and New Zealand dedicating hundreds of millions of dollars in the development of facilities and in creating sporting centres of excellence. Historically, high-performance sport and elite athlete programmes (EAPs) were regulated to an extra-curricular space in schools or local communities, but over the last couple of decades, schools in Australia and New Zealand have introduced EAPs into health and physical education (PE). Recent work has begun to explore the rationale for these programmes and their educational priorities, but little research has explored how the elite athlete body is being constructed within this curriculum space. In this paper, I consider two interrelated problems. The first concerns the conflicting discourses of winning in high-performance sport versus getting everyone healthy and active in health and PE. The second involves an explanation of how the elite athlete body is being constructed in these programmes. I argue the juxtaposition of the elite athlete body as disciplined, attractive and healthy to other bodies as lazy, unattractive and unhealthy renders the other bodies as pathological or resistant to disciplinary institutions of the school. In particular, I focus on the ways in which young people's bodies are conceptualised within EAPs in relation to recreation, health, PE and other curriculum spaces. Throughout this paper, I provide examples to illustrate how EAPs may perpetuate normative ways of thinking that legitimatise elitism in schools. I propose that under radical reform, EAPs may have the potential to provide educational value and opportunities to students. I conclude by offering the cultural studies curriculum model that retains sport and desirable educational outcomes for health and PE as an alternative to elite athlete or talent development models. 相似文献