共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
耐力素质指有机体在较长的时间内，保持特定强度负荷或动作质量的能力。耐力与力量和速度这两种素质的结合，在田径运动中分别表现为力量耐力和速度耐力。影响田径运动员耐力素质的因素有：运动员对长时间工作的心理耐受程度、运动器官持续工作的能力、能源物质的储存情况和长时间工作中氧代谢的能力，以及掌握运动技术的熟练程度和功能节省化的水平等。 相似文献
2.
赛艇运动员力量耐力训练的测试分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用研制的力量素质测试设备,对武汉体育学院女子轻量级赛艇运动员的杠铃卧拉力量耐力训练手段进行了测试.测试结果说明,赛艇运动员的力量耐力可以通过功率变化来评定,可以通过功率变化幅度判断一名运动员的力量耐力水平,通过这种简单的测试方法可以科学地指导运动员训练. 相似文献
3.
肌肉感受性直接反映运动员心理控制水平的高低。对竞技健美操等,通过成套动作完成比赛的技能主导表现难美类项群运动项目成绩的影响由为明显。本文用实验法,对竞技健美操运动员力量耐力训练前后进行了上肢和下肢肌肉感受性误差值测试。通过前后两次测试结果对比发现,运动员在力量耐力训练后,其肌肉感受性能力不仅没有受到抑制,反而有了一定的提高,这从又一个侧面证明力量耐力训练是提高竞技健美操运动员专项水平的重要途径。 相似文献
4.
运用专项攻击能力测试与评价系统对不同运动等级散打运动员力量耐力、速度耐力进行综合测试和评价。研究结果为:1)优秀组平均击打力度大于普通组,有显著性差异;优秀组击打次数大于普通组,没有显著性差异;2)每个时间段优秀组平均击打力度、击打次数均大于普通组,但只有后10 s的平均击打力度具有显著性差异;3)普通组平均击打力度、击打次数均呈下降趋势,击打次数前10 s与中10 s、后10 s比均具有高度显著性差异;4)优秀组平均击打力度、击打次数均呈下降趋势,击打次数前10 s与中10 s有显著性差异,前10 s与后10 s有高度显著性差异。建议:应重视散打运动员速度耐力、力量耐力的训练,并应加强速度耐力、力量耐力训练方法的研究,尤其应加强散打体能训练模型的构建。 相似文献
5.
两种不同YO-YO间歇测试对评价足球运动员专项耐力的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
YO-YO间歇耐力测试和YO-YO间恢复测试是目前国际上最流行的评价足球专项耐力的方法,但国内相关研究较少.通过查阅国内外文献,分析综述其用于评价足球运动员专项耐力的有效性、敏感性及可重复性,以供足球训练参考.已有的研究结果显示,YO-YO间歇耐力测试主要用于评价运动员在长时间间歇运动中反复进行大强度运动的能力,但相关实验研究较少.而YO-YO间歇恢复测试对于评价足球运动员反复高强度冲刺中的恢复能力有效性较好,并具较好的敏感性和可重复性. 相似文献
6.
短跑运动员下肢肌肉耐力的实验测试及特征参数力学模型的构建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对14名短跑运动员的下肢肌肉耐力进行了测试,并对所测的数据进行了数据拟合,进而构建了力学建模。结果表明:男子肌肉耐力的力学模型为F=2.02e-0.00235t(kN),而女子为F=1.66e-0.00313t(kN);男运动员比女运动员的力量峰值大,力量衰减系数小,表明男运动员的耐力要强于女运动员。 相似文献
7.
耐力是指人体抗疲劳的能力,是一切运动的基础,对运动员的发展具有决定性的作用。大体分为力量耐力、速度耐力、一般耐力和综合耐力。一般耐力是指较长时间维持不需要较高速度和力量的运动能力：速度耐力是指较长时间快速运动的能力：力量耐力是指较长时间克服较大阻力的能力;综合耐力是以上几种耐力的结合。 相似文献
8.
自行车运动员进行功率自行车3种递增负荷运动实验比较有氧耐力研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:通过40名自行车专业运动员在功率自行车上进行3种递增负荷运动实验比较有氧耐力.方法:40名自行车运动员(男21,女19)在功率自行车上进行有氧力竭运动,分别采用3 min递增法、1 min递增法和线性递增法进行运动负荷递增,用Oxyam Pro运动心肺功能仪观察最大耗氧量(VO2max)、心率(HRmax)、呼吸商(RQ)等指标,运动前、后采集血乳酸(Lac).结果:3种递增负荷运动实验的VO2max、HRmax指标无显著性差异(P>0.05),3种实验的RQ、Lac指标差异无显著规律性.结论:自行车运动员进行功率自行车3种递增负荷运动实验比较有氧耐力没有统计学差异,3种递增负荷运动实验均可作为功率自行车进行有氧耐力测试的方法. 相似文献
9.
以武汉体育学院男子拳击队17名优秀运动员(其中健将级运动员6名、一级运动员11名)为研究对象,进行为期8周的针对性训练实验分析.研究确定单臂推、拉皮条出拳、拳卧撑、哑铃空击、负重滑步、蹲跳出拳、抛杠铃片等7项内容作为评价指标,通过科学的训练方法和合理负荷安排快速发展拳击运动员的力量耐力素质. 相似文献
10.
跆拳道运动员专项耐力的特点及其训练方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过现场生理、生化测试的方法，对跆拳道运动员的赛后即刻心率及血乳酸进行分析。结果表明，其专项能力特点是以无氧耐力为主。在此基础上，论述了提高跆拳道运动员无氧耐力的几种训练方法。 相似文献
11.
The benefits of living and training at altitude (HiHi) for an improved altitude performance of athletes are clear, but controlled studies for an improved sea-level performance are controversial. The reasons for not having a positive effect of HiHi include: (1) the acclimatization effect may have been insufficient for elite athletes to stimulate an increase in red cell mass/haemoglobin mass because of too low an altitude (<2000-2200 m) and/or too short an altitude training period (<3-4 weeks); (2) the training effect at altitude may have been compromised due to insufficient training stimuli for enhancing the function of the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems; and (3) enhanced stress with possible overtraining symptoms and an increased frequency of infections. Moreover, the effects of hypoxia in the brain may influence both training intensity and physiological responses during training at altitude. Thus, interrupting hypoxic exposure by training in normoxia may be a key factor in avoiding or minimizing the noxious effects that are known to occur in chronic hypoxia. When comparing HiHi and HiLo (living high and training low), it is obvious that both can induce a positive acclimatization effect and increase the oxygen transport capacity of blood, at least in 'responders', if certain prerequisites are met. The minimum dose to attain a haematological acclimatization effect is >12 h a day for at least 3 weeks at an altitude or simulated altitude of 2100-2500 m. Exposure to hypoxia appears to have some positive transfer effects on subsequent training in normoxia during and after HiLo. The increased oxygen transport capacity of blood allows training at higher intensity during and after HiLo in subsequent normoxia, thereby increasing the potential to improve some neuromuscular and cardiovascular determinants of endurance performance. The effects of hypoxic training and intermittent short-term severe hypoxia at rest are not yet clear and they require further study. 相似文献
12.
Altitude and endurance training 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The benefits of living and training at altitude (HiHi) for an improved altitude performance of athletes are clear, but controlled studies for an improved sea-level performance are controversial. The reasons for not having a positive effect of HiHi include: (1) the acclimatization effect may have been insufficient for elite athletes to stimulate an increase in red cell mass/haemoglobin mass because of too low an altitude (< 2000-2200 m) and/or too short an altitude training period (<3-4 weeks); (2) the training effect at altitude may have been compromised due to insufficient training stimuli for enhancing the function of the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems; and (3) enhanced stress with possible overtraining symptoms and an increased frequency of infections. Moreover, the effects of hypoxia in the brain may influence both training intensity and physiological responses during training at altitude. Thus, interrupting hypoxic exposure by training in normoxia may be a key factor in avoiding or minimizing the noxious effects that are known to occur in chronic hypoxia. When comparing HiHi and HiLo (living high and training low), it is obvious that both can induce a positive acclimatization effect and increase the oxygen transport capacity of blood, at least in 'responders', if certain prerequisites are met. The minimum dose to attain a haematological acclimatization effect is > 12 h a day for at least 3 weeks at an altitude or simulated altitude of 2100-2500 m. Exposure to hypoxia appears to have some positive transfer effects on subsequent training in normoxia during and after HiLo. The increased oxygen transport capacity of blood allows training at higher intensity during and after HiLo in subsequent normoxia, thereby increasing the potential to improve some neuromuscular and cardiovascular determinants of endurance performance. The effects of hypoxic training and intermittent short-term severe hypoxia at rest are not yet clear and they require further study. 相似文献
13.
Endurance athletes work at creating habits and lifestyles which correspond to Aristotle’s notion of eudomania (human flourishing). They spend time and energy dedicating themselves to their craft. They relinquish other interests in pursuit of excellence. They fully accept William James’ notion of precipitousness as they create goals and work toward achievement. In this paper, we examine normative issues related to endurance sport participation, the potential dark side of this pursuit of excellence. Our overriding concern is how best to work toward and experience human flourishing while simultaneously remaining attentive to relationships and responsibilities. In terms of potential perils associated with endurance sport, we address questions of autonomy, authenticity and identification. We contend that endurance athletes concerned with these questions benefit from transcendental and pragmatic notions of the good life. 相似文献
14.
有氧耐力与分子遗传学的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
人体的运动能力有许多外部表现，根据这些外部表现及其生理、生化基础人们制定了许多标准和指标用以选材。但在实际工作中不易操作。人体的运动能力都受基因的控制，在基因上都有特定的遗传标志和特征，根据这些基因特征进行选材不但准确、而且简单。随着分子生物学技术的发展和突破，研究者正把这一方法用于实践。 相似文献
15.
加强优秀散打运动员专项耐力训练方面的研究是进一步提高散打竞技水平的重要途径之一。通过对部分优秀散打运动员专项耐力调查分析、根据散打运动专项耐力特点,提出散打运动专项耐力训练方法的几点建议,即针对不同队员制订不同的训练方法、合理安排运动负荷、遵循专项训练深化原则和训练形式多样化。 相似文献
16.
Kenyan athletes have dominated international distance running in recent years. Explanations for their success include favourable physiological characteristics, which could include favourable genetic endowment, and advantageous environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the demographic characteristics of elite Kenyan runners with those of the general Kenyan population. Questionnaires, administered to 404 elite Kenyan runners specializing in distances ranging from the 800 m to the marathon and 87 Kenyan controls, obtained information on place of birth, language, and distance and method of travel to school. Athletes were separated into two groups according to athletic success: those who competed in international competition and those who competed in national competition. The athletes differed from controls in regional distribution, language, and distance and method of travel to school; athletes also differed from each other with the exception of method of travel to school. Most national and international athletes came from the Rift Valley province (controls 20%, national athletes 65%, international athletes 81%), belonged to the Kalenjin ethnic group (controls 8%, national athletes 49%, international athletes 76%) and Nandi sub-tribe (controls 5%, national athletes 25%, international athletes 44%), and spoke languages of Nilotic origin (controls 21%, national athletes 60%, international athletes 79%). A higher proportion of all athletes ran to school each day (controls 22%, national athletes 73%, international athletes 81%) and covered greater distances. In conclusion, Kenyan runners are from a distinctive environmental background in terms of geographical distribution, ethnicity and travelled further to school, mostly by running. These findings highlight the importance of environmental and social factors in the success of Kenyan runners. 相似文献
17.
200m属于短跑中耐力较强的项目，不仅要求运动员具有良好的速度，而且还要有保持速度的能力即耐力。可以通过在训练中放松肌肉束促进速度耐力的提高，同时在发展无氧代谢能力的同时要以发展有氧代谢能力为基础。 相似文献
18.
Stephen J. Preece Christopher Bramah Duncan Mason 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):784-792
The biomechanical profile of high-level endurance runners may represent a useful model that could be used for developing training programmes designed to improve running style. This study, therefore, sought to compare the biomechanical characteristics of high-performance and recreational runners. Kinematic and kinetic measurements were taken during overground running from a cohort of 14 high-performance (8 male) and 14 recreational (8 male) runners, at four speeds ranging from 3.3 to 5.6?m?s?1. Two-way ANOVA analysis was then used to explore group and speed effects and principal component analysis used to explore the interdependence of the tested variables. The data showed the high-performance runners to have a gait style characterised by an increased vertical velocity of the centre of mass and a flight time that was 11% longer than the recreational group. The high-performance group were also observed to adopt a forefoot strike pattern, to contact the ground with their foot closer to their body and to have a larger ankle moment. Importantly, although observed group differences were mostly independent of speed, the tested variables showed a high degree of interdependence suggesting an underlying unitary phenomenon. This is the first study to compare high-performance and recreational runners across a full range of kinematic and kinetic variables. The results suggest that high-performance runners maintain stride length with a prolonged aerial phase, rather than by landing with a more extended knee. These findings motivate future intervention studies that should investigate whether recreational runners could benefit from instruction to decrease shank inclination at foot contact. 相似文献
19.
Abstract Kenyan athletes have dominated international distance running in recent years. Explanations for their success include favourable physiological characteristics, which could include favourable genetic endowment, and advantageous environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the demographic characteristics of elite Kenyan runners with those of the general Kenyan population. Questionnaires, administered to 404 elite Kenyan runners specializing in distances ranging from the 800 m to the marathon and 87 Kenyan controls, obtained information on place of birth, language, and distance and method of travel to school. Athletes were separated into two groups according to athletic success: those who competed in international competition and those who competed in national competition. The athletes differed from controls in regional distribution, language, and distance and method of travel to school; athletes also differed from each other with the exception of method of travel to school. Most national and international athletes came from the Rift Valley province (controls 20%, national athletes 65%, international athletes 81%), belonged to the Kalenjin ethnic group (controls 8%, national athletes 49%, international athletes 76%) and Nandi sub-tribe (controls 5%, national athletes 25%, international athletes 44%), and spoke languages of Nilotic origin (controls 21%, national athletes 60%, international athletes 79%). A higher proportion of all athletes ran to school each day (controls 22%, national athletes 73%, international athletes 81%) and covered greater distances. In conclusion, Kenyan runners are from a distinctive environmental background in terms of geographical distribution, ethnicity and travelled further to school, mostly by running. These findings highlight the importance of environmental and social factors in the success of Kenyan runners. 相似文献