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用台阶试验和中跑测验评价心肺机能的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过台阶试验和中跑测验方案对高二学生心肺机能评价结果一致性的比较研究,为促进《标准》中体质评价体系发展完善提供参考数据和改进意见。研究结果显示:不论是男生,还是女生,受试同一时期分别完成台阶试验和1000m(男)、800m(女)测验,台阶试验的标准得分明显高于中跑测验的标准得分,台阶试验标准得分分布也与中跑测验标准得分分布明显不同。结论:台阶试验和中跑测验对高二学生心肺机能评价结果不一致。 相似文献
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研究目的:观察《标准》中台阶试验和中跑测验方案对高中生心肺机能锻炼效果评价的一致性,评价《标准》的合理性。受试:潮州市百花台职业高级中学二年级4个自然教学班共180名学生,其中男生100人,女生80人。方法:受试进行10周慢跑训练,于训练前后按《标准》规定的方法对受试进行台阶试验和中跑测试。结论:《标准》中台阶试验与中跑测验方案对高中男生心肺机能锻炼效果的评价结果基本一致,而对女生心肺耐力锻炼效应的评价结果不一致。 相似文献
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《学生体质健康标准》中心血管功能评定指标的同质性和有效性的实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了分析《学生体质健康标准》中心血管功能评价指标的同质性和有效性，对87名普通大学生进行体质健康测试和最大耗氧量测试。研究结果表明，大学生的台阶测试得分和耐久跑成绩得分无显著差异；台阶测试得分与耐久跑之间无显著线性相关关系（r=-0．086，P〉0．05）；台阶测试和耐久跑指标之间无同质性；大学生最大耗氧量与台阶试验测试值和台阶试验得分无显著线性相关（r〈0．15，P〉0．05），大学生最大耗氧量与耐久跑成绩和得分之间也无显著线性相关。 相似文献
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《国家学生体质健康标准》中心血管机能评价指标同质性的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了分析《国家学生体质健康标准》中心血管功能评价指标的同质性和有效性，对16586名大学生进行体质健康测试，其中12202名大学生既参加台阶试验又参加800／1000m跑，而且为了得到最大摄氧量的数据，又选取参加台阶试验和800／1000m跑的学生195人进行12分钟跑测试。研究结果表明，大学生的台阶测试得分和耐久跑成绩得分有极其显著差异（P〈0．001）；男女大学生的台阶测试得分与耐久跑得分之间有显著相关性（男生r=0．347，Sig．=0．000；女生r=0．240，Sig．=0．000），但都呈现低度相关；台阶测试和耐久跑指标之间同质性低；男大学生最大耗氧量与台阶试验测试值、台阶试验得分有显著线性相关关系（h=0．417，P〈0．001）；男大学生最大耗氧量与1000m跑运动成绩及得分之间也有显著线性相关关系（r2=0．616，P〈0．001）。女大学生最大耗氧量与台阶试验测试值、台阶试验得分无显著线性相关关系（r3=0．163，P〉0．05）。最大耗氧量与800m跑运动成绩及得分之间却存在显著线性相关关系（r4=0．464，P〈0．001）。 相似文献
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马蕲 《体育科技文献通报》2007,(2)
1.台阶试验与耐力跑选测项目的科学性分析(1)选测项目的测试结果差异性大、相关性低;(2)台阶试验测试反映人体心肺功能的有效性问题。2.台阶试验与耐力跑选测项目的合理性分析(1)选测项目测试目的不统一;(2)选测项目评分标准不统一。3.台阶试验与耐力跑选测项目的评分标准分析(1)选测项目评分标准偏低;(2)测试指标的评分标准跨度过大。4.结论与建议(1)选测指标中台阶试验与耐力跑的相关性较低,很难准确地反映学生体质健康状况。建议进一步提高选测指标间的替代兼容性;(2)用台阶试验测试心肺功能的有效性尚存争议,用耐力跑测试心肺耐力素质仍… 相似文献
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以普通男性大学生和体育运动学校男性学生为研究对象 ,以 V O2 max为心血管功能指标 ,以 12 min跑为有氧耐力指标 ,用所测得的 3种不同高度的台阶试验后即刻心率、恢复期 0～2 10 s中不同时段心率恢复速度 (斜率 )与 V O2 max、12 min跑和台阶试验指数进行相关性研究。结果显示 :心率恢复速度 (斜率 )与 12 m in跑、台阶指数相关程度较高 ;即刻心率与 V O2 m ax、12min跑、台阶试验指数均有高度相关 (P<0 .0 1)。提示 :心率下降斜率 ,特别是中、高台阶试验后早期下降斜率能很好地反映有氧耐力 ;台阶试验后心率反应程度能较好地反映心血管功能和有氧耐力 ;可以用运动后即刻心率、早期心率恢复速度取代或改良原来的计算方法进行台阶指数计算 ,提高测试效率和准确性 相似文献
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对《学生体质健康标准》的理性思考 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
《学生体质健康标准》是促进学生体质健康发展、激励学生积极进行身体锻炼的教育手段。研究发现《学生体质健康标准》和健康的相关度不高;测试指标存在相关性差,难度不适当,分值细化不够;台阶试验和有氧耐力项目的测试不尽合理;测试后没有制定出运动处方,其指导意义还有待于进一步加强。 相似文献
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不同高度台阶试验后心率反应、心率下降斜率与VO2max、12 min跑、台阶指数关系的实验研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
以普通男性大学生和体育运动学校男性学生为研究对象,以VO2max为心血管功能指标,以12 min跑为有氧耐力指标,用所测得的3种不同高度的台阶试验后即刻心率、恢复期0～210 s中不同时段心率恢复速度(斜率)与VO2max、12 min跑和台阶试验指数进行相关性研究.结果显示心率恢复速度(斜率)与12 min跑、台阶指数相关程度较高;即刻心率与VO2max、12min跑、台阶试验指数均有高度相关(P＜0.01).提示心率下降斜率,特别是中、高台阶试验后早期下降斜率能很好地反映有氧耐力;台阶试验后心率反应程度能较好地反映心血管功能和有氧耐力;可以用运动后即刻心率、早期心率恢复速度取代或改良原来的计算方法进行台阶指数计算,提高测试效率和准确性. 相似文献
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The aims of this study were to establish whether anthropometry, muscle strength and endurance accounted for differences between junior and senior elite rowing ergometer performance, and to determine annual development rates for juniors associated with training. Twenty-six junior (8 females, age 18.0 ± 0.3 years and 18 males, age 17.9 ± 0.2 years) and 30 senior (12 females, 23.7 ± 3.0 years and 18 males, 24.0 ± 3.9 years) heavyweight rowers, were assessed anthropometrically, performed a 2000-m ergometer time-trial, and completed various muscular strength and endurance tests. There were no anthropometrical differences between males; however after controlling for body-fat and standing-height, senior females were of greater body-mass (70.5 ± 4.6 kg and 77.2 ± 5.9 kg, P = 0.01) and sitting-height (89.8 ± 2.2 cm and 92.2 ± 6.1 cm, P = 0.04) than juniors. Moderate to very large standardised differences in all strength and endurance tests were observed between juniors and seniors (effect size (ES) range 0.9-1.9). Greater development rates (5.0% to 6.0%) and adjusted 2000-m performance was associated with upper-body strength (males) and endurance (females). In conclusion, after identification of desirable anthropometry, the 2000-m ergometer potential of juniors may be accounted for by upper-body strength and endurance. 相似文献
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Konstantinos D. Tambalis Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos Glykeria Psarra Stelios Daskalakis Stavros A. Kavouras Nickos Geladas 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(6):736-746
The aim of the this study was to establish age- and gender-specific physical fitness normative values and to compare percentiles and Z scores values in a large, nationwide sample of Greek children aged 6–18 years. From March 2014 to May 2014, a total of 424,328 boys and girls aged 6–18 years who attended school in Greece were enrolled. The studied sample was representative, in terms of age–sex distribution and geographical region. Physical fitness tests (i.e. 20?m shuttle run test (SRT), standing long jump, sit and reach, sit-ups, and 10?×?5?m SRT) were performed and used to calculate normative values, using the percentiles of the empirical distributions and the lambda, mu, and sigma statistical method. Normative values were presented as tabulated percentiles for five health-related fitness tests based on a large data set comprising 424,328 test performances. Boys typically scored higher than girls on cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and speed/agility, but lower on flexibility (all p values <0.001). Older boys and girls had better performances than younger ones (p?相似文献
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Concerns about the value of physical testing and apparently declining test performance in junior basketball players prompted this retrospective study of trends in anthropometric and fitness test scores related to recruitment age and recruitment year. The participants were 1011 females and 1087 males entering Basketball Australia's State and National programmes (1862 and 236 players, respectively). Players were tested on 2.6 +/- 2.0 (mean +/- s) occasions over 0.8 +/- 1.0 year. Test scores were adjusted to recruitment age (14-19 years) and recruitment year (1996-2003) using mixed modelling. Effects were estimated by log transformation and expressed as standardized (Cohen) differences in means. National players scored more favourably than State players on all tests, with the differences being generally small (standardized differences, 0.2-0.6) or moderate (0.6-1.2). On all tests, males scored more favourably than females, with large standardized differences (>1.2). Athletes entering at age 16 performed at least moderately better than athletes entering at age 14 on most tests (standardized differences, 0.7-2.1), but test scores often plateaued or began to deteriorate at around 17 years. Some fitness scores deteriorated over the 8-year period, most notably a moderate increase in sprint time and moderate (National male) to large (National female) declines in shuttle run performance. Variation in test scores between National players was generally less than that between State players (ratio of standard deviations, 0.83-1.18). More favourable means and lower variability in athletes of a higher standard highlight the potential utility of these tests in junior basketball programmes, although secular declines should be a major concern of Australian basketball coaches. 相似文献
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Larry D. Hensley Whitfield B. East Jim L. Stillwell 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):133-140
Abstract Performance differences between males and females have been attributed to both biological and cultural factors, although the relative significance of each has not been ascertained. Differences in body fatness between males and females has been frequently mentioned as one biological factor responsible for variations in physical performance. In children, it has been shown that boys exhibit slightly higher performance levels than girls until adolescence, when the differences favoring the boys become greater. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between selected physical performance tests and body fatness in preadolescent boys and girls. Measures of age, height, weight, skinfold thicknesses at two sites, and performance scores on the vertical jump, standing broad jump, modified pullup, 40-yard dash, and 400-yard run were obtained on 563 elementary school children. The results of a one-way ANOVA indicated that there was a significant difference between boys and girls on all of the physical performance tests. Although the boys were slightly taller and heavier and scored better than the girls on the performance tests, there was no significant difference between the sexes in the sum of two skinfolds. Separate regression equations for the sum of two skinfolds by performance on each test indicated that, with the exception of the modified pullup test, body fatness was only marginally related to performance. These findings indicated that, although inversely related to the ability to move the total body weight, body fatness was of minimal importance in explaining performance differences between young boys and girls. 相似文献
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William J. Rutherford PhD Charles B. Corbin 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):110-119
Abstract The purpose of this study was to establish criterion-referenced standards for selected tests of arm and shoulder girdle strength and endurance for college females. Several popular tests of arm and shoulder girdle strength and endurance were administered to equal numbers of trained and untrained college females (N = 92) to generate data for the analysis. The contrasting groups method (Berk, 1976; Safrit & Wood, 1990) yielded the following criterion cutoff scores that classified college females as trained or untrained on the basis of regular upper arm and shoulder girdle resistance training: pull-ups = .5 repetitions (reps), 90° push-ups = 16 reps, flexed arm hang = 5s, seated chest press = 24.5 kg, seated biceps curl = 16.4 kg, seated lat pull (latissmus dorsi pull-down) = 38.2 kg, absolute strength index = 86.4 kg, and relative strength index = .6 kg per kg of body weight. Cross-validation of the standards on an independent sample of college females (N = 112) suggested stability of the cutoff scores for pull-ups, flexed arm hang, and relative strength. 相似文献
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目的：通过对广州运输业农民工体质健康、心理健康和体育行为阶段的研究,为今后增加农民工整体健康状况制定干预方案提供科学支撑。方法：运用随机整群抽样法抽取90名20～40岁健康运输业农民工（以下简称农民工）,其中男46名,女44名。并于2011/5/24完成了对调查对象的体质健康测试和问卷调查。结果农民工BMI平均为22.1±3.6（男23.3±3.9;女20.8±2.8,P〈0.01）,其中男女正常体重分别为39.1%和62.8%、超重率为50.0%和20.9%、低体重率为10.9%和15.9%。农民工背力平均为82.3±34.4kg（男110.6±20.4;女51.3±12.9,P〈0.001）,显著低于广州农民（P〈0.001）。闭眼单脚站立时间平均为19.0±20.9s（男21.0±24.9;女16.8±15.6,P〉0.05）,平衡力及格及以上男性为46.7%,女性为52.4%。左/右手后勾平均为-0.2±9.9/5.9±6.5mm（男-2.4±11.2/4.1±8.1;女2.2±7.9/7.9±3.4,P〈0.05/P〈0.01）,其中66.7%左手后勾和88.2%右手后勾达到良好。30s30次蹲起试验的心功指数平均为10.9±4.1（男10.4±4.3,女11.3±3.9,P〉0.05）,近六成人员心功能力在一般以下;约四成人群为高血压或高血压高危人群。农民工SCL-90各因子躯体化高于全国成人常模（P〈0.05）;而强迫（P〈0.05）、人际敏感（P〈0.05）、忧郁（P〈0.05）、焦虑（P〈0.05）、敌对（P〈0.05）、恐怖（P〉0.05）、偏执（P〈0.05）、精神病性症状（P〉0.05）等因子则低于全国常模。锻炼行为阶段显示整体中仅9.1%男性有参与规律体育锻炼。结论：广州运输业农民工总体体质状况不乐观,具体表现在总体身体成分不合理,超重率较高;平衡能力、腰背肌肉力量较差;存在高血压症状和风险比例多,定量负荷时心功能较差;柔韧性较好,但应警惕左肩及男性柔韧性的下降;总体心理健康状况较好,但从事体育锻炼的行为和意识不足,女性由为突出。 相似文献
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Abstract The effect of caffeine ingestion on submaximal endurance performance of 15 females and 13 males was investigated. After completing a [Vdot]O 2 max test, each subject performed two submaximal cycling tests at approximately 75% of [Vdot]O 2 max to exhaustion. For the caffeine (C) trials, 300 mg of caffeine was added to 250 ml of decaffeinated coffee and ingested one hour prior to the exercise. The decaffeinated (D) trial involved consuming 250 ml of decaffeinated coffee an hour prior to the test. The C and D trials were administered randomly using a standard double blind design. Physiological parameters were monitored each 9, 10, and 11 minute intervals throughout each trial and averaged. As expected the [Vdot]O 2 (L · min ?1 ), [Vdot]E and work outputs (kgm) were significantly (p < 0.001) higher for the males than the females. All other variables, time to exhaustion, [Vdot]O 2 (ml · kg · min ?1 ), R, HR, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were not significantly (p > 0.05) different between the sexes for either the C or D trials. Time to exhaustion was 14.4 and 3.1% longer for the C trials for the females and males, respectively, however these increases were not significant (p > 0.05). Furthermore, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) for any of the measured variables during successive 10 minute work intervals between the C and D trials for either sex. These results do not support the general use of caffeine in moderate amounts as an ergogenic aid for either males or females, but from a practical point it appears that caffeine may have an ergogenic effect on specific individuals. 相似文献
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Abstract Black and white children (N = 553) in kindergarten, grade one, and grade two, as part of a total test battery were tested on items of agility, speed, power, flexibility, and endurance. An ANOVA design was employed for both equal and unequal cell frequencies to determine the effects of grade, sex, and race on gross motor performance. Significant (p < .01) improvements were found at each grade for speed, power, and endurance items; males had significantly better performances (p < .01) than females on all items with the exception of flexibility; black children had significantly (p < .01) lower values than white children in the speed item at each grade level. 相似文献
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This study was conducted to validate and evaluate the "Hit & Turn Tennis Test", an acoustically progressive on-court endurance test for tennis players. Ninety-eight competitive tennis players (53 males, 45 females) of different age groups participated in the study. For validation, the adult male players completed three Hit & Turn tests, one on a clay court and two on a carpet surface, a tennis-specific ball machine test and an incremental treadmill run in a randomized order. A stronger correlation between maximal performance (r = 0.81, P < 0.01) and maximal oxygen uptake (r = 0.96, P < 0.01) was observed between the Hit & Turn test and the ball machine test, than between the Hit & Turn test and the treadmill test. For test-retest, we found a significant correlation between maximal performance on the same (r = 0.83, P < 0.01) and on different surfaces (r = 0.74, P < 0.01). During test evaluation, maximal performance was higher in males than in females (P < 0.01) and increased by consecutive age group in boys (P < 0.01) but not in girls (P = 0.97). In conclusion, Hit & Turn maximum test performance can be recommended as a valid and reliable indicator for tennis-specific endurance. 相似文献
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Michael Leveritt Helen MacLaughlin Peter J. Abernethy 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):865-871
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a single bout of endurance exercise on subsequent strength performance. Eight males with a long history of resistance training performed isokinetic, isometric and isotonic leg extension strength tests 8 and 32 h after 50 min of cycle ergometry at 70-110% of critical power. The participants also completed a control condition in which no cycling was performed. Plasma lactate and ammonia were measured before and immediately after each strength test. Isokinetic, isometric and isotonic leg extension torques were not significantly different 8 or 32 h after endurance exercise compared with the control condition ( P > 0.05). A large (50.3%), but not statistically significant, increase in plasma ammonia was evident during the strength tests performed 8 h after endurance exercise, while a significant ( P ? 0.05) increase in ammonia was also seen 32 h after endurance exercise. No significant changes in plasma ammonia were evident in the control condition. Our results suggest that leg extension strength was not compromised by an earlier bout of endurance cycling. However, metabolic activity during the strength tests might have been altered by the preceding bout of endurance exercise. 相似文献