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《国家学生体质健康标准》中心血管机能评价指标同质性的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了分析《国家学生体质健康标准》中心血管功能评价指标的同质性和有效性，对16586名大学生进行体质健康测试，其中12202名大学生既参加台阶试验又参加800／1000m跑，而且为了得到最大摄氧量的数据，又选取参加台阶试验和800／1000m跑的学生195人进行12分钟跑测试。研究结果表明，大学生的台阶测试得分和耐久跑成绩得分有极其显著差异（P〈0．001）；男女大学生的台阶测试得分与耐久跑得分之间有显著相关性（男生r=0．347，Sig．=0．000；女生r=0．240，Sig．=0．000），但都呈现低度相关；台阶测试和耐久跑指标之间同质性低；男大学生最大耗氧量与台阶试验测试值、台阶试验得分有显著线性相关关系（h=0．417，P〈0．001）；男大学生最大耗氧量与1000m跑运动成绩及得分之间也有显著线性相关关系（r2=0．616，P〈0．001）。女大学生最大耗氧量与台阶试验测试值、台阶试验得分无显著线性相关关系（r3=0．163，P〉0．05）。最大耗氧量与800m跑运动成绩及得分之间却存在显著线性相关关系（r4=0．464，P〈0．001）。 相似文献
2.
大学生健康体适能心肺耐力测试指标效度的比较研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以最大耗氧量作为心肺耐力测试项目的效度检验指标,通过实验与比较观察方法,对我国大学生健康体适能的心肺耐力评价指标——台阶试验和耐力跑(男1000m,女800m)两项选测项目的测量效度进行了对比研究。结果显示:大学生台阶试验指数和耐力跑成绩之间无显著线性相关;最大耗氧量与台阶试验指数无明显的相关关系,而与耐力跑成绩呈现相关关系。笔者认为,在确定我国大学生健康体适能评价指标时,选择耐力跑项目作为测试指标能够更为客观、有效地反映心肺耐力的测试目标。 相似文献
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台阶试验与功率自行车(V)O2max测试法相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的：对简易心肺功能测试法（台阶试验）与功率自行车VO2max测试法进行相关性分析和研究，探讨台阶试验能否准确反映人体心肺功能，为今后简易心肺功能测定方法的完善提供一定的理论帮助。方法：随机抽取234例上海市普通市民，进行最大耗氧量和台阶试验的测试。计算和比较简易心肺功能测试结果及其与VO2max的相关性。结果：各年龄组之间台阶指数无明显差异（P〉0．05）；男性与女性台阶指数无明显差异（P〉0．05）；台阶指数与VO2max相对值（r=0．216）和绝对值（r=0．162）呈微弱相关。结论：台阶指数无明显年龄变化趋势和性别差异，不能有效地反映心脏功能的增龄性变化规律及其性别差异；无论以VO2max绝对值还是相对值作为心肺功能的综合性评价指标，台阶指数均没有与其表现出有良好的数据关联性，初步得出台阶试验只能对心血管系统的功能水平做出好与不好的区分，不能对健康人群心肺耐力进行更细致的分级评价。 相似文献
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体质健康测量中耐力素质测试指标的有效性述评 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
耐力素质测试的指标主要有3种，其中台阶试验与运动耐力和最大耗氧量之间无高度相关，且与中跑得分之间是否存在显著差异，需要再次研究论证，不宜作为耐力素质测试指标；定量计时法（长跑）简便易行，健身价值较高，但影响成绩的因素较多，有时难以反映真实水平；20m节奏往返跑，既可有效测量人体的耐力水平，又有一定的健身价值，比较适宜。 相似文献
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针对近年大学生身体素质呈持续下降趋势、体质健康测试不合格、达标率低等问题，讨论常见的不同有氧运动对女大学生体质健康测试指标的影响程度。以某高校体质健康测试成绩低于60分的150名女大学生为研究对象，随机分为跳绳组、太极拳组、健身操组，实施为期12周，每周3次，每次60 min的练习，通过检测差异建立公式计算得出跳绳组指标增长得分为13.3分，增长率为24.72%；太极拳组指标增长得分为10分，增长率为18.45%；健身操组指标增长得分为12.5分，增长率为23.32%。研究证实：经12周练习后，不同有氧运动均可有效提升女大学生体质健康水平，跳绳组优于健身操组，健身操优于太极拳组，建议优先发展女大学生800m跑、体重指数、肺活量、1min仰卧起坐等指标增长率较高项目，可达到事半功倍之功效。 相似文献
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大学生心功能评定指标实施效果的对比研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
根据《学生体质健康标准(试行方案)》要求，为研究大学生心功能评定指标的实施效果，对C大学学生进行了台阶和中长跑的测试及比较。研究发现，男,女学生中长跑成绩与台阶成绩两项目之间呈低度相关。建议把台阶指数作为个人体质健康综合评价的机能指标，中长跑和台阶实验不要相互替换。 相似文献
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开学初通过上学期体质健康测试中的耐久跑成绩，我把九年级耐久跑教学制定为两个层次和两个阶段。两个层次是指把学生分为提高层和达标层，提高层的学生基础较好，在满分的基础上争取加分，达标层的学生能力较差，通过努力争取满分和少扣分。第一阶段是提高学生兴趣，认识自我；第二阶段是发挥最大潜力，挑战自我。 相似文献
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本文通过对《学生体质健康标准》的研究和分析后，发现其中存在一些问题：如体质健康的提法不合理；体育教学在《学生体质健康标准》实施下该做何抉择；以及其中选测项目的兼容性有待提高；体育教师在测量过程的责任没有明确规定；在《学生体质健康标准》中缺乏心理素质的测试指标。最后提出结论：改体质健康为体质状况；取消台阶实验以耐力跑替换；加强体育教学及教学目标的改革；增加心理测试指标；加强教师在测试过程中的责任感。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s: age 23+/-4 years; body mass 69.7+/-9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23+/-4 years; body mass 72.7+/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO2max, running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol x l(-1); and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO2max, running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol x l(-1) or the lactate minimum speed. In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO2max (from 47.9+/-8.4 to 52.2+/-2.7 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3+/-1.7 to 13.9+/-1.6 km x h(-1)), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2+/-1.8 to 11.9+/-1.8 km x h(-1)) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol x l(-1) (from 12.5+/-2.2 to 13.2+/-2.1 km x h(-1)) (all P < 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0+/-0.7 to 10.9+/-1.7 km x h(-1)). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed, when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity. 相似文献
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研究目的:探讨了mtDNA D-loop多态性与澳大利亚自行车运动员的VO2max及优异耐力成绩的关系.研究结果:前期研究发现虽然运动员组和对照组VO2max有显著性差异,但mtDNA D-loop的多态性在两组的分布频率没有显著性差异. 相似文献
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研究目的 :探讨了 mt DNA D- loop多态性与澳大利亚自行车运动员的 VO2 max及优异耐力成绩的关系。研究结果 :前期研究发现虽然运动员组和对照组 VO2 max有显著性差异 ,但 mt DNA D- loop的多态性在两组的分布频率没有显著性差异 相似文献
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The aims of this study were to determine if the primary time constant (tau) for oxygen uptake (VO2) at the onset of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise is related to endurance running performance, and to establish if tau could be considered a determinant of endurance running performance. Thirty-six endurance trained male runners performed a series of laboratory tests, on separate days, to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), the ventilatory threshold (VT) and running economy. In addition, runners completed six transitions from walking (4 km x h-1) to moderate-intensity running (80% VT) for the determination of the VO2 primary time constant and mean response time. During all tests, pulmonary gas-exchange was measured breath-by-breath. Endurance running performance was determined using a treadmill 5-km time-trial, after which runners were considered as combined performers (n=36) and, using a ranking system, high performers (n=10) and low performers (n=10). Relationships between tau and endurance running performance were quantified using correlation coefficients (r). Stepwise multiple regression was used to determine the primary predictor variables of endurance running performance in combined performers. Moderate correlations were observed between tau, mean response time and endurance running performance, but only for the combined performers (r=-0.55, P=0.001 and r=-0.50, P=0.002, respectively). The regression model for predicting 5-km performance did not include tau or mean response time. The velocity at VO2max was strongly correlated to endurance running performance in all groups (r=0.72 - 0.84, P < 0.01) and contributed substantially to the prediction of performance. In conclusion, the results suggest that despite their role in determining the oxygen deficit and having a moderate relationship with endurance running performance, neither tau nor mean response time is a primary determinant of endurance running performance. 相似文献
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Endurance running performance in athletes with asthma 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Laboratory assessment was made during maximal and submaximal exercise on 16 endurance trained male runners with asthma (aged 35 +/- 9 years) (mean +/- S.D.). Eleven of these asthmatic athletes had recent performance times over a half-marathon, which were examined in light of the results from the laboratory tests. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the group was 61.8 +/- 6.3 ml kg-1 min-1 and the maximum ventilation (VEmax) was 138.7 +/- 24.7 l min-1. These maximum cardio-respiratory responses to exercise were positively correlated to the degree of airflow obstruction, defined as the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (expressed as a percentage of predicted normal). The half-marathon performance times of 11 of the athletes ranged from those of recreational to elite runners (82.4 +/- 8.8 min, range 69-94). Race pace was correlated with VO2max (r = 0.863, P less than 0.01) but the highest correlation was with the running velocity at a blood lactate concentration of 2 mmol l-1 (r = 0.971, P less than 0.01). The asthmatic athletes utilized 82 +/- 4% VO2max during the half-marathon, which was correlated with the %VO2max at 2 mmol l-1 blood lactate (r = 0.817, P less than 0.01). The results of this study suggest that athletes with mild to moderate asthma can possess high VO2max values and can develop a high degree of endurance fitness, as defined by their ability to sustain a high percentage of VO2max over an endurance race. In athletes with more severe airflow obstruction, the maximum ventilation rate may be reduced and so VO2max may be impaired. The athletes in the present study have adapted to this limitation by being able to sustain a higher %VO2max before the accumulation of blood lactate, which is an advantage during an endurance race. Therefore, with appropriate training and medication, asthmatics can successfully participate in endurance running at a competitive level. 相似文献
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以普通男性大学生和体育运动学校男性学生为研究对象 ,以 V O2 max为心血管功能指标 ,以 12 min跑为有氧耐力指标 ,用所测得的 3种不同高度的台阶试验后即刻心率、恢复期 0～2 10 s中不同时段心率恢复速度 (斜率 )与 V O2 max、12 min跑和台阶试验指数进行相关性研究。结果显示 :心率恢复速度 (斜率 )与 12 m in跑、台阶指数相关程度较高 ;即刻心率与 V O2 m ax、12min跑、台阶试验指数均有高度相关 (P<0 .0 1)。提示 :心率下降斜率 ,特别是中、高台阶试验后早期下降斜率能很好地反映有氧耐力 ;台阶试验后心率反应程度能较好地反映心血管功能和有氧耐力 ;可以用运动后即刻心率、早期心率恢复速度取代或改良原来的计算方法进行台阶指数计算 ,提高测试效率和准确性 相似文献
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It is common for the physiological working capacity of a triathlete when cycling and running to be assessed on two separate days. The aim of this study was to establish whether an incremental running test to exhaustion has a negative effect after a 5 h recovery from an incremental cycling test. Eight moderately trained triathletes (age, 26.2 +/- 3.4 years; body mass, 67.3 +/- 9.1 kg; VO2max when cycling, 59 +/- 13 ml x kg x min(-1); mean +/- s) completed an incremental running test 5 h after an incremental cycling test (fatigue) as well as an incremental running test without previous activity (control). Maximum running speed, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the lactate threshold were determined for each incremental running test and correlated with the average speed during a 5 km run, which was performed immediately after a 20 km cycling time-trial, as in a sprint triathlon. There were no significant differences in maximum running speed, VO2max or the lactate threshold in either incremental running test (control or fatigue). Furthermore, good agreement was found for each physiological variable in both the control and fatigue tests. For the fatigue test, there were significant correlations between the average speed during a 5 km run and both VO2max expressed in absolute terms (r = 0.83) and the lactate threshold (r = 0.88). However, maximum running speed correlated most strongly with the average speed during a 5 km run (r = 0.96). The results of this study indicate that, under controlled conditions, an incremental running test can be performed successfully 5 h after an incremental cycling test to exhaustion. Also, the maximum running speed achieved during an incremental running test is the variable that correlates most strongly with the average running speed during a 5 km run after a 20 km cycling time-trial in well-trained triathletes. 相似文献
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We examined the reliability and validity of the assistant referee intermittent endurance test (ARIET), a modified Yo-Yo IE2 test including shuttles of sideways running. The ARIET was carried out on 198 Italian (Serie A-B, Lega-Pro and National Level) and 47 Danish elite soccer assistant referees. Reproducibility was tested for 41 assistant referees on four occasions each separated by one week. The ARIET intraclass correlation coefficients and typical error of measurement ranged from 0.96 to 0.99 and 3.1 to 5.7%, respectively. ARIET performance for Serie A and B was 23 and 25% greater than in Lega-Pro (P < 0.001). The lowest cut-off value derived from receiving operator characteristic discriminating Serie A-B from Lega-Pro was 1300 m. The ARIET performance was significantly correlated with VO(2max) (r = 0.78, P < 0.001), %HR(max) after 4 min of ARIET (r = - 0.81, P < 0.001) and Yo-Yo IR1 performance (r = 0.95, P < 0.001), but not sprint performance (r = -0.15; P = 0.58). The results showed that ARIET is a reproducible and valid test that is able to discriminate between assistant referees of different competitive levels. The lack of correlation with sprinting ability and close correlations with aerobic power, intermittent shuttle running and sub-maximal ARIET heart rate loading provide evidence that ARIET is a relevant test for assessment of intermittent endurance capacity of soccer assistant referees. 相似文献
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Traditionally, it has been assumed that during middle-distance running oxygen uptake (VO2) reaches its maximal value (VO2max) providing the event is of a sufficient duration; however, this assumption is largely based on observations in individuals with a relatively low VO2max. The aim of this study was to determine whether VO2max is related to the VO2 attained (i.e. VO2peak) during middle-distance running on a treadmill. Fifteen well-trained male runners (age 23.3 +/- 3.8 years, height 1.80 +/- 0.10 m, body mass 76.9 +/- 10.6 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. The participants undertook two 800-m trials to examine the reproducibility of the VO2 response. These two trials, together with a progressive test to determine VO2max, were completed in a randomized order. Oxygen uptake was determined throughout each test using 15-s Douglas bag collections. Following the application of a 30-s rolling average, the highest VO2 during the progressive test (i.e. VO2max) was compared with the highest VO2 during the 800-m trials (i.e. VO2peak) to examine the relationship between VO2max and the VO2 attained in the 800-m trials. For the 15 runners, VO2max was 58.9 +/- 7.1 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). Two groups were formed using a median split based on VO2max. For the high and low VO2max groups, VO2max was 65.7 +/- 3.0 and 52.4 +/- 1.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) respectively. The limits of agreement (95%) for test-retest reproducibility for the VO2 attained during the 800-m trials were +/- 3.5 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for a VO2peak of 50.6 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (the mean VO2peak for the low VO2max group) and +/- 2.3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for a VO2peak of 59.0 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (the mean VO2peak for the high VO2max group), with a bias in VO2peak between the 800-m runs (i.e. the mean difference) of 1.2 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). The VO2peak for the 800-m runs was 54.8 +/- 4.9 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for all 15 runners. For the high and low VO2max groups, VO2peak was 59.0 +/- 3.3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (i.e. 90% VO2max) and 50.6 +/- 2.0 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (i.e. 97% VO2max) respectively. The negative relationship (-0.77) between VO2max and % VO2max attained for all 15 runners was significant (P = 0.001). These results demonstrate that (i) reproducibility is good and (ii) that VO2max is related to the %VO2max achieved, with participants with a higher VO2max achieving a lower %VO2max in an 800-m trial on a treadmill. 相似文献