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1.
《ACSM运动测试与运动处方指南》(简称《ACSM指南》)经过近半个世纪、11版的更新一跃成为全球运动健康界的“圣经”之一。通过对《ACSM指南》过去(第一至第五版)和现在(第六至第十一版)从版面、作者团队、内容的变化和相应的历史大事记的回顾对《ACSM指南》的发展进行系统介绍，并在此基础上揭示《ACSM指南》一路走来的4个成功秘诀。通过对运动健康未来发展的变化和需求，预测指南未来可能面临的“四化”和急需改进的2个方面，并对《ACSM指南》未来的发展进行展望。《ACSM指南》的不断完善，一定会给中国的体育专业人员和大众锻炼人群带来更及时的科学健身指导意见，为中国体育科研工作者在科学运动指导上积累经验、形成共识作出贡献，为建立具有中国特色的《运动指南》助力。 相似文献
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简述国外体力活动指南 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
当前各种世界组织一致同意推荐的体力活动指南为：提高和维持时间健康的体力活动最小的运动剂量是每天进行30min的中等强度体力活动,每周≥5次。这一指南提出基于有氧型体力活动的相关研究。体力活动和身体健康之间的关系非常复杂。运动的次数、强度、时间和方式影响健康的获得,充分认识其中的相关变化,有利于促进和提高民众的身体健康。 相似文献
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运用文献资料和逻辑分析的方法,系统梳理和总结运动前心血管筛查领域的国际经验,并结合本土研究和国情为我国运动前心血管筛查方案的设计和运动猝死预防体系的建立提供参考。运动前心血管筛查一般通过家族史、个人病史、体格检查和安静心电图对运动员或锻炼者的心源性猝死风险进行评估,从而筛查高风险个体,并采取相应措施降低风险,是运动猝死一级预防的国际主流方法。尽管对筛查方案的一些细节仍有争议,但2017年各国学者联合发布的运动员心电图解读国际标准专家共识大幅提升了安静心电图筛查的敏感性和特异性,纳入安静心电图的运动前心血管筛查方案逐渐被世界许多国家和各大国际体育组织所接受。建议通过制订运动猝死登记制度,建立系统的运动前心血管筛查体系和方法,加强新兴安全筛查方法和技术研究,从而改进我国的运动前心血管筛查工作。 相似文献
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目的：研究肝脂肪酶基因LIPC-514C/T多态性与糖尿病前期（pre-diabetes mellitus,PDM）人群血糖及健康体适能变化运动干预敏感性的关联,探讨LIPC-514C/T位点作为糖代谢异常人群运动敏感性相关分子标记的可能性。方法：招募32名PDM患者,进行12周中等强度有氧运动结合抗阻训练运动干预。运动干预前、后测试空腹血糖（fasting blood glucose,FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、体重、身体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）、肌肉重量、内脏脂肪重量、■、握力、纵跳、俯卧撑、坐位体前屈等指标,应用SNP微阵列芯片对唾液LIPC-514C/T位点进行解析,对比运动干预对LIPC-514C/T位点不同基因型PDM患者上述指标的影响。结果：1)LIPC-514C/T位点CC型基因频率为37.5%,CT型为50.0%,TT型为12.5%,基因频率分布符合哈迪-温伯格平衡（P>0.05）。2）运动干预前,LIPC-514 C/T位点不同基因型的PDM人群血糖和健康体适能指标无统计学差异（P>0.05）。3）运动干预后,FPG、... 相似文献
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目的研究"体医结合"智能处方对临界高血压人群的干预作用及其效果。方法选取某社区进行高血压人群筛查,对筛查出的临界高血压人群（收缩压141~159mmHg,舒张压91~94mmHg）进行健康体检和医学评估,确定没有并发症的12人为间歇有氧运动组（intermittent aerobic exercise,IAE组）,有并发症和/或不能运动的11人为对照组（C组）,全部病人建立医学电子档案,进行医学教育,饮食控制和行为纠正。IAE组穿戴智能动态生命体征监测设备（EquivitalTM LifeMonitor02）,进行12周的间歇有氧运动。先进行2周跑台运动能力测试,获取运动能力指标。应用healthone体质健康管理专家系统3.0对受试者进行生活方式调查、体质健康综合测评、健康风险预测及运动风险评估,输出运动处方。按照自动生成的运动处方指导意见修订处方后进行间歇有氧运动干预,期间智能设备自动传输数据反馈效果,实施监控,根据情况调整、修订处方,完成12周运动。结果IAE组的血压明显低于运动前及C组（P<0.05）,降低到正常范围。结论"体医结合"干预临界高血压人群效果明显,智能处方在干预和监控过程中起到重要作用,其理论和方法可用于社区高血压的防控。 相似文献
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体育运动与青少年学生心理健康 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：21
曲毅 《武汉体育学院学报》2003,37(1):141-143
运用文献资料法对体育运动与青少年学生心理健康的关系进行了探讨。结果表明:不同的体育运动形式对不同的青少年人群的心理健康的影响作用是不同的,可能有运动负荷大小、受试者的个人兴趣、测试量表的信度、运动项目的选择、实验的研究设计等方面的原因。 相似文献
7.
运动对高校教师心理亚健康状态干预效果的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的：观察运动干预对高校教师心理亚健康状态的影响。方法：采用国际通用的康奈尔医学指数（CMI）量表进行心理亚健康人群筛查,对符合心理亚健康诊断标准的40名高校女教师进行健美操运动干预实验,并以CMI量表和SCL-90量表检测、评价干预效果。结果：通过8周的健美操锻炼,受试女教师CMI心身症状均值和SCL-90的测评得分均低于运动干预前,多数因子差异非常显著（P〈0.01）。以健美操为手段的运动干预对心理及生理均具有较好的纠偏作用,对改善心理亚健康状态的整体效果显著,尤其是对改善情绪效果明显。结论：运动干预是改善心理亚健康人群不良心理状态的有效手段,早期及时实施有效的运动干预有助于加速其向心理健康状态转化。 相似文献
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以人民健康为中心,主动健康为导向,发挥全民科学健身在健康促进、慢性病预防和康复等方面的积极作用,把健康关口前移到健康维护和疾病防控,推动形成“体医融合”的疾病管理与健康服务模式,是健康中国行动的目标与任务。国家运动处方库建设是在健康中国战略指引下,在借鉴学习国外运动处方研究、推广和应用先进成果的基础上,通过对我国运动处方内容系统、运动处方师培训系统、运动处方应用系统的构建,通过健康人群、疾病风险人群、慢性疾病人群、功能受损人群、发展性障碍人群运动处方的制定及运动处方推广应用路径的选择,将我国运动处方的研究、推广和应用向着科学、严谨、规范、深入推进,让具有科学性、针对性、有效性、可操作性并适合中国人体质特点的运动处方惠及我国亿万民众,为增强国民体质、增进国民健康,实现健康中国目标做出应有贡献,为世界运动处方的理论与实践提供中国经验与借鉴。 相似文献
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在科学设计运动处方和实验过程的基础上,通过灵活应用不同体质健康水平的运动处方,对学生的体育锻炼进行了有目的的干预,以探寻提高学生身心健康水平,促进学生全面发展的有效途径。运用实验法和数理统计法对运动处方在学生身心发展方面的影响进行了实证研究,实验时间为12周。实验前后对大学生进行了体成分测试和主观锻炼体验量表（SEES）测试,重点分析实施运动处方与学生身心健康水平各项指标的变化之间的关系。研究结果表明,学生的身体机能、身体素质等指标均有显著提高;实验运动处方使体成分得到有益的改善。通过对实验前后SEES量表各维度比较,运动处方的实施,有利于学生获得积极的、良性的情绪体验,促进心理健康水平的提高。 相似文献
11.
为探讨30～69岁普通成年男女在运动至"力竭"时的心血管机能变化特征及运动习惯的影响,以795名30～69岁的普通成年男女为对象,测定了运动至"力竭"时的心率、血压等指标,分析了运动习惯对运动时心血管机能变化的影响。结果表明男性力竭时的收缩压上升较高,超过220mmHg者占1/3以上。结果还提示在相同负荷下无运动习惯者的心血管机能指标上升幅度比有运动习惯者大。 相似文献
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为探讨70岁以上老年人体育锻炼等级与健康体适能状况之间的相关性，对365位参与锻炼的70岁以上老年人进行了体育锻炼问卷调查及健康体适能测试，建立了体育锻炼等级与健康体适能线性回归方程模型。结果表明，完成测试的70岁以上老年人中具有规律性体育锻炼习惯的比例较高，其健康体适能总体达到良好水平，回归方程显示体育锻炼等级与健康体适能呈正相关，运动时间与强度能有效预测70岁以上老年人健康体适能状况。提示制定70岁以上老年人运动处方时应以规律性锻炼为基础，可适度提高运动时间与强度，为提高或保持健康体适能水平达到事半功倍之效果。 相似文献
13.
Gayle L. Flo Robb W. Glenny Peter J. Kudenchuk Cynthia M. Dougherty 《Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal》2012,23(3):16-22
Purpose
Performing exercise tests in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) presents specific challenges because of susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias during maximal levels of exertion. The purpose of this paper is to outline the exercise testing protocol from the Anti-Arrhythmic Effects of Exercise after an ICD trial and to report baseline test results and safety outcomes using the protocol.Methods and Results
Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed to assess levels of physical fitness as part of a randomized trial of walking exercise in patients with ICDs. Subjects were randomized after baseline testing to aerobic exercise plus usual care or usual care alone. A modified Balke treadmill exercise test was used and specific ICD programming procedures were implemented to avoid unnecessary shocks, which included programming off ventricular tachycardia (VT) therapies during testing. To date, 161 baseline tests have been performed. One ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest occurred following completion of an exercise test and three tests were stopped by the investigators due to nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Eleven subjects were not able to achieve maximum exercise, defined as reaching an anaerobic threshold (AT) at baseline testing. There have been no deaths as a result of exercise testing.Conclusions
Symptom-limited maximal exercise testing can be performed safely and effectively in patients with ICDs for both primary and secondary prevention indications. Specific strategies for ICD programming and preparation for treating ventricular arrhythmias needs to be in place before exercise testing is performed.Key Words: implanted cardioverter defibrillator, exercise testing, treadmill protocol 相似文献14.
Donald H. Hardin 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):405-407
Abstract Endurance testing of small animals has been evident in the physical education literature in recent years (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Probably there will be an increase in the use of the laboratory rat in exercise testing, as the animal lends itself well to experimentations involving the effects of exercise during the formative periods on the adult, the effects of exercise on food consumption or voluntary exercise, the effects of radiation on endurance, and environmental effects on exercise. It is felt that standard methods of endurance testing with the laboratory rat should be developed to aid the investigator undertaking a study using the rat as an experimental animal. This study was an attempt to determine the reliability of some of the better known methods of measuring the swimming endurance of the laboratory rat. One of the following four tests was given to each group of 20 albino rats, trained for 5 weeks with a swimming regimen which progressed until each animal could swim for a period of 2 hr. without removal from the swimming tank. The water temperature was held at 30 C (± 2 degrees C). The tank used for the training was a circular one, 30 in. in diameter. After the 5-week conditioning period the rats were given the appropriate test, then retested after a one day rest, and then destroyed. A new group of animals was used for each endurance test. 相似文献
15.
Duane Knudson Bruce Elliott Joseph Hamill 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2014,13(3):195-203
The application of sport and exercise research findings to practice requires careful interpretation and integration of evidence. This paper reviews principles of evidence-based practice and the application of research in sports and exercise, in order to provide recommendations on developing appropriate application sections in research reports for sport and exercise journals. The strength of recommendations for application fall into one of four levels, with potential applications qualified as strong, limited, preliminary, or hypothesized. Specific limitations that should be discussed in framing recommendations for practice are also noted for each of these levels that should be useful for authors, and for practitioners and clinicians in interpreting these recommendations. 相似文献
16.
老年人参加体育锻炼的心理效应 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
社会人口老龄化,老年人的心理健康问题越来越受到全社会的关注。老年健身活动得到大家的普遍青睐,健身能否健心呢？笔者经过深入调查与访问发现：体育锻炼不仅能健身,而更为重要的是建立了良好的老年心态,具有十大方面的益处,老年人应积极投身于健身活动中去 相似文献
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This article introduces a new theory, the Affective–Reflective Theory (ART) of physical inactivity and exercise. ART aims to explain and predict behavior in situations in which people either remain in a state of physical inactivity or initiate action (exercise). It is a dual-process model and assumes that exercise-related stimuli trigger automatic associations and a resulting automatic affective valuation of exercise (type-1 process). The automatic affective valuation forms the basis for the reflective evaluation (type-2 process), which can follow if self-control resources are available. The automatic affective valuation is connected with an action impulse, whereas the reflective evaluation can result in action plans. The two processes, in constant interaction, direct the individual towards or away from changing behavior. The ART of physical inactivity and exercise predicts that, when there is an affective–reflective discrepancy and self-control resources are low, behavior is more likely to be governed by the affective type-1 process. This introductory article explains the underlying concepts and main theoretical roots from which the ART of physical inactivity and exercise was developed (field theory, affective responses to exercise, automatic evaluation, evaluation-behavior link, dual-process theorizing). We also summarize the empirical tests that have been conducted to refine the theory in its present form. 相似文献
18.
Charles E. Richardson 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):638-643
Abstract Employing modified Thurstone techniques, two equivalent forms of an equal-appearing intervals attitude scale were constructed around the topic “physical fitness and exercise.” Experimental test items were subjected to an extensive refinement process preceding the formulation of the final alternate test forms. Validity of the test was based upon authoritative opinion and expert judgment. A reliability coefficient derived from test, retest sampling was .83 ± .06. A correlation coefficient of .87 ± .03 was obtained on the parallel lest forms. 相似文献
19.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):79-87
Abstract In this study we determined the exercise intensity that elicits the highest fat oxidation rate in 15 obese women and 13 obese men. Furthermore the relationship between this intensity with the lactate (LT) and ventilatory thresholds (VT) was investigated in order to give training recommendation for maximal fat utilization during endurance exercise. After an incremental exercise test until exhaustion on a cycle ergometer, subjects performed six 20-min exercise bouts of 25, 35, 45, 55, 65 and 75% VO2peak. The 20 min stages were randomly assigned and spread over two separate occasions (three bouts per occasion). Substrate oxidation was measured with indirect calorimetry and was calculated using stochiometric equations. In both, women and men the highest fat oxidation rate occurred at 65% VO2peak and this did not coincide with either the VT or LT. A significant correlation between VT and LT could not be found in women (r=0.33) nor men (r=0.277). In obese women and men training recommendation for maximal fat utilization should not only be given by the intensity at which AnT occurs. 相似文献
20.
文章通过纵向观察3个月太极拳训练组和本体感觉训练组研究太极拳训练对中老年人平衡能力的影响,同时还分别进行平衡能力简单测试方法,如闭目原地踏步、强化Romberg检查、闭目单足站立、前庭步测试。动态平衡仪感觉整合能力平衡总分、闭目原地踏步、强化Romberg检查、闭目单足站立结果表明太极拳训练组要比本体感觉训练组明显好（P〈0.05,P〈0.001）。研究结果表明：太极拳锻炼对延缓和改善中老年人的平衡能力具有积极作用。 相似文献