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目的:探讨不同强度运动对高脂饮食大鼠脂代谢的影响。方法:8周龄雄性SD大鼠32只随机分为对照组(C组)、高脂喂养组(HF组)、有氧运动高脂喂养组(E组)、大强度运动高脂喂养组(HE组),每组8只。E组大鼠采用无负重游泳训练,HE组大鼠采取5%体重负重游泳训练,共8周,60min/d,6d/w。训练末次称重并取大鼠血液进行血脂4项及全身脂肪含量测定。结果:与C组相比,HF组大鼠体重及全身脂肪含量明显增加,血TC、TG、LDL-C明显升高,HDL-C明显降低,并具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。E组、HE组体重、血脂4项、全身脂肪含量与C组比无明显差异。HE组全身脂肪及血脂4项高于E组。结论:有氧运动更有利于预防高脂饮食引起的脂代谢紊乱。 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(5):550-559
BackgroundWeight-loss-induced fat loss improves cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight and obesity; however, weight loss can also result in bone loss and increased fracture risk. Weight-loss-induced bone loss may be attenuated with exercise. Our aim was to compare changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with overweight and obesity who undertook diet-induced weight loss alone or in combination with exercise.MethodsWe included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with overweight or obesity (aged ≥18 years; body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) that prescribed diet-induced weight loss alone or in combination with supervised exercise, and measured any bone structural parameters. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Random-effects meta-analyses determined mean changes and net mean differences (95% confidence intervals (95%CIs)) in the percentage of areal BMD (aBMD) change between groups.ResultsWe included 9 RCTs. Diet-induced weight loss led to significant losses in femoral neck aBMD (mean change: −1.73% (95%CI: −2.39% to −1.07%), p < 0.001) and total hip aBMD (−2.19% (95%CI: −3.84% to −0.54%), p = 0.009). Femoral neck aBMD losses were significantly greater in the diet-induced weight loss group compared to the exercise plus diet-induced weight loss group (net difference: −0.88% (95%CI: −1.73% to −0.03%)); however, there were no differences in aBMD changes at any other skeletal site: total hip (−1.96% (95%CI: −4.59% to 0.68%)) and lumbar spine (−0.48% (95%CI: −1.81% to 0.86%)). aBMD changes did not differ significantly according to exercise modality (resistance exercise, aerobic exercise, or a combination of the two) during diet-induced weight loss.ConclusionDiet-induced weight loss led to greater femoral neck bone loss compared to diet-induced weight loss plus exercise. Bone loss at the total hip and lumbar spine was not attenuated by exercise during diet-induced weight loss. The lack of consistent skeletal benefits may be due to the insufficient duration and/or training intensities of most exercise interventions. Additional RCTs with appropriate, targeted exercise interventions should be conducted. 相似文献
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文章运用实验法对突胖人群的各项生理生化指标进行监测,分析和评价其健康状况,设计科学有效的运动处方。另一方面,利用调查问卷法及文献资料法,推断导致突然肥胖的因素。研究意义：旨在采用科学合理的运动处方,为突胖人群的健身和康复训练需要提供理论指导。同时从心理学角度,积极引导该人群采取正确的心态,合理饮食,快速恢复健康体质及生活。致突胖因素的查找,也可为大众提供预防参考。 相似文献
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目的:研究30-50岁男女超重人群每周减脂0.5㎏、采用不同走跑方式运动的减肥运动处方。方法:32名受试按年龄和性别分组,分别采用慢跑、快走、走跑交替的方式运动,每次运动的能耗为500kcal,采用气体代谢的方法进行能量消耗测定,同步记录运动强度和运动量参数。结果:1、如果采用走跑交替的方式运动,30-40岁(41-50岁)男女每次运动的时间分别为53min、58min(60、72),距离为6210m、6063m(6808、7201),总步数为7417步、8189步(8235、9764);若以慢跑方式运动,则30-40岁男女每次运动的时间分别为43min、50min,距离为5903m、5899m,总步数为6798步、7875步;如果以快走的方式运动,则41-50岁男女每次运动时间分别为73min、87min,距离为7472m、7457m,总步数为9180步、11580步。2、步频、每分能耗与脂肪供能比例呈负相关,运动时间与脂肪供能比例、步频与每分能耗呈正相关。3、不同性别、不同走跑方式下的每分能耗不同,减肥人群可据此安排自己个性化的减肥运动处方。结论:本研究制定了30-50岁超重男女的走跑减肥运动处方,并能依照个体情况制定个性化的减肥运动方案。 相似文献
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内容与方法: 内隐自尊的探索与问题 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
目的：观察以高脂膳食诱导的C57BL／6J小鼠脂肪肝和血脂的变化以及有氧运动对它们的改善作用。方法：以高脂膳食诱导的脂肪肝小鼠为模型．分析有氧运动20周后脂肪肝及血清TC，TG，HDL—c，LDL-c和VLDL—c水平的变化。结果：H组血清TC、TG、LDL—c水平显著高于其他各组，而VLDL-c显著降低：RE组血清TG、TC、LDL-c的水平显著降低，且与N组没有显著差异；RS组TG、TC、LDL—c有降低的趋势，但显著高于正常对照组；N组血清HDL-c显著低于HS、RS和RE组（P〈0．05），而HS、RS与RE组之间无显著差异；肝脏中脂滴数高脂膳食组（H组）显著高于其他各组，恢复正常膳食不运动组（RS组）显著高于恢复正常膳食结合运动组（RE组），正常对照组（N组）与RE组间无显著差异；脂肪肝的病变程度与TC、TG、LDL-c呈显著正相关，与VLDL—c呈显著负相关，与HDL—c呈正相关，但无显著性。结论：运动与改善膳食结构相结合，对高脂所致的高脂血症和脂肪肝．比单纯的改善膳食结构具有更明显的治疗效果。 相似文献
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目的：观察有氧运动对大鼠肝脏功能以及CYP7A1mRNA的表达。方法：对高脂饮食饲养的肥胖及肥胖抵抗大鼠进行8周的运动干预，用组织学染色及血清生化检测，评价大鼠肝脏脂代谢及功能；用相对定量PCR评价CYP7A1mRNA的表达情况。结果：肥胖对照组大鼠HE染色肝细胞胞质内显现大小不等空泡，肝窦间隙明显变窄，肥胖游泳组肝细胞形态基本正常，细胞核居中，肝细胞脂肪变性明显减轻，肝窦间隙无明显变化；肥胖对照组、肥胖抵抗对照组大鼠血清ALT、AST水平高于普饲对照组并且具有非常显著的差异，肥胖游泳组大鼠血清ALT、AST显著低于肥胖对照组；肥胖对照组大鼠CYP7A1mRNA相对表达量高度显著低于普饲对照组。肥胖游泳组大鼠CYP7A1mRNA相对表达量显著高于肥胖对照组。结论：10周高脂饮食可引肥胖及肥胖抵抗大鼠血脂出现异常，脂质代谢紊乱、肝脏出现脂肪沉积、肝功能异常；有氧运动可能通过增加肥胖大鼠肝脏CYP7A1表达，改善胆固醇转化障碍，从而达到改善10周高脂饮食导致的肝功能异常的现象。 相似文献
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Kelsey H.Collins Graham Z.MacDonald David A.Hart Ruth A.Seerattan Jaqueline L.Rios Raylene A.Reimer Walter Herzog 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(2):132-139,197
Background:Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of pain and disability worldwide,and a large percentage of patients with osteoarthritis are individuals who are also obese.In recent years,a series of animal models have demonstrated that obesity-inducing diets can result in synovial joint damage(both with and without the superimposition of trauma),which may be related to changes in percentage of body fat and a series of low-level systemic inflammatory mediators.Of note,there is a disparity between whether the dietary challenges commence at weaning,representing a weanling onset,or at skeletal maturity,representing an adult onset of obesity.We wished to evaluate the effect ofthe dietary exposure time and the age at which animals are exposed to a high-fat and high-sucrose(HFS) diet to determine whether these factors may result in disparate outcomes,as there is evidence suggesting that these factors result in differential metabolic disturbances.Based on dietary exposure time,we hypothesized that rats fed an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) would demonstrate an increase in knee joint damage scores,whereas rats exposed to the HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult) and rats exposed to a standard chow diet(Chow)would not display an increase in knee joint damage scores.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) or an HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult).At sacrifice,joints were scored using the modified Mankin Criteria,and serum was analyzed for a defined subset of inflammatory markers(Interleukin-6,leptin,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and tumor necrosis factorα).Results:When the HFS Weanling and HFS Adult groups were compared,both groups had a similar percent of body fat,although the HFS Weanling group had a significantly greater body mass than the HFS Adult group.The HFS Weanling and HFS Adult animals had a significant increase in body mass and percentage of body fat when compared to the Chow group.Although knee joint damage scores were low in all 3 groups,we found,contrary to our hypothesis,that the HFS Adult group had statistically significant greater knee joint damage scores than the Chow and HFS Weanling groups.Furthermore,we observed that the HFS Weanling group did not have significant differences in knee joint damage scores relative to the Chow group.Conclusion:These findings indicate that the HFS Weanling animals were better able to cope with the dietary challenge of an HFS diet than the HFS Adult group.Interestingly,when assessing various serum proinflammatory markers,no significant differences were detected between the HTS Adult and HFS Weanling groups.Although details regarding the mechanisms underlying an increase in knee joint damage scores in the HFS Adult group remain to be elucidated,these findings indicate that dietary exposure time maybe less important than the age at which an HFS diet is introduced.Moreover,increases in serum proinflammatory mediators do not appear to be directly linked to knee joint damage scores in the HFS Weanling group animals but may be partially responsible for the observed knee joint damage in the adults over the very short time of exposure to the HFS diet. 相似文献
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甘肃省居民身体质量指数、腰围、腰臀比特点及一般身体锻炼效果研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
身体质量指数与体脂肪率存在着较高的相关关系 ,是评估体脂肪率简便而实用的方法之一 ,但是在实际运用中应充分考虑性别和各年龄组之间的差异。甘肃省居民超重和肥胖现象已相当突出 ,男性 30岁、女性 4 0岁组以上超重比例已达三分之一左右 ;一般的身体锻炼对控制体重或去脂效果不甚明显。有效控制肥胖 ,一是教育人们养成良好的生活方式、注意合理饮食、加强锻炼、保持健康心态等 ;二是研究制定适宜的运动控制体重等处方进行健康干预。 相似文献
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目前肥胖症的治疗方法主要有4种：单纯节食,药物减肥,手术去脂,运动减肥。运动减肥以小强度、长时间适宜的有氧运动,消耗体内的脂肪,达到减肥的目的。运动还可以增强体质、促进健康,具有其他减肥方法不可能达到的健康促进作用。文章介绍了运动减肥的3种模式：全封闭式运动减肥模式、运动减肥夏令营模式、公益性运动减肥模式;运动减肥操作常规,包括运动强度的确定、运动负荷试验、运动减肥运动项目的选择、运动减肥持续时间等问题。并通过众多的实验研究证实了运动减肥对肥胖症患者身体形态的改善作用、运动减肥对肥胖症患者脂肪肝的改善作用、运动减肥对血脂代谢的改善作用、运动减肥对肥胖症患者心脏功能的影响、运动减肥对肥胖症患者动脉粥样硬化致病因子的影响、运动减肥对肥胖症患者炎症因子与抗氧化能力的影响、运动减肥对肥胖症患者瘦素和脂联素的影响,综合阐述了运动减肥对肥胖症患者健康的促进作用。 相似文献
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目的:研究有氧运动对不同程度肥胖青少年形态、机能、糖脂代谢及身体素质的影响,探索非医疗运动手段治疗青少年肥胖的可行性方法。方法:招募50名13~19岁肥胖青少年,依据BMI值分别纳入中度或重度肥胖组,每组25人。两组受试者进行6周有氧运动(5days/week,50min/day),在运动前、运动3周和6周后分别测试受试者的身体形态、基础生理机能、糖脂代谢和身体素质等指标,并对以上数据进行统计学分析。结果:3周和6周运动均显著降低两肥胖组的体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、脂肪量、体脂率、血脂、甘油三酷、血清胰岛素水平和胰岛素抵抗指数(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),下调重度肥胖组的低密度脂蛋白水平(P＜ 0.01),提高两组肺活量、肺活量指数和50 m跑、俯卧撑、坐位体前屈成绩(P＜ 0.05);6周运动还能进一步提高两组的1 000 m跑、平衡能力以及重度肥胖组的瘦体重和高密度脂蛋白水平(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),下调两组的基础代谢率(P＜0.05)。结论:3周有氧运动就能有效改善肥胖青少年的体质健康,运动改善体质健康的效应呈时间依赖性增加的模式,并且重度肥胖者相比中度肥胖者对有氧运动更加敏感。 相似文献
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目的探讨有氧运动联合膳食干预对2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌AMPK活性和蛋白含量的影响。方法 6周龄雄性SD大鼠62只,随机抽取8只大鼠作为正常对照组(C组,n=8),喂以标准普通饲料。其余54只在喂饲高糖高脂膳食的基础上,腹腔注射小剂量的链脲佐菌素(STZ),建立2型糖尿病动物模型。然后将2型糖尿病大鼠随机分成4组:DM对照组(DM,n=9)、DM+运动锻炼组(DME,n=10)、DM+膳食控制组(DMD,n=10)、DM+运动锻炼+膳食控制组(DMED,n=10)。DM组大鼠继续喂饲高脂高糖饲料,不进行运动锻炼;运动锻炼采用每天进行60 min的无负重游泳运动,每周6次;膳食控制采用与DM组等量的标准普通饲料。12周后,检测各组大鼠FPG、FINS、骨骼肌中AMPK含量和活性。结果 (1)与C组相比,DM组大鼠FPG显著升高(P<0.01),FINS显著降低(P<0.01)。双因素方差分析显示,与DM组相比,DME组FPG显著性降(P<0.05),FINS虽有上升,但没有显著性差异(P>0.05);DMD组FINS显著升高(P<0.05),但FPG没有显著性变化(P>0.05);运动联合膳食控制对糖尿病大鼠FPG、FINS均无显著性交互作用。(2)与C组相比,DM组大鼠骨骼肌中AMPK含量和活性均显著性下降(P<0.01,P<0.05);双因素方差分析显示,与DM组相比,DME组骨骼肌中AMPK含量和活性均有显著升高(P<0.05、P<0.01)。DMD组骨骼肌中AMPK含量和活性均无显著性变化。运动联合膳食控制对糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌中AMPK含量和活性均无显著性交互作用。结论 (1)研究成功复制了2型糖尿病大鼠模型,而有氧运动锻炼对2型糖尿病大鼠具有显著的干预作用。(2)2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌中AMPK含量和活性显著降低,有氧运动锻炼不仅有效地提高2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌AMPK含量,而且可显著增加AMPK活性,对改善2型糖尿病机体的糖脂代谢具有非常重要的作用,但膳食控制对其作用不明显。 相似文献
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目的：验证6个月的新型太极拳康复方案干预是否可以改善老年女性膝关节炎患者的下肢肌力和动态平衡能力。方法：招募46名老年女性膝骨关节炎患者，随机分为太极组和对照组，进行为期6个月的实验干预。实验前后，通过等速肌力测试仪和动态平衡测试指标，测量所有受试者下肢肌力和动态平衡能力。结果：6个月前后，太极组下肢肌力无显著性差异（P>0.05），但动态稳定性显著性提高（P<0.05）。结论：新型太极拳康复干预可促进女性膝骨关节炎患者动态平衡稳定性，简易有效，易于推广。 相似文献
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Max R. Paquette Shelby A. Peel Brian K. Schilling Dan A. Melcher Richard J. Bloomer 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(5):546-554
Runners often experience delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), especially of the knee extensors, following prolonged running. Sagittal knee joint biomechanics are altered in the presence of knee extensor DOMS but it is unclear how muscle soreness affects lower limb biomechanics in other planes of motion. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of knee extensor DOMS on three-dimensional (3D) lower limb biomechanics during running. Thirty-three healthy men (25.8?±?6.8 years; 84.1?±?9.2?kg; 1.77?±?0.07?m) completed an isolated eccentric knee extensor damaging protocol to elicit DOMS. Biomechanics of over-ground running at a set speed of 3.35?m?s?1±5% were measured before eccentric exercise (baseline) and, 24?h and 48?h following exercise in the presence of knee extensor DOMS. Knee flexion ROM was reduced at 48?h (P?=?0.01; d?=?0.26), and peak knee extensor moment was reduced at 24?h (P?=?0.001; d?=?0.49) and 48?h (P?<?0.001; d?=?0.68) compared to baseline. Frontal and transverse plane biomechanics were unaffected by the presence of DOMS (P?>?0.05). Peak positive ankle and knee joint powers and, peak negative knee joint power were all reduced from baseline to 24?h and 48?h (P?<?0.05). These findings suggest that knee extensor DOMS greatly influences sagittal knee joint angular kinetics and, reduces sagittal power production at the ankle joint. However, knee extensor DOMS does not affect frontal and transverse plane lower limb joint biomechanics during running. 相似文献
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Sareena Hamzah Siobhan Higgins Tamara Abraham Paul Taylor Daiva Vizbaraite 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1545-1554
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether rates of total fat and carbohydrate oxidation and endurance capacity during running conducted in the fasted state are influenced by the glycaemic index (GI) of high carbohydrate diets consumed over 5 days. Nine healthy males performed three treadmill runs to exhaustion at 65% of maximum oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2max): after a habitual diet (control trial), after 5 days on a high carbohydrate/high glycaemic index diet, and after 5 days on a high carbohydrate/low glycaemic index diet in randomized counterbalanced order. No significant differences in rates of fat and carbohydrate oxidation, concentrations of plasma insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol, or time to exhaustion were observed between the high carbohydrate/high glycaemic index and high carbohydrate/low glycaemic index trials. Compared with the control trial, the concentration of plasma glycerol and rate of fat oxidation were lower (P < 0.05) and the rate of carbohydrate oxidation higher (P < 0.05) in both the high carbohydrate/high glycaemic index diet and high carbohydrate/low glycaemic index trials during the run to exhaustion. In conclusion, the extent by which a high carbohydrate diet consumed over 5 days reduces rate of fat oxidation during subsequent running exercise in the fasted state is not influenced by the glycaemic index of the diet. 相似文献
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肥胖的致因、危害及减肥 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
肥胖已成为现代医学关注的焦点．肥胖的致因、危害及减肥方法目前尚无定论。引起肥胖的原因是多方面的，但主要是营养过剩、运动不足、遗传因素及代谢异常；肥胖与多种疾病明显相关；减体重的方法很多，以运动辅以控制饮食效果最佳。 相似文献
18.
女大学生瘦身行为与认知现状的调查 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
对在校女大学生瘦身的行为和认知状况进行了调查分析，结果显示：有47．3％的调查对象经过瘦身，并且有18．2％的正在瘦身，353名施行过瘦身的学生中，采用运动瘦身的占32．6％，节食瘦身的占25．3％。瘦身的原因中对自己身材不满意的占73．5％，为增加自信占52．9％。调查对象中14．8％经常运动，70．8％只是有时运动，14．4％不运动。运动瘦身方式是跑步（47．1％）、健身操（45．6％）。对未来的预防肥胖措施选择依次是控制饮食（58．0％）、运动（57．5％）、减少睡眠（7．5％）。建议：加强女大学生对体重指数的正确认识，加强高校体育的功能和作用，养成良好的生活习惯，全社会积极分工配合，改变使人肥胖的大环境。 相似文献
19.
目的：探讨不同强度运动对青春期肥胖大鼠肝肾功能的影响。方法：建模7周后,选取喂食高脂饲料的肥胖大鼠24只,随机分为4组,每组6只,分别为安静对照组（Oc）、低强度运动组（OL）、中强度运动组（OM）、高强度运动组（OH）。OL、OM、oH分别以15-18m／min、21-25m／min和28-32m／min的强度运动,坡度均为0。,lh／天,5次／周,共干预8周。干预后麻醉大鼠采集血液,测定血浆蛋白以及肝肾功能相关指标。结果：8周运动干预后,大鼠体重、内脏脂肪量及体脂率运动组较对照组显著降低（P〈O．01）;内脏脂肪量及体脂率0M、0H组显著低于OL组（P〈O．05、P〈O．01）;血白蛋白OH组高于0c组（P〈0．01）。血尿素氮与血肌酐各组之间无明显差异（P〉o．05）。结论：实施8周不同强度运动干预后,使青春期肥胖大鼠体重、内脏脂肪量和体脂率明显降低,随着运动强度的增加,调节效果更明显。该运动干预能有效调节血浆蛋白与肝肾功能,但不同运动强度之间无明显差别。 相似文献
20.
含铬螺旋藻对肥胖大鼠体重及体脂的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究含铬螺旋藻对高脂高能量诱导的大鼠单纯性肥胖的体重和体脂的影响,本文以30只成年SD大鼠为对象,适应喂饲一周后,将其随机分为对照组(10只),高脂组(10只)和实验组即含铬螺旋藻组(10只)。饲养六周后处死。实验结果表明：六周高脂高能量膳食后,对照组和实验组体重和李氏指数无显著差异,高脂组体重和李氏指数显著高于实验组和对照组;高脂组TC、TG、LDL均高于实验组,TC、LDL值有显著性意义,TG值无显著性意义。提示高脂高能量所诱导大鼠单纯性肥胖和高脂血症以高胆固醇血症为主,含铬螺旋藻能明显改善由高脂高能量诱导的大鼠单纯性肥胖和高脂血症。 相似文献