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1.
PWV和ABI的测定在体质检测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨脉搏波传导速度(PWV)和踝臂血压指数(ABI)应用于体质检测的效果和适用性.选取3 348名年龄为20～89岁的普通市民,同时测量肱动脉-踝动脉脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)、ABI以及身高、体重、体重指数(BMI)等指标.结果发现baPWV随年龄增长而逐渐增大,女子的baPWV明显低于男子;ABI异常(ABI<0.9或ABI>1.3)的占3%左右;baPWV与BMI成正相关(r=0.19～0.20,P<0.001).结论:在普通人群中进行PWV和ABI普查,可以发现血管壁的硬度及弹性改变,早期控制并结合运动干预,对心血管疾病预防、诊治及亚健康的改善极具实用性,十分适合在国民体质检测中应用和推广. 相似文献
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目的:探讨20-69岁人群血压以及不同BMI、腰围、腰臀比水平等与血压值和高血压检出率的关系。方法:取52614例2010年国民体质监测中成年人组、老年人组调查资料,统计年龄、性别、城乡种类、BMI、腰围、腰臀比、收缩压、舒张压、脉压、体质评分等指标并进行分析。结果:血压值与年龄、性别、城乡种类、BMI、腰围、腰臀比、体质评分关系密切(P<0.01);收缩压、舒张压、脉压随着年龄的增长而增加,男子的血压值显著高于女子(P<0.01);乡村居民的血压值高于城市体力劳动者(P<0.01),城市体力劳动者血压值高于城市非体力劳动者(P<0.01);体质未合格组的血压值高于体质合格、良好、优秀组(P<0.01);以BMI分类人群的血压值依次是肥胖﹥超重﹥正常﹥偏轻(P<0.01);腰围超标和腰臀比超标人群的血压值显著高于正常人群(P<0.01)。高血压总检出率为17.4%,男性为20.53%,女性为14.44%,男子的检出率高于女子(P<0.01);在体重正常、超重、肥胖组之间检出率差异显著(P<0.01);腰围和腰臀比超标者检出率高于正常者(P<0.01);在不同体质等级之间高血压检出率差异显著(P<0.01)。结论:血压值随年龄、体重增长,并呈现明显的性别、体型、体质等级、城乡差异;高血压检出率与性别、体重、体型、体质有密切关系,控制体重和腰围,增强体质,是非药物降低血压值、防治高血压的重要措施。 相似文献
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了解武汉市成年人超重、肥胖人群心肺功能特征。以2010年武汉市国民体质监测数据为基础,通过计算BMI进行分组,分析20-59岁成年人超重、肥胖人群血压、肺活量及台阶指数特征。结论：1）超重或肥胖组人群的平均血压水平明显高于体重正常组人群,体重与血压具有明显的相关性,超重和肥胖人群高血压检出率明显高于体重正常人群。2）超重或肥胖组人群肺活量/体重指数明显低于体重正常组人群,肺活量/体重指数与体重呈显著性相关,但肺活量与体重无明显的相关性。3）台阶指数与体重并无明显的相关性,与年龄具有一定的相关性。 相似文献
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运用体质指数法、皮褶厚度法及生物电阻抗法,判断上海城区儿童青少年超重、肥胖发生率及其一致性。结果显示:3种方法在判断不同年龄、性别儿童青少年超重、肥胖上一致性较低;测量原理与精确性不同,青少年儿童体成分化学组成不成熟及诊断、筛查标准的差异可能是3种方法一致性较低的原因。提出应建立适合我国儿童青少年"多维模型"假设下的体脂率预测方程。 相似文献
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分析河南省直机关40～59岁公务员不同血压类型人群的身体质量指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)和腰臀比(Waist Hip Ratio,WHR)差异,并探讨其对血压水平的影响.结果表明:高血压检出人群和正常高值血压人群以超重或肥胖为主;BMI、WHR对男性高血压和女性正常高值血压的影响较大;BMI对收缩压的预测最强,WHR对舒张压的预测最强,两者相结合来预测高血压更有效. 相似文献
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跟踪和探讨运动对脉搏波传导速度(PWV)影响的生物学机制及其应用研究进展.采用回顾性研究和前瞻性分析相结合的综述性研究方法,综述了脉搏波传导速度的基本原理、研究现状和应用发展趋势及其在运动医学领域中的应用展望.PWV在心血管疾病预测中的应用研究较为广泛,已成为临床实践中评价动脉僵硬度的"金"指标,运动改善动脉僵硬度的可能机制涉及到内皮和血管平滑肌及其细胞间质成分与功能改变、NO和CO/HO系统以及内皮素等多种生物学因素.有规律的运动对心血管疾病防治是积极有效的.目前已有PWV在运动医学领域中的应用研究报道,在运动医学临床实践中PWV具有很好的应用前景.推测PWV在一定程度上可作为运动防治心血管疾病强有力的预后检测指标. 相似文献
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探讨Logistic回归与Roc曲线在甘肃省高校学生人群超重/肥胖筛查中的可行性。综合运用Logistic与Roc曲线筛查甘肃省高校学生人群超重/肥胖是可行的,年龄、是否经常吃零食、吃饭速度、是否吃经常吃夜宵、每天静坐时间5个生活方式指标综合预测模型具有较好的预测效果。 相似文献
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《体育与科学》2015,(4)
目的:分析江苏省成年人超重和肥胖患病率的变化和流行特点,为肥胖症预防和控制提供依据。方法:利用2000年、2005年、2010年三次合计85362个样本的江苏省国民体质监测资料,分析比较10年间江苏省成年人超重率和肥胖率的变化特征。超重和肥胖采用中国人群BMI标准评价。结果:(1)10年间江苏省成年居民标化超重率和肥胖率分别增加了8.7%和43.4%,其中城镇分别增加3%和20.8%,同期农村的超重率和肥胖率大幅度增加了13.7%和77.8%,2010年超重率和肥胖率分别达到36.4%和11.9%,全省估计的超重人数增加了343.9万,肥胖人数增加了281.7万;(2)年龄期间队列分析,各出生队列的超重率和肥胖率在全年龄段均呈现上升趋势,45岁前增幅较大,50岁后增幅平缓,10年间男性的肥胖率增幅高于女性;(3)多因素logistic回归的调整OR值为:男性1.693(女性参照),苏中1.147和苏北1.387(苏南参照),城镇1.127(农村参照),2005年度1.138和2010年度1.291(2000年参照),所有P<0.001。结论:江苏省成年居民超重率和肥胖率居呈现快速上升的趋势,45岁以前人群、农村地区人群肥胖率增幅较快,是今后肥胖控制的重点群体;不同年龄、性别、城乡、南北地域、监测年度的超重和肥胖风险存在差异。 相似文献
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目的:研究50~59岁不同脉搏波传播速度人群在逐级递增负荷实验中血管指标的变化,为其有效运动、避免运动风险提供科学依据。方法:以83名50~59岁成年人为研究对象,测定运动中该人群的心率、血压、脉搏波传播速度(brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity,ba-PWV)等血管机能评价指标的变化。结果:(1)ba-PWV1700cm/s人群比ba-PWV1400cm/s人群、1400cm/sba-PWV1700cm/s人群普遍肥胖;(2)ba-PWV1700cm/s人群和1400cm/sba-PWV1700cm/s人群安静状态下收缩压高于ba-PWV1400cm/s人群,具有显著性差异;(3)在递增负荷运动中ba-PWV1400cm/s人群和1400cm/sba-PWV1700cm/s人群舒张压始终在正常范围内,ba-PWV1700cm/s人群在负荷大于100W后舒张压迅速上升,超过正常范围;(4)ba-PWV1700cm/s人群和1400cm/sba-PWV1700cm/s人群在递增负荷实验中均有超过40%的受试者因为血压过高而终止实验。结论:(1)ba-PWV1700cm/s人群多伴有肥胖症状;(2)ba-PWV1700cm/s人群可能会是运动中心血管风险事件的高发人群;(3)ba-PWV1400cm/s人群和1400cm/sba-PWV1700cm/s人群运动中心率、血压上升平稳,上升速率小于baPWV1700cm/s人群;(4)普通人的运动心血管危险可有效的用脉搏波传播速度进行预测,防止运动风险的发生。 相似文献
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目的了解湖北省20-59岁人群身体质量指数(BMI)影响因素,为制定相应、有效的预防措施提供依据。方法利用2014年湖北省国民体质监测调查问卷中的部分数据,统计分析使用SPSS19.0进行χ2检验、多分类变量Logistic回归分析。结果湖北省20-59岁人群BMI的影响因素主要是年龄、性别、教育程度、职业类型、过去一年是否参加体育锻炼、居住或工作场所是否有公共体育活动场地设施。结论超重肥胖现象在湖北省城乡居民中广为流行,在20-59岁人群中超重肥胖流行的最大贡献来自于城镇男性居民;以BMI正常组作为参照组,分析BMI过轻组和BMI超重肥胖组的危险因素,年龄、性别、教育程度、过去一年是否参加体育锻炼、居住或工作场所是否有公共体育活动场地设施进入了Logistic回归模型。 相似文献
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Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) has become a popular modality of arterial stiffness measurement. However, its projected arterial segment does not include the proximal aorta which plays important roles for attenuating cardiac pulsation and reducing afterload. We hypothesised that aerobic capacity would be more strongly associated with PWV including the proximal aorta than that omitting the proximal aorta. To test our hypothesis, we compared the association between aerobic capacity and arterial stiffness parameters omitting vs. including the proximal aorta (i.e. baPWV vs. heart-ankle PWV [haPWV]) in 82 apparently healthy men (18–64 years). Estimated VO2max significantly correlated with baPWV (r?=??0.394, P?<?.001), and more strongly with haPWV (r?=??0.546, P?<?.001). The forward stepwise multi-regression analysis revealed that haPWV (β?=??0.335), as well as age, heart rate, and body mass index (β?=??0.280 to ?0.297), was a significant independent determinant explaining variance of estimated VO2max. These results suggest that aerobic capacity is influenced more strongly by the proximal aortic stiffness than distal aortic stiffness. 相似文献
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M Martín-Matillas FB Ortega JR Ruiz D Martínez-Gómez G Vicente-Rodríguez A Marcos L Béghin A Kafatos M González-Gross M Zaccaria D Molnár S De Henauw M Sjöström LA Moreno MJ Castillo On Behalf Of The Helena Study 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(13):1329-1335
Abstract High physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is positively associated with favourable health-related outcomes. Our aim was to examine the relationship between relatives' (father, mother, brother, sister, and best friend) physical activity engagement and encouragement on adolescents' physical fitness. Adolescents were part of the HELENA study, a multi-centre study conducted in 10 cities from nine European countries in 2006-2008. Participants were 3288 adolescents (48% boys, 52% girls) aged 12.5-17.5 years with valid data on at least one of the three fitness variables studied: muscular strength (standing long jump), speed/agility (4×10 m shuttle run), and cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle run). The adolescents reported their relatives' physical activity engagement and encouragement. Analysis of covariance showed that relatives' physical activity engagement (father, mother, brother, and best friend) was positively related to cardiorespiratory fitness (P?相似文献
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Arianna Ceschia Stefano Giacomini Simone Santarossa Miriam Rugo Desy Salvadego Alessandro Da Ponte 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(2):271-278
The prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically during the past decades in Europe and understanding physical fitness and its components in children is critical to design and implement effective interventions. The objective of the present study was to analyse the association between physical fitness (aerobic, speed, agility, power, flexibility and balance) and body mass index (BMI) in pre-pubertal children. A total of 2411 healthy schoolchildren (7–11 years) participated in this study. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were assessed by skinfold thickness. Physical fitness was measured by nine physical fitness tests: endurance running, 20 m running speed, agility, handgrip strength, standing long jump and squat jump, sit and reach, medicine ball forward throw and static balance. No relevant differences were observed between boys and girls regarding anthropometric characteristics, body composition and physical fitness. However, overweight and obese children showed significantly lower physical fitness levels in endurance running, speed and agility (mean: +18.8, +5.5 and +14.5% of time to complete tasks, respectively), lower limb power normalised to body mass (?23.3%) and balance tests (number of falls: +165.5%) than their normal weight counterparts. On the other hand, obesity did not affect handgrip, throwing and flexibility. In conclusion, increased BMI was associated with lower performance capabilities limiting proper motor skill development, which directly affects the ability of children to take on sports skills. Actions undertaken to promote children's wellness and fitness should be prioritised and introduced early in life with the aim of enhancing physical fitness as well as preventing overweight and obesity. 相似文献
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Susanne A. Tittlbach Darko Jekauc Steffen C. E. Schmidt Alexander Woll Klaus Bös 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(8):1090-1099
Objectives: This study’s aims were to describe the development of physical activity, physical fitness (PF), subjective (physical complaints (PC)) and objective (Body mass index (BMI)) health measures and to examine the relationship between the development trajectories. In addition, the study also aimed to assess the influence of sociodemographic determinants (age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES)) in German adults over a period of 18 years. Methods: The longitudinal study population comprises of 721 men and women, aged 33–76 years over the study period. There was self-report of physical activity and PC and testing of physical fitness and BMI in each study year (1992, 1997, 2002 and 2010). Latent growth curve models were used to analyse the development. Results: Physical activity slightly increased while fitness, PC and BMI worsened over the course of 18 years. Sex, age and SES play important roles concerning physical activity, fitness and health. Several integrative associations could be detected between physical activity, fitness, PC and BMI as well as their trajectories. In particular, high initial levels of physical activity and fitness protect from high PC and BMI.The slope of physical activity was not significantly associated with slopes of fitness, PC and BMI. However, increase of fitness resulted in decrease of PC. Conclusions: A general positive development regarding the amount of physical activity could be detected. However, if it is only an unsystematic increase of physical activity, this is not in itself enough to achieve health benefits. The strengthening of fitness should be focused when increasing physical activity, since only then a health benefit is possible. 相似文献
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目的:分析大学生步行量与体质的关系,建立大学生步行量参考标准;方法:使用计步器调查302名大学生1周的步行量,并进行体质健康测试,采用Person相关法分析步行量与各项体质指标的相关性,采用ROC曲线法建立大学生健康步行量参考标准;结果:大学生步行量与BMI、台阶指数、肺活量体重指数及体质健康测试总分之间有低度相关性,采用ROC曲线法可建立台阶指数及格、肺活量体重指数及格和体质健康测试及格所对应的步行量切点;结论:11 000步/天可作为大学生步行量参考标准。 相似文献
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江苏省国民和学生体质监测某些跨系统共有指标的特征及其影响因素 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以2000年江苏省国民体质和学生体质两大系统监测结果为基础，首次研究了3－69岁跨系统的共有指标及其随年龄，性别和城乡而异的特征及可能的影响因素，试图为提高国民体质的研究的连续性和完整性提供参考。研究表明，现有指标可以较敏感地反映在不同人群的体质差异，其变化显示出幼儿和老年期男女，城乡差别小，青壮年差别大的“梭形”变化，本省女性中年后的城乡差别显示出经济，生活条件与体力劳动对体质的综合影响效应，体育和教育两大体质监测系统的进一步协调统一有利于提高我国国民体质监测和水平。 相似文献
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《健身教育论》是林笑峰晚年的重要著作,其中汇集了林笑峰体育思想的精华。在该书中,林笑峰通过论述健身、健身学、健身课等内容,初步构建了“健身教育论”的理论体系。以《健身教育论》为研究重心,剖析了林笑峰“健身教育论”的理论渊源、思维框架与现实价值。研究认为:(1)“健身教育论”的提出是对“真义体育”观的继承与发展;(2)“健身教育论”的核心观点为:健身与体育互为依存、健身学应成为学校体育的主业、体育教学应以健身教育为本职工作;(3)韩丹对“健身教育论”的质疑展现了他与林笑峰不同的学术追求;(4)“健身教育论”的时代价值体现在以下3个方面:有助于唤起大众对体育功能的反思、为个人健康意识与行为的培养提供指导、为体育与健康教育的深度融合提供方案。 相似文献
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The ways in which students make sense of the gendered fitness expectations found in a norm-referenced fitness testing program (i.e. President's challenge physical fitness test) were the focus of this study. Participants were 18 fifth grade students who completed fitness tests in their physical education classes. They were interviewed using a standardized, open-ended protocol designed to elicit their perceptions of the fitness test. Three salient themes emerged from the data: (1) students used notions of essentialism and social construction to explain gender differences; (2) students observed their peers’ performances through gendered lenses; and (3) students provided suggestions for change. Based on the findings from this study, researchers and practitioners may begin to recognize the ways in which fitness testing affects how students socially construct ideologies about fitness, ability and their bodies. 相似文献