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Even though knowledge assets have been widely recognized as the principal drivers of firm's competitive advantage, few are the frameworks that have explained how these strategic assets are transformed into value and how the value creation process occurs. Also there is a confusing terminology in the literature surrounding many concepts explaining the dynamics of value creation. By conducting a Systematic Review – an evidence-based methodology for theory building – this paper seeks to define a ‘common language’ of the concepts used to explain this phenomenon, and build the assumptions of a theoretical model that explains how knowledge assets, through learning mechanisms, are linked, renewed, and leveraged into socio-technical processes or organizational routines, that in turn form the basis of organizational capabilities. As they are socially constructed, these organizational capabilities, when leveraged into products and services, generate value and provide firms with a sustainable competitive advantage and long-term superior performance. The model should therefore serve as a theoretical contribution to the literature and it has a further potential benefit to begin an inquiry, for both theory building and management, about the nature of firm's knowledge assets and organizational capabilities, and the sources of sustainable competitive advantage. Some of these avenues are outlined in this paper. 相似文献
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当世界进入知识时代,组织和企业赖以生存的环境发生了根本的变化,为了维持生存和发展,学习型组织已经成为企业的核心战略之一,本文通过对社会学、心理学、经济学对组织学习理论的渊源探讨,分析了管理学对组织学习理论研究的角度和源泉,以便企业决策人更进一步理解组织学习的理论和建立适应组织情景的组织学习机制。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Information Management》2017,37(4):313-316
In an increasingly globalized and hyper connected business environment, using knowledge strategically is often critical for competitive performance. This article is motivated to illuminate the notion of strategic knowledge management (SKM) in organizations. In this regard, executives need to develop an informed understanding of what types of organizational knowledge (and how much) can be ‘structured’ and/or allowed to ‘proliferate’ in order to sustain both work productivity and innovation capacity toward a harmonious conceptualization of strategic knowledge in their organizations. This conceptual paper is based on analysing certain exemplars of why organizations need to put greater emphasis on the equivalence between codification and personalization in the context of strategic knowledge management. Our explanations on managing strategic knowledge through different examples provide insights and pitfalls that organizations must be aware of and are as follows. Firstly, we argue that an exclusive emphasis on codification or personalization runs the risk of ‘knowledge structuration’ or ‘knowledge proliferation’ respectively in an organization’s strategic knowledge management. Secondly, executives should continuously realize the need to emphasize on equivalence (or congruence) between codification and personalization aspects of SKM in order to keep enduring work productivity and innovation capacity in organizations. Thirdly, we argue that SKM initiatives that prodigiously focus on either codification or personalization can lead to pitfalls despite plenty of managerial interventions. We further believe that our proposed ideas will be worthwhile considerations for executives/leaders responsible for strategy, IT and innovation divisions of the organization to determine whether its organization’s knowledge engine is running smoothly, and if not, where to direct their energy to yield long term and robust outcomes. 相似文献
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This is a historical study of organizational change projects based on documents as the primary data source. It covers a period of 15 years (1985–2000) at an offshore construction yard. The study shows that change agents created links between new and former projects when they prepared, introduced, and motivated employees for ‘yet another’ change project, a process coined as ‘institutional bridging.’ The bridges served both as legitimation of the new project and as a means to carry forward practices, values, and knowledge. For practicing managers and change agents, this finding implies that disruptive change may be avoided if one succeeds in building bridges between sequential change projects. Then planned change may serve both as carriers and as creators of organizational knowledge. Theoretically, the study contributes to the discussion of organizational carriers and how organizations continue and develop identity in contexts characterized by uncertainty and change. 相似文献
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Knowledge of the natural and the social are irreducibly different yet have much in common. The differences lie at the levels of complexity they engage, modes of explanation they adopt, investigation aims they allow and whether they assert a ‘double hermeneutic’ effect to the behaviour of the studied objects. Knowledge are in common in that they are all construed out of available resources, justified based on the consequences of acting upon them, settled until better alternatives emerge, and serving as walking sticks for beating unknown paths in human life. Because of this, there can be no hierarchy of knowledge or unity of methodology, and dialogical encounters guided by situational ethics, not professional deafness driven by ontological/instrumental fallacies, are a viable strategy for morally and practically wise actions, including knowledge management projects. 相似文献
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Phrases such as ‘knowledge-intensive organizations’ (KIOs) and ‘knowledge-intensive firms’ (KIFs), have recently found common usage, describing the distinct activities and attributes of some organizations. But a review of the literature reveals a lack of consensus among scholars and practitioners on the definition of KIOs. What is also absent from the discussion is an agreement on the factors that differentiate KIOs from non-KIOs, and how those factors affect knowledge management (KM) theory and practice. The objective of this paper is to extend a typology of KIOs as a preliminary step to conducting research on these types of organizations. With the typology of KIOs presented in this paper, we hope to provide a basis of distinguishing these organizations from other organizations, and also to allow one to perform comparative organizational analysis. The typology will also help researchers identify which of the organizations are knowledge-intense, and the nature of their knowledge-intensity, so that they help these organizations in designing appropriate KM tools. 相似文献
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This paper provides an empirical insight into the social complexities of practically supporting the knowledge creation processes within a project setting. It helps address a gap in knowledge in the project management, organizational learning and knowledge management literatures, concerning the dynamics of situated learning. Drawing on the findings of a participative action research case study investigation of project-based learning, this paper argues that predominantly adopting a ‘personalization approach’ to manage knowledge flows within a project setting most significantly stimulates situated learning activity. This approach also underpins project participants’ communal and critical reflection on their knowledge management practices and on other sociological elements within their environments that affect their situated learning activities. Undertaking those learning actions only further energizes project participants’ learning activity and progressively helps develop their skills in ‘learning how to learn’. 相似文献
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提高决策者的即兴决策能力是有效应对突发事件的重要内容。以知识管理理论和组织记忆理论为基础,分析应急知识管理、组织记忆与即兴决策能力之间的关系,构建基于应急知识管理、组织记忆的即兴决策模型;在揭示应急知识管理与组织记忆之间的耦合关系的基础上,提出提高即兴决策能力的集成模式;基于应急知识管理、组织记忆流程管理和危机学习的视角,探讨提升决策者的即兴决策能力的具体路径。旨在满足即兴决策的知识需求,从而提高决策者应对突发事件的即兴决策能力。 相似文献
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Studies addressing the connections between knowledge and organization structures can be divided into two classes. One class holds that a perspective on knowledge signals shortcomings of classical design principles and calls for flatter hierarchy and less specification of the production structure. Another class maintains that a knowledge perspective on organizations is at odds with any design perspective, whether classical or not, because the emergent, thoroughly social and practice-based nature of knowledge as knowing in action makes knowledge a useless and even dangerous beacon to designers: ex ante, knowledge is said to be fundamentally indeterminate and any attempt to ‘structure around knowledge’ may effectively drive out knowledge. To explore differences and possible bridges between these two calls of studies, the paper explores how both elements of the equation, organization structure and organizational knowledge, are to be conceived to ensure a meaningful connection between them. It is argued that the grouping focus in both defines the meeting place of organization structures and organizational knowledge, but shows that the involved knowledge and grouping concepts are not mutually compatible. It leads to a view where organization structures are seen as the ‘seeding’ background for knowledge integration processes that, in turn, constitute the patterns of work relationships envisioned in the designer's organizational decomposition and grouping. For illustration purposes, the paper presents the example of the Max Planck Institute that describes one possible way through the conceptual model presented in the paper. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]知识经济时代知识成为核心资源,隐性知识是组织创造价值的源泉。文章设计了一套隐性知识外显案例的多案例诱导型适配方法,对知识用户提供过程辅助,以此提高组织隐性知识的应用效益。[方法/过程]采用熵权法确定案例条件方面权重,利用向量相似度算法计算待解问题与案例库中既有历史案例之间的视图相似度,从而确定待解问题的多案例适配集;针对适配案例集中存在的冗余方面不利于挖掘出案例条件空间对决策空间的决定关系问题,采用遗传算法简化待解问题的适配案例集,并基于简化的适配案例集,利用C4. 5决策树算法求解待解问题诱导型适配的解轨迹。[结果/结论]算例表明,与业内既有适配方法相比,文章提出的多案例诱导型适配方法合理、有效,具有相对优势。 相似文献
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如何提高知识型员工的组织公民行为,是知识经济时代企业领导者面临的一个重要问题。既往研究揭示了LMX对组织公民行为的正向影响,但对其作用机制则关注不够。通过对高技术企业396名知识型员工的实地调查,从工作态度视角探讨LMX对组织公民行为的作用机制。结果表明,较之一般员工,LMX对知识型员工的组织公民行为表现出更高的预测力;工作态度在LMX影响组织公民行为的过程中起着部分中介作用。 相似文献
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The role of organisational climate in managing knowledge sharing among academics in higher education
Organizations have often implemented Knowledge Management programs to connect employees better and promote knowledge sharing (KS). In the context of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), this is particularly valid as knowledge creation and dissemination direct their mission and vision. Academics are one of the pillars of HEIs, where knowledge is created and shared. Nonetheless, as HEIs strive to promote academics’ knowledge sharing culture, the actual behaviour of academics might remain inhibited by numerous issues, namely the organizational. Prior research has been focused primarily on individual, technological and scarce aspects of organizational elements. Therefore, this study assesses the role of organizational climate operationalized by organizational leadership and trust in academics’ KS in HEIs. Partial Least Square (PLS) method where variance-based Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was applied in this study. Results from 257 surveyed academics indicate that organizational climate has an exceptionally strong influence on academics’ KS practices. Additionally, organizational leadership and trust had a positive relationship with academics’ KS behaviour. These findings indicate that it is necessary to consider organizational elements and their interactions when understanding and fostering academics’ knowledge sharing behaviour in HEIs context. 相似文献
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International strategy is enhanced by organizations’ ability to learn in host markets; yet, it remains ambiguous how post-entry knowledge gaps between home – and host country shape MNE’s absorptive capacity. This article builds on the specific contributions of ‘extreme case’ internationalization to advance literature in this field. We foster the understanding of the role of rare knowledge and the mechanisms that link knowledge acquisition to absorptive capacity dynamics used in the internationalization path of multinational enterprises (MNEs). We opt for in-depth qualitative research into the post-entry phase of ‘extreme’ (thus particularly crude) international joint venture (IJV) investment, and analyze the perspective of managers from a developed economy MNE located in a high-risk, weak-institutions host country. The firm’s absorptive capacity and its interaction with external environments that are categorized into four distinct contexts are found to be contingent upon pro-active experiential learning, concurrent to managerial willingness and simultaneous organizational commitments to learning and to exploiting rare knowledge. We thus uncover managerial perceptions of a knowledge gap identified as host-country challenges and resulting managerial solutions, which reveal rare learning opportunities and knowledge exploitation dynamics. The capacity to compensate for knowledge gaps is a critical key within the design and consolidation of an alternative internationalization path for developed-country MNEs. This challenges the traditional risk–return–commitment dependencies in prior literature. 相似文献
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组织结构与知识转化的作用机制研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着企业的快速发展,企业组织结构转型问题越来越受到关注。知识的重要性凸现了从知识转化角度关注企业组织结构的必要性。分析了知识转化要素,研究了其对组织成长和组织结构变迁的影响,分析了组织结构与知识转化过程的关系以及不同类型组织的知识转化特点,进而,对企业组织转型成败的原因进行了重新解读,提出了知识转化要素特征与企业组织结构的匹配性正是影响企业组织结构转型成败的原因所在。 相似文献
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The paper focuses on cluster policies with particular attention to the role of R&D collaborative incentives in the structuring of knowledge networks in clusters. We disentangle the main network failures in regional innovation systems, and discuss the selection procedures designed by policy makers to foster knowledge collaborations. We draw evidence from the French Aerospace Valley cluster from 2006 to 2015. The case study is based on a dataset of 248 granted research consortia, from which we build 4-cohort knowledge networks that enable us evidencing the evolving structural properties of the cluster over time. We suggest avoiding the bias and limitations of 1 and 2-mode network analysis by developing an original place-based network methodology that emphasizes on structural equivalence and groups’ behaviors. We discuss the results focusing on the convergence degree between the structural properties of the cluster selected by the Program and the policy makers’ objectives. Finally, the methodology allows us to identify the agents of the structural and technological changes observed throughout the period. 相似文献
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基于知识结构的组织智商研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
组织智商是组织对其内外环境中的信息、尤其是对未曾预料的事件作出及时有效反应,并快速制定有效决策的能力。它是组织取得成功的必要奈件,类似于人的智商,但又有不同,即组织智商可以被系统地改进。本文在分析组织智商研究现状的基础上,总结出组织智商的定义,提出组织知识是组织智商的基础,即组织知识结构中所包含的元素知识种类、数量和架构知识中被识别的解决问题种类和模式多少是决定组织智商高低的基础,改进组织智商可以从改变组织的知识结构入手。 相似文献
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组织智力资本的增进依赖于组织成员间广泛的共享知识。组织激励与组织文化分别代表了促进组织成员知识共享的正式和非正式组织因素成为学术界与企业界关注的焦点。鉴于鲜有研究同时关注并区分正式的组织激励和非正式的组织文化对知识共享的差异化作用机理,本研究采用修订的社会影响理论对组织激励、组织文化与知识共享三者间的关系进行了系统研究,通过对1182名知识型员工的问卷调查发现：组织激励通过顺从机制的中介效应间接影响组织成员的知识共享意愿;组织文化通过认同机制和内化机制（情感承诺）的中介效应间接影响组织成员的知识共享态度,进而最终影响组织成员的知识共享意愿。 相似文献
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吸收能力是如何从个体层次上升到组织层次的，一直是理论关注的焦点。与既往研究采取相对静态的解释视角不同，本研究基于个体间互动的视角，提出个体间知识共享是由个体吸收能力向组织吸收能力演化的中介变量，通过运用275家企业数据的实证检验，本研究部分证实了这一假设。同时，实证结果还表明，知识交流平台和组织共同愿景正向影响个体间知识共享绩效，组织决策集中化程度负向影响组织吸收能力。本研究在理论上揭示了由个体吸收能力向组织吸收能力演化的内在机制，研究结论对于指导企业提升吸收能力具有现实指导意义。 相似文献