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1.
Quantum technologies can be presented to the public with or without introducing a strange trait of quantum theory responsible for their non-classical efficiency. Traditionally the message was centered on the superposition principle, while entanglement and properties such as contextuality have been gaining ground recently. A less theoretical approach is focused on simple protocols that enable technological applications. It results in a pragmatic narrative built with the help of the resource paradigm and principle-based reconstructions. I discuss the advantages and weaknesses of these methods. To illustrate the importance of new metaphors beyond the Schrödinger cat, I briefly describe a non-mathematical narrative about entanglement that conveys an idea of some of its unusual properties. If quantum technologists are to succeed in building trust in their work, they ought to provoke an aesthetic perception in the public commensurable with the mathematical beauty of quantum theory experienced by the physicist. The power of the narrative method lies in its capacity to do so. 相似文献
2.
Richards JL 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2006,97(4):700-713
At least since the seventeenth century, the strange combination of epistemological certainty and ontological power that characterizes mathematics has made it a major focus of philosophical, social, and cultural negotiation. In the eighteenth century, all of these factors were at play as mathematical thinkers struggled to assimilate and extend the analysis they had inherited from the seventeenth century. A combination of educational convictions and historical assumptions supported a humanistic mathematics essentially defined by its flexibility and breadth. This mathematics was an expression of l'esprit humain, which was unfolding in a progressive historical narrative. The French Revolution dramatically altered the historical and educational landscapes that had supported this eighteenth-century approach, and within thirty years Augustin Louis Cauchy had radically reconceptualized and restructured mathematics to be rigorous rather than narrative. 相似文献
3.
Pesic P 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2010,101(3):501-530
Because the modern concept of number emerged within a quadrivium that included music alongside arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy, musical considerations affected mathematical developments. Michael Stifel embedded the then-paradoxical term "irrational numbers" (numerici irrationales) in a musical context (1544), though his philosophical aversion to the "cloud of infinity" surrounding such numbers finally outweighed his musical arguments in their favor. Girolamo Cardano gave the same status to irrational and rational quantities in his algebra (1545), for which his contemporaneous work on music suggested parallels and empirical examples. Nicola Vicentino's attempt to revive ancient "enharmonic" music (1555) required and hence defended the use of "irrational proportions" (proportiones inrationales) as if they were numbers. These developments emerged in richly interactive social and cultural milieus whose participants interwove musical and mathematical interests so closely that their intense controversies about ancient Greek music had repercussions for mathematics as well. The musical interests of Stifel, Cardano, and Vicentino influenced their respective treatments of "irrational numbers." Practical as well as theoretical music both invited and opened the way for the recognition of a radically new concept of number, even in the teeth of paradox. 相似文献
4.
Social networks are becoming a key communication tool for organizations, but also for top managers like CEOs. Among the different available platforms, Twitter is one of the greatest and it is considered one of the most suitable to share information and engage in dialogue with stakeholders. In this way, this paper analyzes the presence of CEOs on the most active social network sites, and assess the activity and interaction of these top managers on Twitter. CEOs from Global and Latin American companies were selected, to compare their performance. The results of the study show that the presence of CEOs in social networks is very low, and the majority of those that are present on them are not adequately using their Twitter accounts. Although the general presence and performance on are low, LatAm CEOs have a better presence on social networks and they are more active on Twitter, but Global CEOs have better interaction results on their accounts. So, this area of strategic communication should be improved by communication practitioners, since the CEO communication is nowadays a key communication issue for any organization. 相似文献
5.
J. C. Buitelaar 《The Information Society》2014,30(4):266-281
Individuals try to guard their right to privacy by exercising their right to informational self-determination. They thereby hope to retain control over their identity, which they construct over time by interpreting how their past relates to their present. In a similar vein, historians try to make sense of the past by way of interpreting past events. The theory of narrative identity helps to understand these processes. By an explorative discussion of narrative techniques, historiographical methods including the art of (auto)biography, and the role they play in identity construction, this article aims to give fresh insights into the theory of informational self-determination. An analysis is presented of three types of attempts by individuals to gain control of their digital double, in an effort to maintain their personal dignity. With the lessons learned, an indication is given of the viability of the principle of informational self-determination in the Internet era. 相似文献
6.
James G. Taylor 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1981,311(3):151-170
New important battle-outcome-prediction conditions are developed for combat between two homogeneous military forces modelled by variable-coefficient Lanchester-type equations for area fire. Such conditions are very significant in modern operations research for developing important insights into the dynamics of combat. However, similar differential-equation models do arise in other fields of science and technology such as mathematical ecology and epidemiology, and consequently our new mathematical results may also find application there. These new important “simple approximate” battle-outcome-prediction conditions depend on not only the combat-attrition model but also the battle-termination model, and they are developed for two different types of battle-termination conditions (fixed-force-level-breakpoint battles and fixed-force-ratio-breakpoint battles). They are sufficient (but not necessary) to determine the outcome of battle without having to explicitly compute the force-level trajectories, and a generalization of Lanchester’s famous linear law to variable-coefficient combat is involved in their development. Certain integrability properties of the Lanchester attrition-rate coefficients figure prominently in these results, and an important physical interpretation (relating to logistics considerations) is given for these properties. 相似文献
7.
Debora Halbert 《The Information Society》1997,13(4):361-374
This article argues that the hacker is constructed as an information deviant and that this image is helpful in providing rules for appropriate behavior in an information society. The hacker accounts in this article are designed to give the reader an understanding of the types of things being said about hackers. What is more important, however, is how these narratives are used to support a specific notion of property ownership and government secrecy. In making this argument, this article traces the development of the narrative about the hacker from harmless computer nerd to terrorist. 相似文献
8.
学生在解题过程中往往不善于对自己的解题思路进行检验,不对自己的思考过程进行反思,不会分析自己思考方法的优劣,也不善于找出和纠正自己的错误。特别是对解题中所反映的数学思想方法,特殊问题所包含的一般数学意义等,不进行及时、有效地归纳总结,导致获得的知识不系统,结构不严密,解题方法不灵活,不利于提高数学学习效果。 相似文献
9.
Hao Zhang Frank Boons Riza Batista-Navarro 《Information processing & management》2019,56(5):1837-1848
Narratives are comprised of stories that provide insight into social processes. To facilitate the analysis of narratives in a more efficient manner, natural language processing (NLP) methods have been employed in order to automatically extract information from textual sources, e.g., newspaper articles. Existing work on automatic narrative extraction, however, has ignored the nested character of narratives. In this work, we argue that a narrative may contain multiple accounts given by different actors. Each individual account provides insight into the beliefs and desires underpinning an actor’s actions. We present a pipeline for automatically extracting accounts, consisting of NLP methods for: (1) named entity recognition, (2) event extraction, and (3) attribution extraction. Machine learning-based models for named entity recognition were trained based on a state-of-the-art neural network architecture for sequence labelling. For event extraction, we developed a hybrid approach combining the use of semantic role labelling tools, the FrameNet repository of semantic frames, and a lexicon of event nouns. Meanwhile, attribution extraction was addressed with the aid of a dependency parser and Levin’s verb classes. To facilitate the development and evaluation of these methods, we constructed a new corpus of news articles, in which named entities, events and attributions have been manually marked up following a novel annotation scheme that covers over 20 event types relating to socio-economic phenomena. Evaluation results show that relative to a baseline method underpinned solely by semantic role labelling tools, our event extraction approach optimises recall by 12.22–14.20 percentage points (reaching as high as 92.60% on one data set). Meanwhile, the use of Levin’s verb classes in attribution extraction obtains optimal performance in terms of F-score, outperforming a baseline method by 7.64–11.96 percentage points. Our proposed approach was applied on news articles focused on industrial regeneration cases. This facilitated the generation of accounts of events that are attributed to specific actors. 相似文献
10.
WNBTE网页正文抽取方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
WNBTE是一种基于文本字数统计信息,从网页中抽取正文内容的方法。该方法分析网页上存在的各种文字及其特点,寻找网页中包含字符数最多的结点,去掉该结点内的布局文字和说明文字,从而得到正文信息。该方法不需要人工参与,也不需要样本学习,克服了传统网页内容抽取方法中需要根据不同数据源构造不同抽取器的问题。 相似文献
11.
We analysed the decisions of major European public funding organisations to fund or not to fund synthetic biology (SB) and related ethical, legal and social implication (ELSI) studies. We investigated the reaction of public organisations in six countries (Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the U.K.) towards SB that may influence SB's further development in Europe. We examined R&D and ELSI communities and their particular funding situation. Our results show that the funding situation for SB varies considerably among the analysed countries, with the U.K. as the only country with an established funding scheme for R&D and ELSI that successfully integrates these research communities. Elsewhere, we determined a general lack of funding (France), difficulties in funding ELSI work (Switzerland), lack of an R&D community (Austria), too small ELSI communities (France, Switzerland, Netherlands), or difficulties in linking existing communities with available funding sources (Germany), partly due to an unclear SB definition. 相似文献
12.
Alexander AR 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2006,97(4):714-726
A new, Romantic type of mathematical story appeared in the early nineteenth century that was radically different from the sober narrative characteristic of the previous generation of mathematicians. At the same time, a new mathematical practice emerged that differed sharply from the understanding and practice of mathematics during the Enlightenment. These parallel developments are inseparable: the new type of mathematical practice went hand in hand with the new mathematical story. 相似文献
13.
《Information processing & management》2023,60(4):103384
As the most ecologically active cryptocurrency platform, Ethereum has attracted the attention of many researchers. Leveraging its fully public transaction data, most existing analysis models all account interactions as a network and explores it from a static and global perspective. However, their work ignored the investigation of dynamic and microscopic features of accounts. Therefore, we conduct the first work about these features of different kinds of accounts on Ethereum. We select six account types on Ethereum, including exchanges, phishing, etc. Then we characterize and compare the dynamics of their transactions. Next, we construct a transaction ego network for each account, and investigate the network features from the perspective of microscopic structure. Experimental results show that different kinds of accounts have their own traits in terms of transaction features and properties of ego networks, which greatly contributes to understanding their roles. Additionally, there are obvious differences between normal accounts and illegal accounts in some characteristics such as transaction neighbors and interaction patterns. Moreover, we observe that criminal gangs may be participating in phishing scams. Finally, based on the conclusions of the account analysis, we design a variety of account features and use them for the account classification task. The experimental results prove that the dynamic and microscopic features we proposed are beneficial to distinguish different types of accounts. We believe our research can provide reference value for account classification tasks in Ethereum and other blockchains. 相似文献
14.
学生等初学者可以利用Access中的模块和窗体相结合进行一些应用程序的编写。文中窗体中使用了一个列表框和三个命令按钮,可求出100以内所有的素数、1000以内所有的完数和三位数的所有水仙花数。该程序采用双重循环或者三重循环进行了若干数学问题的求解,浅显易懂,令学生易于理解、易于掌握。 相似文献
15.
运用文献资料法、问卷调查法和数理统计法,对西安市城镇居民参与体育旅游的现状及制约因素进行了分析研究,结果显示：西安市城镇居民参与体育旅游的主要群体是年轻人;参与旅游项目集q-在登山、自行车和漂流上;消费水平尚处于休闲娱乐的起步阶段;自助式旅游所占比重较大。存在体育旅游市场和资源开发不足;营销宣传不到位;缺乏专业的体育旅游人才和组织机构等问题。在此基础上,提出了西安市体育旅游发展的若干对策。 相似文献
16.
<正>1两大概念:市场和市场失灵能源对人类历史、文明以及社会制度都有重要影响。能源历史变迁与相关技术创新对人类技术进步和文明发展也具有深远意义。能源经济学研究本身具有跨学科性。为了制定一个合适的学科框架,需要从能源研究的重要概念出发来描述相关学科。对非经济学家来说,描述能源经济学并非 相似文献
17.
《Information processing & management》2020,57(6):102303
Increased usage of bots through the Internet in general, and social networks in particular, has many implications related to influencing public opinion. Mechanisms to distinguish humans from machines span a broad spectrum of applications and hence vary in their nature and complexity. Here we use several public Twitter datasets to build a model that can predict whether or not an account is a bot account based on features extracted at the tweet or the account level. We then apply the model to Twitter's Russian Troll Tweets dataset. At the account level, we evaluate features related to how often Twitter accounts are tweeting, as previous research has shown that bots are very active at some account levels and very low at others. At the tweet level, we noticed that bot accounts tend to sound more formal or structured, whereas real user accounts tend to be more informal in that they contain more slang, slurs, cursing, and the like. We also noted that bots can be created for a range of different goals (e.g., marketing and politics) and that their behaviors vary based on those distinct goals. Ultimately, for high bot-prediction accuracy, models should consider and distinguish among the different goals for which bots are created. 相似文献
18.
R&D, knowledge spillovers and company productivity performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Using company accounts data for 5 countries (US, UK, Japan, France and Germany) we analyse the relationship between intangible assets and productivity. We integrate the company data with industry information on tangible and intangible investments and skill composition of the labour force. The industry data are summarised in two different taxonomies, factor and skill intensive groups, which account for differences in the knowledge intensity and innovative activities within sectors. The results provide evidence of higher productivity in R&D and skill intensive industries. This can be interpreted as evidence in favour of the presence of spillover effects. 相似文献
19.
Claudia Acciai 《Research Policy》2021,50(9):104254
What governments desire to achieve, and how they want to accomplish their goals, represent the core of any policy design process. However, it is still unclear how partisan politics, in its combined effect with path-dependency forces, influence policy makers’ choices over alternative instrument mixes. Through a comparative analysis of Research and Innovation (R&I) instrument choices in countries characterized by different paradigmatic models of policy (Italy and France), the paper investigates how the politics of different cabinets influence the formulation of national R&I strategies and the extent to which these decisions are constrained by the legacy of previous choices. By capitalizing on a new proposed treatment of policy instruments, the paper contributes to the definition of the types of tools found in policy mixes, investigating how national R&I instrument mix variations develop. The results of the analysis indicate how the selection of R&I policy instruments does not closely follow traditional left versus right-wing political cleavages, and their evolution is generally influenced by a combination of different context-dependent dynamics. However, when partisan acceptance of consolidated R&I instrument mixes across cabinets is present, this triggers a consolidating effect on path-dependency forces. 相似文献
20.
Hankins TL 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2006,97(4):606-633
In 1833 John Herschel published a graphical method for determining the orbits of double stars. He argued that his method, which depended on human judgment rather than mathematical analysis, gave better results than computation, given the uncertainty in the data. Herschel found that astronomy and terrestrial physics were especially suitable for graphical treatment, and he expected that graphs would soon become important in all areas of science. He argued with William Whewell and James D. Forbes over the process of induction, over the application of probability, and over the moral content of science. Graphs entered into all these debates; but because they constituted a method, not a metaphysics, they were acceptable to most practicing scientists and became increasingly popular throughout the nineteenth century. 相似文献