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1.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies recognized. Biomarkers which can predict presence of cancer and its progression can help in better management of these disorders. Over production of lipid peroxidation byproducts and disturbances in antioxidant defense system have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases including oral cancer. Studies have shown a correlation of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with tumourigenesis, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Earlier we have observed a significant elevation in plasma BChE and protein thiols in oral cancer patients which correlated well with stages of cancer. As it was not clear whether the above markers will be altered in saliva of oral cancer patients this study was undertaken. Institutional Ethics Committee gave permission to carry out this study. Total of 55 subjects comprising healthy controls (n = 30) and biopsy proven oral cancer patients (n = 25) consented to participate in this study. Salivary samples from cases were taken before any definitive treatment. Protein thiols and BChE were estimated in salivary samples using validated assay methods. Oral cancer patients had a significant increase in pre-treatment salivary BChE levels (p ≤ 0.001) and a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.001) in salivary thiols as compared to respective values in controls. Salivary protein thiols and BChE may have a role in pathophysiology of oral cancer. Saliva can be used as a potential non-invasive screening tool in oral cancer patients.  相似文献   

2.
This systematic review presents the latest trends in salivary research and its applications in health and disease. Among the large number of analytes present in saliva, many are affected by diverse physiological and pathological conditions. Further, the non-invasive, easy and cost-effective collection methods prompt an interest in evaluating its diagnostic or prognostic utility. Accumulating data over the past two decades indicates towards the possible utility of saliva to monitor overall health, diagnose and treat various oral or systemic disorders and drug monitoring. Advances in saliva based systems biology has also contributed towards identification of several biomarkers, development of diverse salivary diagnostic kits and other sensitive analytical techniques. However, its utilization should be carefully evaluated in relation to standardization of pre-analytical and analytical variables, such as collection and storage methods, analyte circadian variation, sample recovery, prevention of sample contamination and analytical procedures. In spite of all these challenges, there is an escalating evolution of knowledge with the use of this biological matrix.Key words: saliva, non-invasive, biological markers, drug monitoring, oral health  相似文献   

3.
The discovery of protein biomarkers that reflect the biological state of the body is of vital importance to disease management. Urine is an ideal source of biomarkers that provides a non-invasive approach to diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of diseases. Consequently, the study of the human urinary proteome has increased dramatically over the last 10 years, with many studies being published. This review focuses on urinary protein biomarkers that have shown potential, in initial studies, for diseases affecting the urogenital tract, specifically chronic kidney disease and prostate cancer, as well as other non-urogenital pathologies such as breast cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis. PubMed was searched for peer-reviewed literature on the subject, published in the last 10 years. The keywords used were “urine, biomarker, protein, and/or prostate cancer/breast cancer/chronic kidney disease/diabetes/atherosclerosis/osteoarthritis”. Original studies on the subject, as well as a small number of reviews, were analysed including the strengths and weaknesses, and we summarized the performance of biomarkers that demonstrated potential. One of the biggest challenges found is that biomarkers are often shared by several pathologies so are not specific to one disease. Therefore, the trend is shifting towards implementing a panel of biomarkers, which may increase specificity. Although there have been many advances in urinary proteomics, these have not resulted in similar advancements in clinical practice due to high costs and the lack of large data sets. In order to translate these potential biomarkers to clinical practice, vigorous validation is needed, with input from industry or large collaborative studies.Key words: urine, protein, biomarker  相似文献   

4.
For evolving a potential Biochemical index for early diagnosis of oral cancer, serum levels of total sialic acid (TSA), lipid bound sialic acid (LSA), mucoid proteins and hexoses (galactose and mannose) were determined in 30 patients with oral cancer. The results were compared with similar values obtained for 30 patients with oral precancerous conditions, 24 healthy controls and 15 normal individuals with a habit of tobacco chewing. All the biomarkers were significantly elevated in oral cancer patients compared to the controls, the normal chewers and precancer patients. The levels of glycoconjugates showed significant increase in patients with oral precancerous conditions compared to the controls. Only LSA and hexoses showed significantly elevated levels in oral precancer patients compared to the normal chewers. The levels of glycoconjugates were more or less comparable between normal chewers and the controls. The parameters evaluated in the oral cancer patients also showed a progressive rise with the clinical stage of the malignant disease. The levels of the four glycoconjugates were also higher in patients with metastasis compared to those with only primary disease. The present findings suggest that the glycoconjugates have clinical utility in diagnosis of the patients with cancer of the oral cavity as well as in staging the disease.  相似文献   

5.
Identification of reliable biomarkers for detection and staging of cancer and monitoring the outcome of anticancer therapy has been considered to be of high importance. We aimed to estimate the levels of serum glycoproteins, protein bound-hexose, protein bound hexosamine, protein bound fucose, protein bound sialic acid and protein bound carbohydrate in 32 ovarian cancer patients and compared them with the levels that found in 25 normal subjects. As compared to the normal subjects, all the four fractions of glycoproteins level were significantly elevated in ovarian cancer patients (p < 0.05). Chemotherapy in these patients significantly decreased the levels of serum glycoproteins (p < 0.05). Thus, high levels of serum glycoproteins in ovarian cancer patients could be due to abnormal protein glycosylation indicating malignant transformation of the cells.  相似文献   

6.
Mammography is the best available tool for screening for the early detection of breast cancer. Mammographic screening has been shown to be effective in reducing breast cancer mortality rates: screening programs have reduced mortality rates by 30–70%.Mammograms are difficult to interpret, especially in the screening context. The sensitivity of screening mammography is affected by image quality and the radiologist's level of expertise. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) technology can improve the performance of radiologists, by increasing sensitivity to rates comparable to those obtained by double reading, in a cost-effective manner. Current research is directed toward the development of digital imaging and image analysis systems that can detect mammographic features, classify them, and provide visual prompts to the radiologist.Radiologists would like the ability to change the contrast of a mammogram, either manually or with pre-selected settings. Computer techniques for detecting, classifying, and annotating diagnostic features on the images would be desirable. This paper presents an overview of digital image processing and pattern analysis techniques to address several areas in CAD of breast cancer, including: contrast enhancement, detection and analysis of calcifications, detection and analysis of masses and tumors, analysis of bilateral asymmetry, and detection of architectural distortion. Although a few commercial CAD systems have been released, the detection of subtle signs of breast cancer such as global bilateral asymmetry and focal architectural distortion remains a difficult problem. We present some of our recent works on the development of image processing and pattern analysis techniques for these applications.  相似文献   

7.
蛋白质组学在药学研究中的应用进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
张朝政  许健  于涟 《科技通报》2004,20(6):542-545
新药的研究与开发一直是现代生物高新技术应用的前沿领域．近十几年来，随着基冈组学、组合化学和高通量筛选等现代科技的发展，以药物发现为中心的药学研究不断取得新的突破．特别是蛋白质组学这门新学科的兴起及其在药学研究中的应用，大大加速和简化了新药开发的过程．本文主要就蛋白质组学的产生背景、相关概念、相关技术及其在药学研究中的应用作一简述．  相似文献   

8.
Cripto-1 (CR-1) is an oncofetal protein with its role as a key factor in early process of carcinoma has been evaluated in cases of various cancers. However, very few studies have reported its role in oral cancer, which is the sixth most common cancer around the world, particularly with high prevalence in developing countries. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most predominant (90%) of all the histological types of oral cancer. Late detection, associated with increased morbidity and mortality, is mainly attributed to non-availability of a suitable biomarker for the disease. In the present pilot study, we have evaluated the role of soluble CR-1, in serum as a potential tumor marker for OSCC. CR-1 was estimated using sandwich ELISA in serum samples of 50 biopsy proven OSCC patients (pre and post treatment) along with age and gender matched healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry was also done in corresponding tumor tissue sections to check the expression of CR-1. Pre-treatment CR-1 was found to be 2.25-fold higher in serum of OSCC patients as compared to control (p < 0.0001***), which was reduced to 1.6 folds post treatment (p = 0.0006***). CR-1 levels were comparatively higher in early stage of disease. Upon IHC 80% of the cases were found to be positive for CR-1. This study provides evidence that serum levels of CR-1 are elevated in patients of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, which decrease post treatment. Also, the association of expression of protein with tumor progression predicts CR-1 as a molecule that can be further evaluated as a potential tumor maker in OSCC.  相似文献   

9.
This study aimed to correlate the oxidative stress marker levels in saliva with the clinical stage based on mouth opening, fibrotic bands and histopathological grades of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) patients. The study included patients clinically diagnosed with OSF (n = 63) and equal number of age and gender matched controls. Patients with OSF were defined by mouth opening stage, fibrotic bands and histopathological grades. Unstimulated saliva from both control and OSF patients were analysed for oxidative markers like lipid peroxides (LPO), non-enzymic antioxidants [reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C] and enzymatic antioxidants [glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and correlated with different stages and grades. Total salivary protein and LPO were significantly increased in OSF group with no significant change in the levels of GSH compared to controls. In OSF patients, a significant decrease in the levels of vitamins A, C and E was observed. The activities of salivary SOD and GPx were significantly decreased in OSF patients compared to controls. These changes significantly correlated with the increasing and differing grades of OSF that reflects increased oxidative stress with the progress of OSF.  相似文献   

10.
Cardiac markers are used to evaluate functions of heart. However, there are no satisfactory cardiac biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) within 4 h of onset of chest pain. Among novel cardiac markers, glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) is of particular interest as it is increased in the early hours after AMI. The present study was conducted with the objective to find out the sensitivity and specificity of GPBB over other cardiac markers i.e. myoglobin and CKMB in patients of AMI within 4 h after the onset of chest pain. The study includes 100 AMI patients and 100 normal healthy individuals as controls. In all the cases and controls, serum GPBB and myoglobin concentrations were measured by ELISA where as CK-MB was measured by diagnostic kit supplied by ERBA. The sensitivity and specificity of glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) were greater than CK-MB and myoglobin in patients of AMI within 4 h after the onset of chest pain. Hence, glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) can be used as additional biomarker for the early diagnosis of AMI.  相似文献   

11.
Affinity reagents recognizing biomarkers specifically are essential components of clinical diagnostics and target therapeutics. However, conventional methods for screening of these reagents often have drawbacks such as large reagent consumption, the labor-intensive or time-consuming procedures, and the involvement of bulky or expensive equipment. Alternatively, microfluidic platforms could potentially automate the screening process within a shorter period of time and reduce reagent and sample consumption dramatically. It has been demonstrated recently that a subpopulation of tumor cells known as cancer stem cells possess high drug resistance and proliferation potential and are regarded as the main cause of metastasis. Therefore, a peptide that recognizes cancer stem cells and differentiates them from other cancer cells will be extremely useful in early diagnosis and target therapy. This study utilized M13 phage display technology to identify peptides that bind, respectively, to colon cancer cells and colon cancer stem cells using an integrated microfluidic system. In addition to positive selection, a negative selection process was integrated on the chip to achieve the selection of peptides of high affinity and specificity. We successfully screened three peptides specific to colon cancer cells and colon cancer stem cells, namely, HOLC-1, HOLC-2, and COLC-1, respectively, and their specificity was measured by the capture rate between target, control, and other cell lines. The capture rates are 43.40 ± 7.23%, 45.16 ± 7.12%, and 49.79 ± 5.34% for colon cancer cells and colon cancer stem cells, respectively, showing a higher specificity on target cells than on control and other cell lines. The developed technique may be promising for early diagnosis of cancer cells and target therapeutics.  相似文献   

12.
蛋白质组学研究进展与趋势   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18       下载免费PDF全文
介绍了蛋白质组学研究的意义、策略与范围 ,评述了蛋白质组学研究技术与发展趋势 ,并根据我国该领域的研究现状对其进一步发展提出了呼吁。  相似文献   

13.
The first trimester screening programme offers a noninvasive option for the early detection of aneuploidy pregnancies. This screening is done by a combination of two biochemical markers i.e. serum free β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (free β-hCG) and pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness at 11 + 0–13 + 6 weeks of gestation. A beneficial consequence of screening is the early diagnosis or trisomies 21, 18 and 13. At 11 + 0–13 + 6 weeks, the relative prevalence of trisomies 18 and 13 to trisomy 21 are found to be one to three and one to seven, respectively. All three trisomies are associated with increased maternal age, increased fetal NT and decreased PAPP-A, but in trisomy 21 serum free β-hCG is increased whereas in trisomies 18 and 13 free β-hCG is decreased.  相似文献   

14.
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases like diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) is growing worldwide. Both lead to nephropathy if not controlled effectively. Microalbuminuria (MAU) is recognized as an early predictor for nephropathy. Additionally, the timely detection of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is also considered to be an important prognostic factor for diabetic nephropathies. Hence, screening for the early detection of MAU and AGEs would be an useful and relatively inexpensive laboratory test for early clinical diagnosis for the incidence of nephropathy in these diseases. This study was conducted in DM, HTN and pregnancy induced hypertensive (PIH) subjects. MAU and Nε-Carboxymethyllysine (CML) levels were estimated by in-house RIA kits in the patient groups and controls, while the total AGEs level in serum was determined by ELISA. The levels of MAU, CML and AGE-BSA were observed to be significantly higher in DM, HTN and PIH subjects compared to controls (p < 0.001). Increased serum CML and AGEs levels in DM, HTN and PIH subjects indicated ongoing glycemic damage and their susceptibility to develop renal complications.  相似文献   

15.
The present study deals with the estimation of total carbohydrate, protein bound carbohydrate, bound fucose and sialic acid along with total protein in disease conditions like gingivitis, periodontitis and their comparison with the normals. The neutral hexose values in gingivitis (8.08±2.20mg/100mg protein) and periodontitis (12.5±2.16mg/ 100mg protein) decreased significantly when expressed per 100 mg protein compared to normals (19.8±1.89mg/100mg protein). This might be because of higher protein concentration in these two clinical conditions. The ethanol insoluble hexose values were significantly reduced in both these conditions compared to controls (3.71±1.64,5.91±1.63,7.65±0.86mg/100mg protein respectively). The ethanol soluble hexose values were also found to be drastically reduced. This decrease in saliva appears to be characteristic feature of oral diseases. In gingivitis and periodontitis fucose level was found to be increased compared to normals when expressed as a function of salivary volume. However in terms of protein concentration the values in gingivitis (2.95±1.59), periodontitis (3.26±0.98) and normals (3.20±0.50mg/100mg) were not different. Sialic acid in ethanol insoluble fraction of salivary samples mg/100mg protein was found to be significantly reduced in both gingivitis (0.78±0.33) and periodontitis (0.95±0.31) compared to controls (1.92±0.33)  相似文献   

16.
Pleural tuberculosis accounts for nearly 20% of Extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Adenosine deaminase, commonly used biomarker for the diagnosis, is non specific and there is paucity of literature on its correlation with conventional or newer methods for the diagnosis of extra pulmonary forms of TB. The aim of the study was to assess diagnostic potential of T cell function markers [interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL-2) and IFN-γ/IL-2 ratio]; macrophage activation marker [neopterin]; and oxidative stress markers [protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA)] in pleural tuberculosis. 26 pleural TB cases diagnosed on the basis of suggestive chest X-ray and raised serum ADA levels and healthy controls were included in the study. Pleural fluid specimens were subjected to Zeihl Neelsen staining and culture on Lowenstein Jensen medium. Serum IFN-γ, IL-2, neopterin and protein carbonyl levels detection were done by ELISA and MDA levels were determined by measuring the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Median serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IFN-γ/IL-2 ratio, neopterin, protein carbonyl and MDA were significantly different between cases and controls. Levels of all biomarkers except IL-2 were significantly higher in cases with contact history. Mean levels of ADA and ESR were 46.27 U/L and 46.62 mm/hr in PTB cases. AUC for IFN-γ, IL-2, IFN-γ/IL-2 ratio, neopterin, protein carbonyl and MDA were significantly discriminative for cases and controls. IFN-γ/IL-2 ratio was best discriminatory biomarker with highest area under ROC curve. Though no correlation was seen between ADA and any of the six biomarkers, ESR levels correlated significantly with all biomarkers except IL-2 by spearman’s correlation coefficient. Though all the circulating biomarkers under study provide useful supportive evidence for the diagnosis of PTB, further studies involving diverse control groups particularly non-PTB effusion are needed to validate these results.  相似文献   

17.
Women’s metabolism during pregnancy undergoes numerous changes that can lead to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The cause and pathogenesis of GDM, a heterogeneous disease, are not completely clear, but GDM is increasing in prevalence and is associated with the modern lifestyle. Most diagnoses of GDM are made via the guidelines from the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADSPG), which involve an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. Diagnosis in this stage of pregnancy can lead to short- and long-term implications for the mother and child. Therefore, there is an urgent need for earlier GDM markers in order to enable prevention and earlier treatment. Routine GDM biomarkers (plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and sex hormone-binding globulin) can differentiate between healthy pregnant women and those with GDM but are not suitable for early GDM diagnosis. In this article, we present an overview of the potential early biomarkers for GDM that have been investigated recently. We also present our view of future developments in the laboratory diagnosis of GDM.  相似文献   

18.
A number of epidemiologic studies has been published in recent years showing an increase risk of death from cancer in subjects with low plasma cholesterol levels. Although several authors proposed that hypocholesterolemia is predisposing factor for cancer development, no causative relation has been established so far and that it may be that low plasma cholesterol is secondary to malignant disease. Hence, the present study was undertaken to examine the lipid profile in children patients with leukemia and Hodgkin's disease in comparison with age matched controls. The study included 52 normal healthy controls and 105 patients with leukemia and Hodgkin's disease. Lipid profile included serum cholesterol, HDL & LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Serum cholesterol, HDL & LDL cholesterol were found to be inversely associated with incidence of cancer, whereas triglycerides were significantly elevated in cancer patients. The inverse association between cancer and serum cholesterol may reflect a physiological response to early undiagnosed stages of cancer.  相似文献   

19.

Introduction

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is significant problem in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) who undergo cardiac surgery. The economic impact of a biomarker-based diagnostic strategy for AKI in pediatric populations undergoing CHD surgery is unknown. The aim of this study was to perform the cost effectiveness analysis of using serum cystatin C (sCysC), urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) and urine liver fatty acid-binding protein (uL-FABP) for the diagnosis of AKI in children after cardiac surgery compared with current diagnostic method (monitoring of serum creatinine (sCr) level).

Materials and methods

We developed a decision analytical model to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness of different biomarker-based diagnostic strategies compared to current diagnostic strategy. The Markov model was created to compare the lifetime cost associated with using of sCysC, uNGAL, uL-FABP with monitoring of sCr level for the diagnosis of AKI. The utility measurement included in the analysis was quality-adjusted life years (QALY). The results of the analysis are presented as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

Results

Analysed biomarker-based diagnostic strategies for AKI were cost-effective compared to current diagnostic method. However, uNGAL and sCys C strategies yielded higher costs and lower effectiveness compared to uL-FABP strategy. uL-FABP added 1.43 QALY compared to current diagnostic method at an additional cost of $8521.87 per patient. Therefore, ICER for uL-FABP compared to sCr was $5959.35/QALY.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the use of uL-FABP would represent cost effective strategy for early diagnosis of AKI in children after cardiac surgery.Key words: acute kidney injury, cardiac surgery, children, biomarkers, cost effectiveness analysis  相似文献   

20.
To examine the possible involvement of human B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), CD4+ cells, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), as biomarkers in early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), activities of these biomarkers in serum were demonstrated by the method of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay. Two groups of subjects (60 for each), were examined in this study; healthy controls and patients with HCC. The present results declare that, significant decrease in Bcl-2 (p ≤ 0.0001), and CD 4+ (p ≤ 0.001), while significant increase in HGF and MMP-9 (p ≤ 0.05). These findings imply an influence of these biomarkers by the existence of hepatic carcinoma that might reflect the progression of disease and a distinction between the pathological mechanisms involved in hepatic carcinoma. Since, the serum MMP-9 activity was significantly varied between each stage of HCC. An individual profile of the present investigated parameters was detected that might serve as an easy accessing serum marker to monitor the progression of hepatic cell disorders.  相似文献   

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