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本文根据化学成分资料，探讨了百合科贝母属在植物化学分类上的指征，指出5α-cevanine类
异甾体生物碱为该属植物的特征性成分(Characteristic constituents)；从其生源上看，结构中的C13
与C17位应是其生物合成中氮源骈合的结合部位，即可产生C13、C17上双氢反式(如浙贝甲素
verticine、浙贝乙素verticinone)和顺式(如炉贝甲素delavine、松贝甲素songbeinine)两大类型的生
物碱。同时，作者分析了特征性成分在中国分布区内本属植物主要种中的存在状态，结果提示：其存在形式与其相应植物的形态、地理分布有—定的相关性，值得进—步加以深入研究。 相似文献
3.
金丝桃属植物叶中分泌结构的比较解剖学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用整体透明法、石蜡制片法和半薄切片法，对金丝桃属9组43种l亚种1变种的植物叶分泌
结构的类型、形态、结构和分布进行了比较研究。结果表明，分泌结构是金丝桃属植物叶片普遍的结构特征，根据其分泌结构的特征，可划分为分泌细胞团、分泌囊(道)和韧皮部中分泌小管道等3种分泌结构。其中，分泌细胞团按其在叶片的分布可分为叶缘型和散生型；分泌囊按其在叶横切面中的位置可分为栅栏组织型、海绵组织型、居中型(位于栅栏组织型与海绵组织型之间)和横跨叶肉组织型。根据分泌囊和分泌细胞团在该属植物叶中的分布可划分为3种类型：(1)只有分泌囊的类型；(2)只有分泌细胞团的类型；(3)具分泌囊和分泌细胞团的类型。两种主要分泌结构的类型、分布密度、分布位置及其形态等方面在组间和种间均存在—定的差异，对金丝桃属属以下等级的区分具有一定意义。在此基础上，对该属分泌结构的形态演化以及金丝桃属各组间的亲缘关系进行了探讨。 相似文献
4.
本文对中国乌头属Aconitum三亚属53种及变种的药用植物进行了比较解剖学的研究。纳出该属植物根部组织构造的6大类型和18种亚型，找出了鉴定乌头类药材的解剖学特征。并结合植物分类学。化学分类学、细胞染色体和毒性，探讨了该属组织构造与植物系统演化之间的相关性。结果表明根部具有较进化的I型和II型构造的植物，含毒性很大的双酯型生物碱，主要存在于乌头亚属乌头组3，5-11系中；较原始的Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型及少数小根类Ⅱ型构造的植物，含毒性较小的阿替生和胺醇类生物碱，主要存在于露蕊乌头亚属和乌头亚属乌头组1—2系；更原始的V型和Ⅵ型构造的植物，含毒性更小的牛扁碱型生物碱，主要存在于牛扁亚属中。本文还从解剖学的角度对乌头属下等级的系统位置作了讨沦。 相似文献
6.
中国唐松草属植物的化学系统学初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文根据唐松草植物所含化学成分并结合其外部形态及地理分布对属内各群的亲缘关系进行了
探讨。结果表明：(1)从化学系统学角度看，中国植物志中所安排的属内各组植物间的关系是适宜的。(2)植物中所含生物碱的种类及含量与植物的进化有一定关系。在较原始的组中，成分的类型和含量相对较少；而在较进化的组中，各种结构类型得到较大发展。(3)唐松草属在毛茛科中有较特殊的地位。在科内，它是联系蓇葖果和瘦果植物群的过渡类群；在科外，它使毛茛科与小檗科、防己科和罂粟科发生联系，使其成为一个自然的分类群。 相似文献
7.
地处澜沧江下游热带北缘与南亚热带过渡带的糯扎渡自然保护区,是中国南亚热带森林生态系统类型的自然保护区。本文以糯扎渡自然保护区主要森林类型为研究对象,利用相关分析和典范对应分析（CCA）研究了地形和乔木结构对该区域林下不同生长型地表植物生长与分布格局的影响。结果表明：地形和乔木结构对热带北缘与南亚热带过渡区林下3种生长型地表植物（灌木、层间植物和草本）的生长和分布格局的影响显著,其中地形和乔木结构对灌木生长的作用大于草本,除坡度和乔木密度外,其余指标对灌木盖度或灌木高度的影响达显著水平。地形和乔木结构对林下不同生长型植被种类组成和结构的影响是不同的,按影响程度大小,影响灌木层种类组成和结构的主要因素依次为胸高断面积、树高、乔木种数和香浓维纳指数,对于层间植物,则依次为胸高断面积、树高、海拔、乔木种数和乔木盖度,对于草本层,则依次为胸高断面积、乔木种数、坡向和树高。就整体而言,乔木结构对林下植被结构和种类的影响大于与地形因子,地形因子中,仅海拔和坡向分别对林下层间植物和草本分布的影响显著,说明乔木结构是小尺度研究中影响林下水热条件的主要因子,但海拔和坡向对它们也有较大的影响。 相似文献
8.
本文利用湖北樟属植物13号精油的气相色谱／质谱／电子计算机联用分析的结果，从
已鉴定出的108个化学成分中，筛选出30个主要成分，综合各种植物的17个主要形态特征，进行数量分类研究。数学分析结果揭示了樟属各种性状变化的规律性，尤其是形态特征
与化学成分之间的相关性。乙酸龙脑酯、反式-甲基异丁香酚和芳樟醇等重要香精原料的含
量，与某些形态特征的变化密切相关，罗勒烯可能是樟属分组的特征性成分。本文还在聚类
分析的基础上，进一步探讨了分类群的划分，并根据精油成分在不同种和同种不同类型中的
分布及含量，参照各分类群之间的相关系数，对其演化关系作出了推论。湖北樟属植物可能起源于我国西南的黄樟樟脑型，而芳樟和黄樟芳樟醇型则是最进化的类群。 相似文献
9.
延胡索碱的药理学研究概况 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
本文就延胡索碱及其结构人工合成品；乙素（THP）、T-澳化乙氧苯四氢巴马汀（EBP）、四氢小檗碱、苄基四氢巴马汀（BTHP）、千金藤定（SPD）等生物碱对镇痛、平滑肌、内分泌系统、心血管系统的药理作用作了概述。 相似文献
10.
植物的光合作用日进程类型,因植物种类和生态环境不同而异。据其光合速率的峰谷变化,可归纳为单峰型、叙峰型、多峰型(即波动型)和平坦型四类。单峰型因高峰值出现的时间不同,又可分为中午高峰型(即正规曲线型)、午前高峰型和午后高峰型。通过对光合作用日进程的分析,能够探明牧草在一日之中光合生产力的动态特征及其与环境的关系,从而 相似文献
11.
国产乌头属的化学分类 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据二萜生物碱的类型、生物合成、在乌头属植物中的分布，并参照国产乌头属的系统分类、形态演化和地理分布，本文讨论国产乌头属的化学分类。 1．以牛扁碱型成分为主的牛扁亚属和以乌头碱型成分为主的乌头亚属可能在乌头属进化的初期阶段就已分化，各自沿着独立的道路发展。2．乌头亚属包括以下类群：(1)以阿替生型、维特钦型、乌头碱型胺酵和 酯碱为主的保山乌头系，主要分布于国产乌头属近代发展分化中心之一的横断山脉和金沙江流域，可能国产乌头组的近代分化就是由该系发展而来; (2)以乌头碱、中乌头碱、下乌头碱为主的乌头系，为进化程度较高的群，所含乌头碱及尼奥灵显示了该系与保山乌头系的亲缘关系; (3)以乌头碱和松果灵为主的准噶尔乌头系，所含乌头碱和松果灵显示了该系与保山乌头系的亲缘关系; (4)以滇乌碱类酯碱为主的显柱乌头系和蔓乌头系，为进化程度较高的群，其酯碱有别于乌头碱类。3．以阿替生及C19内酯型为主的甘青乌头系及圆叶乌头系，可能为进化早期形成的高山特化类群。4. 以阿替生和C19乌头碱型胺醇为主的露蕊乌头亚属，可能为特化类群。 相似文献
12.
近年来,植物比较形态学、化学分类学、古植物学、分支系统学和分子系统学研究的结果,对传统
上将被子植物分为单子叶和双子叶植物两大群的一级分类提出了挑战,怀疑这样的分类是否能反映被
子植物内部的主要进化趋势。我们认为分类必须建立在谱系关系上,以表示其自然系统。在早白垩世
结束之前,其中有一次被子植物大辐射,有8条主传代线似已明显出现。根据林奈阶层系统,我们以
“纲”级来命名这些传代线以显示被子植物内部的主要进化趋向,虽然某些“纲”是并系类群。我们不否
认,我们是进化系统学家,并系类群可以作为一个自然类群来命名而被接受。这8个纲列述如下:木兰
纲、樟纲、胡椒纲、石竹纲、百合纲、毛茛纲、金缕梅纲、蔷薇纲。在本文中,每个纲只举其所包含的主要的科,至于纲间的系统关系,以及纲内的分类系统,有待进一步研究 。 相似文献
13.
The Xizang (Tibetan) flora with numerous endemics is of importance in Chi-
nese flora. According to recent statistics there are in Xizang 27 genera of spermatophytes
endemic to China, being only 2.25% percent of the total number of genera in the Xizang flora.
Four of them are regarded as palaeoendemics (14.81%) and the others as neoendemics (85.19%).
These endemic genera, of 30 species and 3 varieties, belong to 17 families, of which, Umbelli-
ferae contains 6 genera, 7 species and 3 varieties; Compositae has 6 genera and 7 species, and
Gentianaceae 1 genus and 2 species. All the other families each comprises one genus with a
single species.
The cosmopolitan families together comprising 14 genera with 15 species have the highest
perecentage (52.92%) and the tropical ones (5 families, 5 genera with 5 species) come to the next
(29.42%), followed by the temperate ones (3 families, 10 genera with 10 species) (17.66%). It
shows that these endemic genera are obviously related to the tropical flora and temperate one
in essence.
According to the number of species, the genera endemic to China and occurring in Xi-
zang flora may be grouped as fallows.
Monotypic endemic ones 14 (51.85%)
Ditypic endemic ones 6 (22.22%)
Oligotypic endemic ones 4 (14.81%)
Small endemic ones 3 (11.11%)
The formation of the endemic genera is correlated with the topography, climate and en-
vironmental conditions, and they may have resulted from the diversification in geography and
climatic influence for a long time. The southeastern part of Xizang Plateau is of very diverse
ecological conditions, with the adequate precipitation, which may explain the concentration of
these endemic genera in this region.
The largest similarity coefficient (38.30%) of the genera endemic to China and occurring
in Xizang is with those in Qinghai Plateau, next, with those in Yunnan and in Sichuan pro-
vinces (both 27.60%), which shows that these endemic genera are related to the floras of the
regions mentioned above.
The difference in the horizontal distribution of these endemic genera is obviously between
the southern and northern parts of Xizang Plateau. The vertical distribution of the genera is
also rather obvious, from 800 m to 5200 m above sea level, but concentrated in the zone of 3000
m to 4500 mm. Therefore their occurrence in Xizang is not only affected by the historical
environmental conditions but also controlled by the horizontal and vertical distribution.
The origin and evolution of some endemic genera, such as Psammosilene, Parateropyrum,
Sphaerotylos, Salweenia, Ajaniopsis, Xizangia, Sinoleontopodium, are discussed in this paper.
Parateropyrum, a monotypic palaeotropic endemic, belongs to the tribe Atraphaxideae in-
cluding Atraphaxis, Calligonum and Pteropyrum. It may be a comparatively advanced group
in the tribe, and is closely related to the genus Pteropyrum which is distributed in western
Asia. The genus Parapteropyrum has possibly survived as a palaetropic-tertiary relic in this
region.
Sphaerotylos, a member of the subtribe Sphaerotylinae, the tribe Boehmerieae in the family
Urticaceae, is a comparatively primitive genus in the tribe Boehmerieae so far known. As the
other subtribes, such as Boehmerinae, Sarconchlamydinae, Orecnidinae and Maoutinae, are dis-
tributed in the tropics, rarely in the subtropics, the genus is no doubt a palaetropic -tertiary
relic.
Sinoleontopodium, belonging to the tribe lnuleae in Compositae, is also related to the ge-
nus Leontopodium. It is probable that the genus Sinoleontopodium arised later than the other.
We come to the conclusion that the southern part of Xizang Plateau is also one of thecentres of the origin and differentiation of genera endemic to China. 相似文献
14.
在扫描电镜下系统研究了木兰科10属52种成熟种子内种皮合点区形态。该形态分为孔型和管型两大类。孔型为内种皮合点区具一小穿孔。木莲属Manglietia、香木兰属Aromadendron、盖裂木属Talauma(8种)、南洋含笑属Elmerrillia和鹅掌楸属Liriodendron具此类型。管型由内种皮合点区向下凹陷形成的小窝和由窝底向外伸出的小管组成。华盖木属Manglietiastrum、盖裂木属Talauma(3种)、长蕊木兰属Alcimandra、含笑属Michelia、合果木属Paramichelia和观光木属Tsoongiodendron具此类型。在木兰属部分种中还观察到两种形态之间的过渡类型。上述形态特征在属内稳定并为木兰科植物所特有，而且明显表现出原始类群的合点区形态大多为孔型，进化类群的合点区形态大多为管型的特点。 相似文献
15.
通过对单子叶植物和毛茛科以及”睡莲目”植物中生物碱、甾体化合物、三萜化合物、氰甙
和脂肪酸等五类化学成份的比较分析，作者认为毛茛科与百合目有着密切的亲缘关系，因而支
持单子叶植物毛茛—百合起源的主张，不赞同苏联学者Takhtajan关于单子叶植物莼菜—泽泻起源的观点。 相似文献
16.
裸子植物次生木质部的进化趋势 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
喻诚鸿 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1981,19(2):179-185
根据化石的和现代的有关裸子植物次生木质部的解剖资料，对这一类群植
物次生木质部各种解剖成分的进化趋势进行了分析，提出了它们各自的进化途径。 相似文献
17.
中国樟科植物的地理分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李锡文 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1979,17(3):24-40
From the study of the geographical distribution of Chinese lauraceous genera and
species, we may concludely obtained some results as follows:
1) Lauraceous family is a pantropical one in distribution, sometimes it may be
reached to the subtropical or temperate zone. There are 18 genera in China natively.
Among them 17 genera are of the tropical distribution-pattern. The tropical Asia dis-
tribution-pattern, i.e. Indo-malaysian distribution-pattern, is the nucleus of Chinese
lauraceous flora. Only 1 genus is of temperate distribution-pattern, i.e. the East Asia-
North America distribution-pattern. From the analysis of the primitive forms and the
concentration of species in these genera, we may regard that: a) All genera of the
tropical distribution-pattern were originated at Gondwana in the past period. South-
western and Southern China may be the birth-land of some genera of tropical distribu-
tion-pattern because it was the northern boundary of Gondwana in the past period.
b) The genus of temperate distribution-pattern may be originated in the montane
region of Western or South-western China.
2) Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Sichuan are the provinces having laura-
ceous species in abundance. But the provinces having lauraceous endemic species in
abundance are Yunnan, Guangdong, Taiwan,, Guangxi and Sichuan. In general Chinese
lauraceous plants are distributed mainly in south-western and southern parts of China.
The southeastern and southern parts of province Yunnan are of great abundance in
lauraceous species or endemic species. The species amount of lauraceous species in
these two parts of Yunnan is 67.3% of the total species amount of the lauraceous
flora in that province. It may be explained by the fact that a) where it is of existence
of primary forest, b)of great specific endemism in the rocky region and c) the
passway in migration of lauraceous plant from east to west or reverse.
3) The great similarity of lauraceous flora between Yunnan (especially its
western or north-western part) and Xizang (especially its southern or south-eastern
part), as well as between Guangdong and Guangxi, may be exhibited by the background
in perfect harmony of each own flora with environment in the past period. The en-
demism of lauraceous flora in Taiwan and Hainan is manifest from the standpoint of
island's isolation. But the latter is of a more manifest one, because it is situated at
the southern latitude and is more adaptive to the development of lauraceous plant.
4) The deciduous species of lauraceous plant which are the principal elements
in the flora of subtropical or temperate zone, are mainly of inland distribution-pattern.
Their geographical distribution are more concentrated at the montane region of
Western or South-western China. Where it may be the birth-land of the subtropical
or temperate lauraceous species, or even of the whole temperate flora.
相似文献
18.
罂粟科白屈菜族的化学分类及资源利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The tribe Chelidonieae of Papaveraceae, consists of 8 genera and 23 species in the world. Most species belonging to this taxon contain dominantly biologically active substances and are widely used as medicinal plants.
A chemotaxonomic study in this tribe reveals that Chelidonieae is linked to the other tribes in the presence of protopine-type alkaloids, and the ubiquitous occurrence of dehydrogenated benzophenanthridine-type alkaloids (ex. chelerythrine and sanguinarine) can be served as a chemical character of Chelidonieae. Furthermore, our results indicate that Chelidonieae can obviously be divided into two groups:the first group, including genera Sanguinaria, Eomecon, Macleaya and Bocconia, is characterized by the absence of TLC detected aporphine-, tetrahydroberberine- and reduced benzophenanthridi netype alkaloids, and their undulatedly or palmately incised leaves, as well as short capsules. The second group, comprising Stylophorum, Hylomecon, Dicranostigma and Chelidonium, yields predominately tetrahydroberberine- and reduced benzophenanthridinetype alkaloids, with usually deeply pinnatifid leaves, and long and slender capsules.
As regards the medical importance and the resource utilization of Chelidonieae much attention should be paid to the following alkaloids and the taxa: chelidonine (Chelidonium majus ) , isocorydine ( Dicranostigma ) , tetrahydrocoptisine ( Stylophorum ) , chelerythrine (whole tribe particularly the genus Macleaya) and sanguinarine (whole tribe, particularly Macleaya). 相似文献