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1.
体力活动和静坐行为是影响儿童早期体质健康的重要因素。本研究以152名学前儿童为被试,使用三轴加速度计测量体力活动和静坐行为,使用儿童型人体成分分析仪测量身体成分,使用《国民体质测定标准(幼儿部分)》测评身体素质,使用相关分析、多元回归分析和等时替代回归分析对它们之间的关系进行探究,结果发现在控制了性别、年龄、城乡、佩戴时间和静坐行为等因素后,中高强度体力活动尤其是高强度体力活动对去脂体重指数和身体素质(十米折返跑、立定跳远、双脚连续跳、走平衡木)依然具有显著影响;高强度体力活动替代其他强度体力活动或不同强度体力活动替代静坐行为后,去脂体重指数均有所提升;身体素质变化仅在高强度体力活动替代其他强度体力活动和静坐行为时具有方向一致性和显著性。家长和教师应充分重视中高强度体力活动尤其是高强度体力活动与学前儿童体质健康的紧密联系,促进学前儿童静坐行为和低强度体力活动向中高强度体力活动适度转化,以提升学前儿童下肢肌肉力量素质和灵敏素质等方面的体质健康水平。 相似文献
2.
Danielle D. Wadsworth Leah E. Robinson Karen Beckham Kip Webster 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2012,39(6):391-395
Engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is essential to lifelong health and wellness. Physical activity behaviors
established in early childhood relate to physical activity behaviors in later years. However, research has shown that children
are adopting more sedentary behaviors. Incorporating structured and planned physical activity breaks into classroom transition
times is an inexpensive and effective technique to increase children’s physical activity during school hours. However, this
approach has not been studied in preschool settings. The purpose of this paper is to provide a simple, cost-effective method
that incorporates structured physical activity into the preschool curriculum through classroom based physical activity breaks.
Results of a case study along with an overview of the implementation of physical activity breaks are discussed. 相似文献
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Hayley C. Russell Jill Tracey Diane M. Wiese-Bjornstal Evan Canzi 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2018,70(3):304-320
Although competitive athletes exceed recommendations for physical activity while they are competing in sport, this does not necessarily translate into regular physical activity after retirement from sport. Research suggested the nature of competitive sport participation may not be conducive to lifelong physical activity. We propose one element of competitive sport participation that may impede physical activity post-retirement is injury. We propose that Vela and Denegar’s model of transient disablement in the physically active with musculoskeletal injuries (DPA) may be appropriate to examine the long-term consequences of sport-related injury—particularly with respect to physical activity disablement. Based on our review of literature, we propose the physical and psychological effects of injuries in sports present unique long-term barriers to physical activity in former competitive athletes. Future research could use the DPA as a foundation for assessing the long-term implications of sport-related injuries—particularly with respect to physical activity. 相似文献
5.
This systematic review presents research on the physical activity levels of preschool-aged children (aged 2–6 years). Thirty-nine primary studies (published 1986–2007) representing a total of 10,316 participants (5236 male and 5080 female), from seven countries are described and the physical activity behaviors of this population are considered in accordance with the National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) physical activity guidelines for preschoolers. Upon review of the evidence, it is apparent that nearly half of preschool-aged children do not engage in sufficient physical activity. Current recommendations suggest a minimum of 60 min of physical activity per day; only 54% of participants throughout the studies achieved this. Furthermore, as with other age groups, boys participate in considerably more physical activity than girls. It is clear from this systematic review that nearly half of children studied are not meeting the recommended guidelines for physical activity. Therefore, effective interventions that promote and foster physical activity in children are necessary, especially in females. However, a more objective physical activity guideline for preschoolers is necessary; measurement of activity needs to become more unified to compare and track activity more effectively. 相似文献
6.
试探老年运动健身的特点及对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陈一曦 《福建师大福清分校学报》2002,(2):98-101
老年人运动健身，是全民健身活动中最活跃的一个群体，也是当前群众体育活动中的热点，通过运动健身活动促进老年人祛病强身，延身益寿，身心健康已被广大老年人所共识，并积极地参与。在健身活动中老年人如何选择符合自身的体质状况，兴趣爱好，性格特点，财围环境等诸因素，科学合理地安排运动健身活动的内容与方法，就显得越来越重要，现代医学研究表明，生命在于运动，运动要讲科学，科学的运动方法才能有益于健康长寿。因此，老年人在运动健身活动中要科学地把握好几个关系。 相似文献
7.
ABSTRACTThe introduction of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health has placed emphasis on framing health behavior as a multidimensional construct. In relation to childhood physical activity, this encompasses dimensions of functional performance, activity attendance, and subjective perceptions of involvement and enjoyment within activity settings. Current literature, however, primarily investigates physical activity in terms of performance and activity levels. The resulting misalignment of theory and measurement practice challenges the development of a comprehensive understanding of childhood physical activity behavior. For children with disabilities, who may have nuanced experiences in activity, there may be greater necessity to examine additional dimensions of physical activity (e.g., participation). In an effort to support meaningful interpretations of physical activity behavior measures among children with disabilities, the purposes of this article are to (a) conceptualize childhood physical activity within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and (b) provide guidance on aligning measurement tools with physical activity dimensions. 相似文献
8.
Jane Lanigan 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2014,42(1):11-18
Many preschool children fail to achieve the National Association for Sport and Physical Education physical activity recommendations placing themselves at increased risk of overweight and its associated health consequences. The early learning and care system is well positioned to intervene. Yet few child obesity prevention efforts have focused on systematically integrating physical activity into early learning and care. A pre/post design examined the association between changes in physical activity practices and providers’ beliefs regarding their role in supporting children’s physical activity. Survey and observational data from 43 sites participating in the Encouraging Healthy Activity and Nutrition in Child Care Environments pilot project were analyzed. Statistically significant increases were found in providers’ perceptions of role salience and the need for adult leadership to increase children’s physical activity. Significant improvements in indoor child care physical activity practices, physical education, and family communication occurred. A binary logistic regression indicated that changes in adult leadership and role salience were significantly associated with changes in physical activity practices. Understanding and modifying child care providers’ beliefs regarding their role in children’s physical activity is a critical component for the successful implementation of obesity prevention initiatives designed to increase child activity levels. 相似文献
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Thomas L. McKenzie 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(3):326-334
The sharp decline in physical activity during adolescence is a national concem. However. few studies of adherence to exercise and physical activity have heen conducted with youths. This paper focuses on ecological approaches for promoting physical activily in middle schools. Baseline data collected in physical education classes. leisure time settings, and suuctured extracurricular programs during the four-year Middle School Physical Activity and Nutrition (M-SPAN) project are reviewed. Refocusing physical education goals, promoting gender equity in physical activity opportunities. and linking schools with conimunity agencies are recommended as means for promoting physical activity among adolescents. 相似文献
10.
为了解安徽省大学生体质健康现状以及体力活动特点,探询不同体力活动水平对大学生体质的影响,本研究采用实验法、问卷法、数理统计法对我省大学生体质现状、体力活动特点以及它们的相互关系进行了统计分析。结果表明:安徽省大学生体质状况总体良好;课余时间体力活动偏少,每天静坐时间较长;每周规律地参加大中强度体力活动可以有效提高大学生体质健康水平,并能弥补由于静坐时间较长对健康产生的不利影响。 相似文献
11.
陈浩东 《延安教育学院学报》2011,25(6):100-102
如何培养学生养成体育锻炼习惯,是学校体育教学工作的重点之一。影响学生体育锻炼习惯养成的因素有很多。通过对这些影响因素的分析,从中寻找一些解决方案,目的是促使学校进一步改进体育工作思路,帮助学生养成体育锻炼的习惯。 相似文献
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Robert M. Malina 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(3):346-355
This paper considers the tracking of physical activity during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood in the context of issues relaled to adherence. Based upon two comprehensive literature reviewers and allowing ihr differences in measures of physical activity, the available data are generally consistent in showing moderate tracking of physical activity during childhood and adolescence and more variable but lower levels of tracking across longer intervals within adolescence and horn adolescence into young adulthood. Data relating childhood and adolescent activity to activity at older apes in adulthood are not extensive but suggest a relatively weak association. Factors that influence physical activity are many, and studies of tracking do not include these correlates or covariates. Adherence to a program of physical activity on a regular basis is viewed as important for the health of individuals and the population. Adherence research tends to focus on the adoption of physical activity, the maintenance of regular activity, and barriers to activity or an active lifestyle. This research is based almost exclusively on adults given the association between physical in activity, i.e., a sedentary lifestyle. on the risk of morbidity and mortality from several diseases, and the beneficial effects of a lifestyle of regular physical activity on the efficient function of various bodily systenls. weiaht maintenance, reduced risk of several degenerative diseases. reduced risk of mortality, and overall improvement of quality of life (Bouchard, Shephard & Stephens. 1994). 相似文献
13.
《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2012,64(4):375-386
ABSTRACTThere is ample evidence that regular physical activity can prevent or delay a large number of chronic health conditions in humans, and the evolutionary theory of the health benefits of physical activity may provide insight into this phenomenon. Because the physical activity of tracking/hunting game and constantly searching for other food, water, and resources was necessary for the survival of our Paleolithic (hunter-gatherer) ancestors, evolutionary selective pressure ensured the propagation of genes that optimally supported acute and repeated bouts of physical activity. In contrast, genes that did not optimally respond to physical activity were lost to natural selection over millions of years. The Neolithic (agrarian) descendants of the hunter-gatherers also led lives of high physical exertion, to which their inherited genes (programmed to expect physical activity) responded in a healthy fashion. Unfortunately, modern sedentary behavior promotes the unhealthy expression of physical activity-responsive genes, thus precipitating chronic disease and premature mortality. As the modern-day chronic disease epidemic expands seemingly unchecked, it is increasingly important to reintroduce widespread physical activity to a species genetically pre-programmed to thrive on it, thus fitting into our genes. 相似文献
14.
Erin A. Siebert Jessica Hamm Joonkoo Yun 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2017,64(4):378-390
The purpose of this study was to identify parental influences on physical activity behaviours of children with disabilities. One hundred and forty-eight parents of children with disabilities responded to a survey about factors related to parent and child physical activity, parental support and belief in their child’s abilities regarding physical activity. The results of multiple regression revealed that parents’ perceived competence of their child’s physical ability and parental support were the key factors of promoting physical activity behaviours of children with disabilities. Findings from this study should be utilised to inform parents on the ways that they can be most helpful for improving the physical activity experiences of their children. 相似文献
15.
David F. Stodden Jacqueline D. Goodway Stephen J. Langendorfer Mary Ann Roberton Mary E. Rudisill Clersida Garcia 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(2):290-306
Although significant attention has been paid to promoting the importance of physical activity in children, adolescents, and adults, we do not currently understand how to promote sustained physical activity levels throughout the lifespan. We contend that previous research has failed to consider the dynamic and synergistic role that motor skill competence plays in the initiation, maintenance, or decline of physical activity and how this role might change across developmental time. In this article, we present a conceptual model hypothesizing the relationships among physical activity, motor skill competence, perceived motor skill competence, health-related physical fitness, and obesity. We contend that the development of motor skill competence is a primary underlying mechanism that promotes engagement in physical activity. 相似文献
16.
David González-Cutre Roberto Ferriz Vicente J. Beltrán-Carrillo José A. Andrés-Fabra Carlos Montero-Carretero Eduardo Cervelló 《教育心理学》2014,34(3):367-384
The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of a school-based intervention to promote physical activity, utilising the postulates of the trans-contextual model of motivation. The study examined two separate classes of elementary school students (mean age 11.28?years), one of which served as the control group (n?=?26) and the other as the experimental group (n?=?21). The intervention in the experimental group consisted of showing videos related to physical activity participation, conducting discussions and doing tasks related to the content presented in the videos and conducting family discussions. Autonomy support from teachers, peers and parents; motivation in physical education and leisure time physical activity; the different variables of theory of planned behaviour; and physical activity, were measured before and after the intervention. Results showed an increase in teacher autonomy support, identified regulation in physical education, autonomy support from parents and peers, integrated and identified regulation in leisure time physical activity, control, subjective norm, intention and physical activity in the experimental group. Furthermore, this increase resulted in post-intervention differences across groups in such variables. Results are discussed in relation to the important role of families in the promotion of physical activity participation. 相似文献
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Imran Naeem Abbasi 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(4):448-467
Females might be more affected by sociocultural barriers to physical activity because of their gender roles. This review was conducted to examine the available evidence on socioculture barriers to attaining recommended levels of physical activity among females. After thorough review, 34 articles were selected. Childcare, household work, cultural beliefs, social isolation, and unsafe neighborhood environment were leading sociocultural barriers preventing females from attaining recommended levels of physical activity. Lack of social support from family, living in extended families, living in rural areas, absence of culturally appropriate facilities, and, in some countries, past experiences of war were the main barriers. Observations of people in the family and in neighborhood performing physical activity were positively associated with physical activity. Females are a disadvantaged group that lacks social support and have poor control over decisions related to their health. Sociocultural factors act as the main barriers to recommended levels of physical activity. 相似文献
19.
ABSTRACTIn this article, we reflect on the contributions of the social sciences to the field of adapted physical activity by examining the theories and methods that have been adopted from the social science disciplines. To broaden our perspective on adapted physical activity and provide new avenues for theoretical and empirical exploration, we discuss and evaluate broad ideas/tensions arising from the social science literature—the individual versus social/ecological, and social science of adapted physical activity versus social science in adapted physical activity. We intentionally focus discussion on the application of specific lines of inquiry in the social sciences that have not yet emerged (or have done so only in limited applications) in the field of adapted physical activity. Such untapped areas of scholarship in the social sciences can lead to broader understanding, innovations, and new lines of inquiry when applied to an adapted physical activity context. 相似文献
20.
Essiet Inimfon Aniema Salmon Jo Lander Natalie J. Duncan Michael J. Eyre Emma L. J. Barnett Lisa M. 《Prospects》2021,50(1-2):69-86
PROSPECTS - Physical literacy serves as the foundation for several skills or attributes needed for lifelong physical activity participation. Based on its connection to physical activity, physical... 相似文献