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1.
《Journal of Informetrics》2020,14(4):101072
This work analyzes the variation over time of the effect of geographic distance on knowledge flows. The flows are measured through the citations exchanged between scientific publications, including and excluding self-citations. To calculate geographic distances between citing and cited publication, each publication is associated with a “prevailing” territory, according to the authors’ affiliations. We then apply a gravity model to account for the research size of the territories, in terms of cognitive proximity of citing-cited publications. The field of observation is the 2010–2017 world publications citing the 2010–2012 Italian publications, as indexed in the Web of Science. The results show that in domestic knowledge flows, geographic proximity remains an influential factor through time, although with differences among disciplines and trends of attenuating effects. Finally, we replicate the analyses of knowledge flows but with the exclusion of self-citations: in this manner the effect of geographic proximity seems reduced, particularly at the national scale, but the differences (with vs without self-citations) lessen through time. As shown in previous works, the effect of distance on continental flows is modest (imperceptible for intercontinental flows), yet here too time has some influence, including concerning exclusion of self-citations. 相似文献
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从科研合作角度出发,学科知识流动是指科研学者在共同的科研过程中,将相同或不同的学科知识融合、最终产生新知识的过程。基于这一理论,运用科学计量学的方法,设定恰当的计量指标,以药物化学学科为例,以独著论文中的学科知识流动表现为基础,对比分析科研合作视角下的学科知识在学科内与学科外的流动表现及其变化。最后对中国、美国、日本3个国家在此领域中表现出来的学科知识流动差异进行分析,展示各个国家药物化学领域的学科知识流向及其研究动态变化。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 在科研过程中,知识流动的内容是多样的,而学科知识流动是其中一个重要的研究方面。从区别于基于引文的学科知识流动分析角度,从科研合作角度出发,期望从合著论文中分析出因科研合作过程而产生的学科知识流动特征。[方法/过程] 基于合著论文的参考文献的学科分布确定此论文的多学科共现属性,并根据此属性构建合著论文的多学科共现网络,即基于合著论文的学科流动网络。通过网络的整体特征和网络的节点特征两个方面对合著论文的学科流动网络进行特征分析。其中,网络整体特征包括学科流动的广泛性、学科流动的有效性、学科流动的新颖度、学科流动的流通度;网络节点(即学科节点)特征包括学科流动的核心性、学科流动的连续性、学科流动的一致性、学科流动的差异性。[结果/结论] 以"药物化学"学科为例,通过前后5年各个指标的数据对比,得出在科研合作中"药物化学"学科与其他学科之间的流动趋势是逐渐增加的,其流动的质量也是不断提升的,学科间的交流在不断地加深。同时,中美日3个国家在此学科的不同时间段均具有各自不同的表现。运用基于合著论文的学科知识流动网络分析方法能够反映科研合作中"药物化学"学科知识流动的情况,但是需要研究论证此方法在其他学科的应用程度。 相似文献
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Specialist publications are an important part of professional and disciplinary development. They serve to communicate research; enable the development of a shared, contestable, and expanding knowledge base; support the educational programmes that advance the profession; grow practice; and inform the evolution of the discipline. In conservation, professional and peer-reviewed journals and other forms of publications support cultural, organisational, and scientific development; facilitate new and improved forms of conservation professional practice; enable the growth of a distinctive research-led discipline; and help conservation to more effectively compete with other disciplines for influence and funding. This paper reports on the findings of a study that investigated conservators’ opinions and experiences of peer-reviewed publishing. This study examined the value conservators place on the dissemination of their research; the obstacles to, and incentives in publishing; the views held by conservators of the benefits of publication to themselves and the field; and the impact of the field's inherent interdisciplinarity on the pattern of conservation publishing. Eighty-six conservators (conservators and conservation scientists) and ten journal editors completed an online questionnaire focusing on the communication of knowledge within the field of cultural materials conservation. Findings suggest that while the peer review process is valued, a significant number who responded indicated a preference for forms of communication other than in peer review journals or publishing in general. 相似文献
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This paper introduces a new approach to describe the spread of research topics across disciplines using epidemic models. The approach is based on applying individual-based models from mathematical epidemiology to the diffusion of a research topic over a contact network that represents knowledge flows over the map of science—as obtained from citations between ISI Subject Categories. Using research publications on the protein class kinesin as a case study, we report a better fit between model and empirical data when using the citation-based contact network. Incubation periods on the order of 4–15.5 years support the view that, whilst research topics may grow very quickly, they face difficulties to overcome disciplinary boundaries. 相似文献
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The growing complexity of scientific challenges demands increasingly intense research collaboration, both domestic and international. The resulting trend affects not only the modes of producing new knowledge, but also the way it is disseminated within scientific communities. This paper analyses the relationship between the “degree of internationalization” of a country’s scientific production and that of the relevant citing publications. The empirical analysis is based on 2010-2012 Italian publications. Findings show: i) the probability of being cited increases with the degree of internationalization of the research team; ii) totally domestic research teams tend to cite to a greater extent totally domestic publications; iii) vice versa, publications resulting from international collaborations tend to be more cited by totally foreign publications rather than by publications including domestic authors. These results emerge both at overall and at discipline level. Findings might inform research policies geared towards internationalization. 相似文献
8.
科学数据与科学文献相关性研究——以生物信息学为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
科学数据的高速增长和科研工作者对信息获取日益提升的需求,要求科学数据库与科学文献库能实现集成信息服务,达到跨异构库知识发现的目的.本文以生物信息学为例,重点研究了生物信息学科学数据库与文献库的两种相关关系:外部关联和内部关联.前者主要是基于两者的外部相似性建立的交叉引用关系,后者则在内容层面直至知识层面实现两者的聚合和知识关联. 相似文献
9.
《Journal of Informetrics》2019,13(3):771-784
This paper proposes two novel measures to study the geographic mobility of faculty members from their graduating institutions in the United States: a continuous measure using geographic distance and a discrete one concerning the concept of Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The joint application of the two novel measures to a hand-collected hiring network dataset including more than 15,000 faculty members in three disparate disciplines (business, computer science, and history) leads to interesting findings regarding geographic mobility of American professors from graduating institutions, defined by relocation distance or cross-MSA from the PhD granting institution and the hiring institution. Overall, American faculty exhibits high geographic mobility from their graduating institutions in terms of relocation distance and cross-MSA moves. History faculty members have the highest mobility while those in business show the lowest mobility. We further find that assistant professors show the highest mobility while full professors show lowest mobility. In addition, while there is little distance difference between male and female faculty members overall, female faculty members are less likely to move between MSAs or regions in the United States. 相似文献
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准确地研究和测度科学知识之间的逻辑关系和结构体系,是进行科学政策研究和科研项目资助布局等科研管理活动的重要基础。学术期刊作为科学知识传播和交流的重要平台,是探测科学知识结构的一种有效载体,但是不同的学术期刊分类体系对科学知识结构的测度结构会产生直接而广泛的影响。文章从学术期刊分群的角度出发,考虑期刊在共被引过程中的距离因素,通过采用深度学习算法,来进行期刊的相似度计算与分群问题研究,在此基础上进行科学知识结构测度方法研究,并以中国人文社会科学期刊引文数据库为实验对象进行了实证研究。从实证结果来看,我国人文社会科学学科知识结构存在较为明显的结构划分,不同学科类别或不同研究领域的期刊都被分到了相应的群组,表明从期刊使用的角度来看,我国人文社会科学知识结构边界是相对较为清晰的。在此基础上重点对法学期刊的两个群组的科学研究主题进行了挖掘,从关键词的共现网络中可以明显看出,两个期刊群体内的研究主题虽有一定的交叉,但是两者在具体研究内容上也存在着显著区别。 相似文献
11.
Faye A. Chadwell 《资料收集管理》2013,38(2):69-78
This paper provides information on a research project undertaken at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville to study publications by the campus researchers with an emphasis on the STEM (agricultural sciences, physical science, biological sciences, engineering and mathematics, etc.) disciplines at the macro level for a 3-year period. The overall objective of the study was to provide evidence-based data of periodical use to assist with collection decisions and to identify collection strengths at the university level. We used the Web of Knowledge database (Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation Index, and Arts and Humanities Citation Index) to identify the periodical literature in which our researchers published and those that they cite in their publications. We also determined the extent to which our researchers are publishing in and citing periodicals from the Elsevier, Wiley, and IEEE journal packages. A methodology for extracting citations from Web of Knowledge into an Excel spreadsheet is also provided. 相似文献
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《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(4):101338
Knowledge flow between scientific disciplines has commonly been measured based on citation data. Previous studies using citing relationships have mostly considered direct citations but have paid little attention to indirect citations (IDC) to indicate how knowledge diffusion from one discipline to another via one or more intermediaries. In this study, we measured knowledge flow between disciplines from two perspectives: direct citations (DC) and discipline potential energy (DPE), which is proposed to combine both direct and indirect citations. Data were collected from the Web of Science (WoS) database. Findings include: (1) DPE overshadows previous measures by considering not only direct citations but also indirect citations between disciplines which was usually ignored in previous measures, and revealed that the knowledge contribution of some disciplines had been underestimated by previous measures, such as Physics and Engineering. (2) The proportion of IDC contribution is close to that of direct knowledge contribution when the discipline scale is removed, which suggests that it is essential to consider IDC to distinguish the knowledge relationship (net-outflow/inflow) between disciplines. (3) Both measurements show that Biology & Biochemistry has always been the top discipline with the highest net outflow of knowledge, which is inconsistent with the history of science that Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry would be the highest net outflow disciplines. The results show that even considering IDC does not fully reveal the knowledge contribution and academic influence of disciplines. This paper also analyzes the potential reasons for citation bias in revealing the contribution of disciplinary knowledge from a citation perspective. Therefore, caution should be taken in the use of citations as a primary measure of knowledge flow. 相似文献
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杨俊丽 《大学图书情报学刊》2013,31(1):75-79
基础科学研究的发展实力和研究水平是衡量地域和高校科技创新能力的重要指标。文章利用Web of Knowledge检索平台对2001-2010年河南大学发表的SCI、SSCI、A＆HCI论文进行调查,从论文的数量与类型、来源出版物、学科、合作机构和国家、论文作者、被引频次等角度进行全方位统计分析,揭示河南大学学科研究发展的现状,为河南大学的教学研究工作和自然科学、人文社会科学的国际化发展提供参考和建议。 相似文献
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Basic research is the main powerhouse of a country’s potential for continuous economic growth, and national-level scientific research funding is an important source of capital that supports this basic research. Given these observations, this paper takes micro-level data from projects funded by the Department of Management Sciences in the National Natural Science Foundation of China between 2006 and 2010 to examine the relationship between the efficient use of research funding and the level of concentrated funding in certain research institutions. In contrast to the positive externalities produced by the concentration of R&D activities, our study finds that the accumulation of scientific research funding at the institution level is negative correlated with the knowledge output of the principal investigators of projects within the research institution. We explore the sources of the negative correlation and discuss some policy implications. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to examine whether scientific mobility, either between countries or between affiliations has an effect on researchers’ productivity and impact. In order to investigate this issue, we examined the relationships between the number of institutional affiliations and countries of the top 100 authors in seven disciplines. The selected authors’ profiles contained the number of affiliations and countries each author is assigned. We studied the number of affiliations and countries and compared them to three bibliometric indicators: the number of publications in international, peer-reviewed journals, h-index and Field Weighted Citations Impact. Our findings show that although there are differences in the relationship between mobility, productivity and impact between disciplines, mobility between at least two affiliations has an overall positive effect on both output and impact while mobility between countries does not. Therefore, in most disciplines positive impact and productivity effects are tracked in affiliation mobility within a single country. 相似文献
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从方法论角度论述了对文献信息的科学认识，分析了文献信息科学概念的产生、形成及其学科建设的积极意义。 相似文献
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Discursive knowledge emerges as codification in flows of communication. The flows of communication are constrained and enabled by networks of communications as their historical manifestations at each moment of time. New publications modify the existing networks by changing the distributions of attributes and relations in document sets, while the networks are self-referentially updated along trajectories. Codification operates reflexively: the network structures are reconstructed from the perspective of hindsight. Codification along different axes differentiates discursive knowledge into specialties. These intellectual control structures are constructed bottom-up, but feed top-down back upon the production of new knowledge. However, the forward dynamics of diffusion in the development of the communication networks along trajectories differs from the feedback mechanisms of control. Analysis of the development of scientific communication in terms of evolving scientific literatures provides us with a model which makes these evolutionary processes amenable to measurement. 相似文献
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基金视角下的学科知识流动网络构建与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的/意义] 在学科交叉融合的背景和趋势下,科研人员的跨学科研究行为促进了知识在不同学科之间的共享与流动。以基金领域为视角,研究学科知识流动,以期为基金管理工作提出建议。[方法/过程] 提出基于基金代码共现的学科知识流动强度测量方法,并利用社会网络分析方法,对193517个国家自然科学基金项目数据构建学科知识流动网络,探究网络的演变过程以及不同学科层次内知识流动路径。[结果/结论] 通过以上分析,得到如下结论:学科知识流动网络是无标度网络,随着时间的推移,网络的规模和结构都发生显著的变化,网络中重要节点呈非稳态;不同学部之间,存在若干条较为重要的知识流动路径;在某一个学部内,具有较广影响力的一类学科往往更容易构成知识流动链条。 相似文献
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科学研究的目的在于创造知识,并应用理论成果解决我国社会、经济、文化等发展中的实际问题。将论文发表在国际期刊上可以让更多的国际同行了解我国最新的科研成果,为我国获得更多的国际影响力,所以在过去二十多年里SCI论文成为我国科研考核的一个重要指标。在这种科研评价导向下,我国学者发表的国际论文数量已居世界第一位,而大量来自国内同行的引用使得我国国际论文的被引量排名世界第二。本文提取1990至2015年Web of Science论文及其引文的数据,分析不同国家、不同学科在国家层次的自引情况,并在不同国家、不同学科之间进行比较。研究发现,在排除国内同行的自引后,我国国际论文的真实国际影响力仍然有限,除了临床医学和物理等少数学科外,其他学科仍然低于全球平均水平。 相似文献
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Gore SA 《Medical reference services quarterly》2011,30(2):130-140
Scientists work collaboratively with online tools, relying almost exclusively on online resources and sharing publications freely online while generating and utilizing large datasets. As a result, librarians charged with providing services to the scientific community face both opportunities and challenges in keeping up in this electronic, digital environment. To meet these challenges, library leaders from the five campuses of the University of Massachusetts System established an on-going e-Science initiative. This initiative focuses on increasing awareness and understanding of the principles of e-Science while improving general knowledge within different scientific disciplines. Programs of varying lengths and focus provide local and affordable professional development opportunities that improve the working librarian's ability to better serve scientific researchers and students. 相似文献