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1.
Hea Lim Rhee 《Archival Science》2016,16(2):167-194
The quantity of government records has grown dramatically since the rapid development of information technology starting in the mid-twentieth century. This ever-expanding body of records has challenged the limited resources of government archives. Though U.S. government archivists constantly try to identify valuable government records among the geometrically increasing total, in order to justify spending public money on their preservation, little is known about how U.S. state archives and records management programs go about the process. The study discussed in this paper is the first to empirically investigate nationwide archival appraisal practice in U.S. state archives and records management programs. The study answered two research questions: How do U.S. state archivists and records managers conceptually define archival appraisal? How do U.S. state archivists and records managers practice archival appraisal of state government records? The study used an online survey and interviews for data collection and SPSS software and NVivo8 software for data analysis. This paper discusses the research topic and concludes with recommendations for practitioners and further studies. 相似文献
2.
Open government data and the private sector: An empirical view on business models and value creation
《Government Information Quarterly》2020,37(3):101248
The release of government data in an open format is broadly expected to generate innovation and economic value. However, despite the emerging public notoriety of this issue, literature is still scarce regarding the commercial application of open government data. The main goal of this study is to understand how firms use open government data to create value. More specifically, we aim to identify what types of use are currently in place and which industries are more prominent in exploiting open government data. Building on the analysis of a dataset of 178 firms that use open government data across various industries in the U.S. we find twelve different atomic models. Additionally, our findings suggest that the way in which open government is used to create value is contingent to the firms' activities. Supported by robust empirical data, we anticipate that our research produces practical insights to entrepreneurs as well as firm managers in deriving value from public datasets, and equip government officials with relevant evidence for advocacy and policy-making. 相似文献
3.
[目的/意义]合作是美国开放政府计划的三大原则之一,是推动美国政府数据开放运动进程的关键因素,研究美国政府数据开放共享的合作模式,总结美国开展政府数据合作共享的经验,为我国开展政府数据开放共享的合作工作提供借鉴。[方法/过程]采用文献资料调查法和案例分析法,探讨美国政府数据开放共享的3种合作模式：政府间合作、政企合作以及政民合作,结合我国的实际情况对这几种合作模式的成功经验进行总结。[结果/结论]我国可以通过以行政等级为主线统筹政府数据开放工作、构建跨部门的合作组织、加强国际交流与合作、促进数据产业的发展以及鼓励社会公众参与这5个方面来促进我国政府数据开放共享与合作。 相似文献
4.
《Government Information Quarterly》2018,35(4):622-632
U.S. cities, among the vanguards of open data globally, are investing in renewed efforts to support Open Government with the creation of open data portals that are used to provide machine-readable administratively collected data sets. Transparency of the public sector is still widely seen as the main outcome of these efforts. Such a simplistic view, however, misses the rich variety of innovations resulting from open data use. We conceptualize these innovation outcomes across two dimensions: internal/external and product/process. Interviews with 15 city managers in the U.S. who are responsible for the implementation of open data policies were conducted to compare policy intentions, perceived innovation outcomes as well as actual ones. The findings show that product-centric outcomes are predominant and relate mainly to external innovation, including applications, websites and new services. Process-centric outcomes constitute rather internal innovation, such as procedural changes and the revival of innovation culture in government. We close with a set of recommendations for open data efforts in government that include structural, procedural, as well as cultural changes for successful open data initiatives. 相似文献
5.
[目的/意义]目前我国政府开放数据面临数据开放规模小、应用价值难以体现等应用管理问题。只有集中解决开放什么样的数据,能产生什么样的价值的核心驱动力,才能有效破解数据资源在各委办局中条块分割,开放意愿不足的根本问题。本文的研究目标旨在构建政府开放数据的应用分析模型。[方法/过程]本研究将政府开放数据集、政府开放数据应用案例以及其复杂的处理逻辑,解耦在资源域与模型域,形成模型4个维度上的"要素点"以及模型各维度间的映射关系（"结构线"）,将这些"点"和"线"组成模型行为表;并通过一个可连动收割的数学模型构建模型动态发现机制。[结果/结论]最终构建政府开放数据应用分析模型,并归纳模型在应用中主要的应用场景类型,以及由应用场景组成的应用路径结构,解决模型在具体应用场景下的应用实现问题。 相似文献
6.
E. Herman 《Journal of Government Information》2004,30(1):42-65
The purpose of this paper is to suggest realistic guidelines that balance public access to government information and the need to protect sensitive data. Emphasis is on lessons learned from a 1979 case where the government attempted to prohibit the Progressive Magazine from publishing an article about making a hydrogen bomb and government reactions to the September 11th attacks. Executive Orders 12958 and 13292 and the new U.S. Geological Survey policy towards sensitive data can become the foundation for reasonable guidelines. The author concludes that the U.S. tradition of democracy and open government remains strong and will survive the attempts to limit information access since September 11, 2001. 相似文献
7.
This paper presents a benchmark proposal for the Open Government and its application from the open data perspective using data available on the U.S. government's open data portal (data.gov). The benchmark is developed over the adopted Open Government conceptual model, which describes Open Government through data openness, transparency, participation and collaboration. Resulting in two measures, that is, one known as the e-government openness index (eGovOI) and the other Maturity, the benchmark indicates the progress of government over time, the efficiency of recognizing and implementing new concepts and the willingness of the government to recognize and embrace innovative ideas. 相似文献
8.
This paper presents a review of open data research based on bibliometric analysis of publications in Web of Science from 1998 to 2016. It shows that research on open data has grown rapidly since 2009 with the development of various open data initiatives. We identify the different themes using science mapping and performance analysis. The most important themes are semantic web, open government, and crowdsourcing. The basic and transversal themes are data sharing and public sector information. As for the emerging themes, these are Big Data and open government data. In addition, data journalism, monitoring, and recommender systems are specific themes that deserve special attention. The UK and the USA are the leading publishing countries, both in theoretical and practical research on open data. In China, most researchers focus on practical research, and there have been efforts to promote the development of open data. Papers introducing large‐scale projects receive more attention and citation quickly. Recently, researchers have been publishing more on objective topics, including possible issues and dilemmas in the era of Big Data and many problems such as budgets, ownership, licensing, culture, and sustainable development. 相似文献
9.
[目的/意义] 个人隐私保护是政府开放数据过程中的关键环节,通过对美国政府开放数据实践中的个人隐私保护政策梳理,为我国开放政府数据中的个人隐私保护提供一定的参考借鉴。[方法/过程] 通过对美国政府开放数据相关政策文本的收集,运用NVivo文本分析工具,对政策文本进行内容编码分析,梳理美国政府开放数据隐私保护框架,以期获得有益的启示和借鉴作用。[结果/结论] 从发挥多元主体职能作用、隐私保护评估系统构建、隐私数据利用治理、构建隐私计算模型以及法律保障5个维度来构建我国政府开放数据中的个人隐私保护体系,以最大程度发挥政府数据开放的时代价值。 相似文献
10.
In developing open data policies, governments aim to stimulate and guide the publication of government data and to gain advantages from its use. Currently there is a multiplicity of open data policies at various levels of government, whereas very little systematic and structured research has been done on the issues that are covered by open data policies, their intent and actual impact. Furthermore, no suitable framework for comparing open data policies is available, as open data is a recent phenomenon and is thus in an early stage of development. In order to help bring about a better understanding of the common and differentiating elements in the policies and to identify the factors affecting the variation in policies, this paper develops a framework for comparing open data policies. The framework includes the factors of environment and context, policy content, performance indicators and public values. Using this framework, seven Dutch governmental policies at different government levels are compared. The comparison shows both similarities and differences among open data policies, providing opportunities to learn from each other's policies. The findings suggest that current policies are rather inward looking, open data policies can be improved by collaborating with other organizations, focusing on the impact of the policy, stimulating the use of open data and looking at the need to create a culture in which publicizing data is incorporated in daily working processes. The findings could contribute to the development of new open data policies and the improvement of existing open data policies. 相似文献
11.
Open data is a global movement with the potential to generate significant social and economic benefits. Policies on open government data (OGD) inspire the development of new and innovative services that government agencies may lack. The International Open Data Charter adequately describes the importance of data mining. Governments that have signed this charter should focus on the following areas—(i) data mining, (ii) linkage, and (iii) in-depth analysis, i.e., distribution of open data that is freely accessible for elaborate analysis using machine reading. However, a series of practical difficulties is observed in connection with the data mining of OGD for in-depth analysis. First, most OGD do not have identifiers to prevent privacy disclosure. Second, owing to the nature of siloed data, the data sharing and collection methods vary with respect to heterogeneous OGD, and administrative or institutional barriers need to be overcome. This has created a demand for a novel technical solution that applies micro-aggregation and distance-based record linkage to address the aforementioned issues. Thus, in this study, a method capable of integrating two or more de-identified OGDs into one dataset to enable OGD data mining is proposed. In addition, the proposed method allows users to adjust the privacy threshold level to determine an appropriate balance between privacy disclosure risk and data utility. The effectiveness of the method is evaluated in terms of several metrics via extensive experimentation. This study emphasizes the importance of the research on efficient utilization of already-published OGDs, which has been relatively neglected in the past. Further, it broadens the research area for privacy-preserving data mining by proposing a method capable of mining heterogeneous data even in the absence of identifiers. 相似文献
12.
This article discusses the approach of two national governments to the use of the World Wide Web (WWW) as a means for providing information and other resources to the public. Each country has a view of information management and information delivery through the WWW. The United States links the actions of agencies to a strategic planning process involving the use of performance indicators, whereas New Zealand has a lesser commitment to information dissemination. Performance indicators reflecting a customer's perspective could apply to U.S. government WWW sites, thereby improving the public's right-to-know, open government, and public access. The article identifies future directions for research and evaluation, and illustrates that government information for both countries need not appear in textual form. 相似文献
13.
《Government Information Quarterly》2022,39(2):101681
Previous research has identified a variety of barriers to digital government, and regularly emphasizes the importance of individuals that navigate institutional contexts and strategically pursue digital government solutions. This exploratory analysis investigates how these individuals understand barriers to digital government and the strategies that they apply to overcome them. Using interviews with digital champions in the U.S government, we extract the tactics employed to overcome these barriers including storytelling, community building, external validation, orientation towards citizen perspectives and a reliance on external peer networks. Results highlight the interconnected nature of barriers and the non-linear quality of strategies, and allow the construction of a theoretical model for structural and cultural barriers and strategies as experienced by digital champions. This model highlights the perceived efficacy and impact of cultural strategies, and the association of these strategies with external peer networks and citizens, and a tension in how digital champions describe actors and approaches introduced from the private sector. 相似文献
14.
开放政府数据评估体系述评:特点分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
[目的/意义]随着开放政府数据运动的快速发展,开放政府数据评估体系也在研究和实践中不断出现,对这些评估体系的特点进行分析,有利于采取更科学合理的方法对开放政府数据进行准确评估,推动开放政府数据的可持续发展。[方法/过程]对研究与实践中现有的开放政府数据评估体系进行系统梳理,归纳出现有评估体系的评估动因、评估内容和评估方法及相应特点和适用性。[结果/结论]研究发现现有评估体系在城市层面、特定行业和开放数据成熟度评估方面存在局限,提出应根据不同评估动因、因地制宜地选择评估内容和评估方法的建议,并构建了开放政府数据评估动因、评估内容和评估方法的循环迭代检验机制。 相似文献
15.
16.
Due to expected benefits such as citizen participation and innovation, the release of Public Sector Information as open data is getting increased attention on various levels of government. However, currently data release by governments is still novel and there is little experience and knowledge thus far about its benefits, costs and barriers. This is compounded by a lack of understanding about how internal processes influence data release. Our aim in this paper is to get a better understanding of these processes and how they influence data release, i.e., to find determinants for the release of public sector information. For this purpose, we conducted workshops, interviews, questionnaires, desk research and practice based cases in the education program of our university, involving six local public sector organizations. We find that the way data is stored, the way data is obtained and the way data is used by a department are crucial indicators for open data release. We conclude with the lessons learned based on our research findings. These findings are: we should take a nuanced approach towards data release, avoid releasing data for its own sake, and take small incremental steps to explore data release. 相似文献
17.
State government websites are a main information portal for people. The primary objective of this study is to examine 50 U.S. state government websites to evaluate the status of their accessibility in comparison with federal government and randomly selected commercial websites. The results show a significant difference among the three groups (F(2, 101) = 11.81, p < 0.001) with respect to accessibility. In particular, the state and federal government websites provide more accessible service to their users than the commercial websites (p < 0.01). The most frequent barriers to accessibility found on state government websites are also listed here for web designers and developers to enable them to improve their quality of service in the future. 相似文献
18.
In recent years, more and more government administrations around the world are participating in open data policy implementation. Government officials who are charged with implementing this new policy usually need to look for related information for deciding what datasets to open to the public. Accordingly, a research gap exists in understanding government officials' information behaviors in implementing open data policy. By using a qualitative approach to conduct semi-structured interviews with government officials who have extensive experience in implementing open data policy, this study explores government officials' information behaviors in searching and selecting datasets for open data publication. Specifically, this research investigates government officials' information needs, the employed information sources, and the intervening variables that influence their information behaviors. While open data is an ongoing policy implementation, government officials' information behaviors form an iterative cycle where information needs continually occur, information seeking activities are conducted by using a variety of information sources, and the obtained information is used to satisfy information needs. The findings and discussions of this study are expected to provide insights of government officials' data search and selection to practitioners and to enrich the current literature of open government data. 相似文献
19.
开放数据在英、美政府中的应用及启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
开放数据是一种理念与实践,按照用户特定的需求和相应的互联网协议、规则、框架对Web数据进行开发、加工、存储、组织等管理活动,以实现局域和全部Web空间的数据开放、互通、共享,受到了政府、企业和一些行业如图书馆的重视与应用。英、美政府对开放数据的应用实践走在了世界的前列,其与W3C相关协议保持数据相同、数据保持完整性与统一性、建立政府信息开放门户网站平台等做法均值得我国政府和一些开放数据应用行业的借鉴。 相似文献
20.
Sam W. Eiler 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(2):159-164
We read and hear a good deal these days about the proper role of federal agencies, Congress, and broadcasters themselves in properly controlling quantity and quality of television advertising in the U.S. There seems to be a fair amount of criticism expressed and implied by government officials, the general public, broadcasters, agencies and advertisers on the whole question of advertising regulation—suggesting most of these people are dissatisfied to some degree much of the time. An interesting comparative situation is found in Britain where the Independent Broadcasting Authority has followed a unique approach to these problems for a number of years—and apparently pleases most participants and the TV audience. In the following discussion, Mrs. Marting describes the IBA approach and deals with its possible applicability here. The author is completing the Ph.D. at Ohio State University after earlier earning a journalism MA at Alabama, and spending a number of years in public relations and advertising. 相似文献