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许捷 《自然科学博物馆研究》2019,(6):18-25
展示技术的发展为博物馆展示科学技术提供了各种可能性,然而提炼和表达科学技术背后的科学文化,即科学精神、科学思想、科学方法、科学的价值观等核心内涵,并不是单纯的技术问题。工程文化是科学文化的一种类型,在黑龙江工程学院工程文化博物馆的策展实践中,通过情节化、重构展品语境和不同层次的参与等多方式,探索了在展示工程技术发展的同时,深入发掘背后的工程文化,让展览不仅传播科学知识,同时也兼具科学文化。 相似文献
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科技期刊社会职能拓展的有益实践 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对<中国学校卫生>杂志在拓展社会职能6个方面有益实践的总结,得到了如下认识:科技期刊参与科学研究,是其社会职能进一步向专业化方向的拓展;科技期刊将专业知识转化为科普知识,是其社会职能进一步向普及化方向的拓展;科技期刊积极主动应对重大突发事件,是其社会职能进一步向社会公益性方向的拓展;科技期刊加强媒企合作,是其社会职能进一步向市场化方向的拓展;科技期刊拓宽服务领域、抢占优势市场,是其社会职能进一步向个性化服务方向的拓展;科技期刊进行强强联合、优势互补,是其社会职能进一步向为读者服务方向的拓展. 相似文献
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De Castro P Marsili D Poltronieri E Calderón CA 《Health information and libraries journal》2012,29(2):119-130
Background: Open Access (OA) to scientific information is an important step forward in communication patterns, yet we still need to reinforce OA principles to promote a cultural change of traditional publishing practices. The advantages of free access to scientific information are even more evident in public health where knowledge is directly associated with human wellbeing. Objectives: An OA ‘consolidation’ initiative in public health is presented to show how the involvement of people and institutions is fundamental to create awareness on OA and promote a cultural change. This initiative is developed within the project NEtwork of COllaboration Between Europe and Latin American Caribbean countries (NECOBELAC), financed by the European Commission. Methods: Three actions are envisaged: Capacity building through a flexible and sustainable training programme on scientific writing and OA publishing; creation of training tools based on semantic web technologies; development of a network of supporting institutions. Results: In 2010–2011, 23 training initiatives were performed involving 856 participants from 15 countries; topic maps on scientific publication and OA were produced; 195 institutions are included in the network. Conclusions: Cultural change in scientific dissemination practices is a long process requiring a flexible approach and strong commitment by all stakeholders. 相似文献
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我国科技博物馆在数量和规模蓬勃发展的同时,在展览展示方面也暴露出重视科学知识,忽视科学精神传播的问题。这并不符合国家科普事业发展要求和博物馆行业发展趋势,如何通过展览呈现科学精神内涵,是博物馆人需要面对的重要议题。本文以美国CDC博物馆EIS班级礼物在线展览为例,讨论科技博物馆发挥科技藏品的“物证”功能,利用在线展览创造更充分的讲述空间,形成对“求真、怀疑、客观、逻辑”等科学精神内涵更好呈现的做法及实践,以期给博物馆同仁借鉴及参考。 相似文献
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Research carried out in 2011 in Kirinyaga district, Kenya, shows how sense-making theory and methodology can be used to assess the use of local agricultural and external knowledge by small-scale farmers and its effects on small-scale agriculture. Two knowledge systems, the local knowledge system and the external or scientific knowledge system, are considered dominant. The two systems can be synergistic and small-scale farmers have mixed them in their farming activities. Blending systems improve communication, livelihoods, and economies within local communities, and increases their participation in development. Data were collected in focus group discussions with farmers' groups and interviews with individual farmers. Results show that most farmers in Kirinyaga use external agricultural information in their farming practices. A significant number use combined external agricultural information and local knowledge, which forms a third knowledge system. This third system requires the validation of the farmers' innovations and documentation of the knowledge for wider dissemination. Information providers should adopt policies that promote the use of the three knowledge systems by small-scale farmers. 相似文献
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在建设一流科技期刊的探索中,《工程科学与技术》立足传播科学的初心,结合期刊自身定位,积极探索科学家办刊、专家组稿、策划专栏的办刊模式,开设特色栏目,组织服务国家战略工程建设的选题,取得了良好的成效,发挥了科技期刊在国家知识创新、科技创新,以及重大战略工程建设中的重要作用.本文就《工程科学与技术》在办刊实践中的具体举措进行详细阐述,探讨科技期刊,特别是工程科学类期刊,服务创新型国家重大战略工程建设的路径,为培育世界一流中文科技期刊提供思路. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]数据驱动的科学研究第四范式凸显了科学数据监管(data curation)的重要性。科学数据监管是一项技术与管理相结合的持续改善过程,亟需系统的知识体系来规划、指导具体的管理工作。[方法/过程]在分析科学数据及其监管要素的基础上,对国际数据管理协会划分的数据管理体系进行归类和精简,从管理的视角提出包括4个核心职能、4个辅助职能和1个综合管理职能的科学数据监管体系的概念模型,并详细解析每个管理职能模块的功能结构以及输入、输出和主要管理活动。[结果/结论]与其他监管体系相比较,本文所提出的数据监管体系针对性较强,重点突出并充分体现技术与管理相结合的特点,结构化的描述方法使科学数据监管的思想方法和工作步骤更加条理化、系统化、图像化和科学化。这一监管体系构架可为我国科研机构、图书馆及企业有效进行数据监管提供参考。 相似文献
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重读《图书馆学要旨》——也谈图书馆学前辈学术著作的传与读 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1934年刘国钧先生出版了阐述其图书馆学思想的《图书馆要旨》。《要旨》汲取了他所学到的西方图书馆学知识,着眼于中国图书馆事业实际,全面说明了图书馆学的原理和图书馆的性质、功能、特点及其组成要素,以及图书馆学研究的对象、研究内容与研究方法等,堪称我国图书馆学的奠基之作。《要旨》所表述的图书馆学思想既有杜戚的实用主义,又有巴特勒的科学精神,并有机地将其结合,避免了他们的片面性。 相似文献
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面向科技文献知识表示的知识元本体模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的/意义]随着科技文献资源的急剧增长,用户淹没在科技文献的海洋中,为用户提供快速、精准的细粒度知识元服务将成为未来文献知识检索的发展趋势。[方法/过程]在分析科技文献文本结构的基础上,逐步深入到科技文献的内容中,以期通过构建一种面向科技文献知识表示的知识元本体模型,将科技文献内容中句义完整的细粒度知识点表示成具有统一结构的知识元。[结果/结论]以一篇科技文献为实例,展示笔者提出的基于知识元本体模型的科技文献知识表示方法,但该示例仅呈现了科技文献中引言部分的相关知识点,需进一步验证该知识元本体模型的有效性。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]国外健康科学数据管理实践实现了健康科学数据的高效利用并促进了开放科学的发展,总结国外实践能为国内健康科学数据管理提供借鉴和启示。[研究设计/方法]基于科学数据管理能力成熟度模型和健康科学数据生命周期理论,构建了健康科学数据管理框架,从健康科学数据的管理计划、采集与评价、组织与保存、共享与再利用四个方面分析了国外健康科学数据管理实践。[结论/发现]国外基金委、科研机构和图书馆将健康科学数据管理计划提交设为科研项目的必要环节,数据安全保护是国外健康科学数据管理的重要议题。基于国外成熟经验,本研究从加强基金委与科研机构层面的健康科学数据管理计划制定、完善健康科学数据采集与评价体系、依托地方/高校图书馆建设健康科学数据仓储、权衡健康科学数据共享利用与数据安全间关系四个方面对国内健康科学数据管理实践给予建议。[创新/价值]将科学数据管理能力成熟度模型引入健康信息学领域,弥补了图书情报领域对于健康科学数据管理理论和管理实践研究的不足。 相似文献
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Ramlee Abdul Rahman 《International Information and Library Review》2011,(4):207-214
The main objective of this study was to investigate the perception of the researchers and officers within the National Institutes of Health Malaysia (NIH) about their understanding of knowledge sharing practices in their respective environment. Questions included: what are the perceptions of the respondents with regard to the knowledge sharing practices in their respective institutions? What are the benefits for knowledge sharing practices as perceived by them? What are their perceived organisational knowledge sharing practices motivating factors? Also, what are the hindering factors? The survey of the researchers and officers of the NIH was distributed to 400 respondents from the six research institutes under NIH: Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Institute for Public Health (IPH), Network for Clinical Research Centres (CRC), Institute for Health Management (IHM), Institute for Health Systems Research (IHSR) and Institute for Health Promotion (IHP). The responses indicated that knowledge sharing depends on the context of encouraging and rewarding the practices of organisational knowledge sharing. The findings suggest four factors – Environment and Infrastructure, Management Support, Culture and Technology – as significant determinants in influencing the organisational knowledge sharing practices among the employees. The study was limited to the perceptual aspect of the issue, specifically from the individuals’ opinions and sentiments. 相似文献
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Ramlee Abdul Rahman 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(4):207-214
The main objective of this study was to investigate the perception of the researchers and officers within the National Institutes of Health Malaysia (NIH) about their understanding of knowledge sharing practices in their respective environment. Questions included: what are the perceptions of the respondents with regard to the knowledge sharing practices in their respective institutions? What are the benefits for knowledge sharing practices as perceived by them? What are their perceived organisational knowledge sharing practices motivating factors? Also, what are the hindering factors? The survey of the researchers and officers of the NIH was distributed to 400 respondents from the six research institutes under NIH: Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Institute for Public Health (IPH), Network for Clinical Research Centres (CRC), Institute for Health Management (IHM), Institute for Health Systems Research (IHSR) and Institute for Health Promotion (IHP). The responses indicated that knowledge sharing depends on the context of encouraging and rewarding the practices of organisational knowledge sharing. The findings suggest four factors – Environment and Infrastructure, Management Support, Culture and Technology – as significant determinants in influencing the organisational knowledge sharing practices among the employees. The study was limited to the perceptual aspect of the issue, specifically from the individuals’ opinions and sentiments. 相似文献
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知识与图书馆学和图书馆 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
知识是图书馆学研究和图书馆工作的主要对象。图书馆学对知识、知识组织管理及知识服务理论的研究，是其根本任务。图书馆工作，从知识生产、聚集，到知识组织管理和服务，贯穿其始终。 相似文献
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Javier Gómez-Ferri Gregorio González-Alcaide Ramón LLopis-Goig 《Journal of Informetrics》2019,13(4):100980
Increasing levels of collaboration constitute one of the characteristics of science. However, the knowledge production system is based on a fundamental discordance: on the one hand, it is cooperative in nature, with links articulated through coauthorships, and on the other, the systems for assigning merit and distributing rewards function on an individual scale. This contradiction can give rise to dysfunction and inappropriate practices.This study analyses researchers’ perceptions about the problems associated with authorship in scientific publications. We make use of a coauthorship dissatisfaction index that measures the degree of dissatisfaction with the author order on the byline, ghost authors, and unjustified authorship. There are differences in this regard according to the branch of knowledge, status in the academic hierarchy, and sex. Using a sample of 2344 university researchers, we observed an overall dissatisfaction rate of 12.4%. The highest rates were in the areas of Health Sciences and Social Sciences, in early-stage career academics, and in women. The cognizant authorities should take steps to regulate authorship, tailoring rules to each area of knowledge, with an eye toward reducing discrimination, gender bias, and abuse of authority. 相似文献
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本文为解决领域科技文献与专题价值的割裂问题提出深度融合科技文献、科研活动等科研对象与领域专题数据资源的图谱构建方法。通过主题词关联设计,构建包含期刊论文、期刊、科研机构、科研人员及专题实体类型的科研本体,选取机器学习专题构建科研知识图谱,并基于图数据库Neo4J进行图谱管理与查询验证。该专题科研知识图谱可以支持单实体/属性、多实体事实性问题的复杂图谱查询,有效揭示专题、科技文献的关联关系,具有较强的应用价值,可以为面向文献数据的智能知识服务提供新的思路和方向。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 针对"互联网+"背景下科研用户群体知识需求的个性化和全局性特点,研究如何基于科研用户兴趣模型构建知识推送服务模式问题。[方法/过程] 通过梳理研究现状,从知识需求独特性和知识需求状态多变性两个视角进行"隐式+显式"科研用户兴趣模型与知识推送契合性分析。从个性化与全局化视角构建"隐式+显式"科研用户兴趣模型,并通过知识发掘与整合-知识推送-推送服务评价等过程为推送模式提供数据支持和决策支撑,满足科研用户特殊的知识需求。[结果/结论] 实证研究结果表明,该模式可以从个性化和全局化两个视角满足科研用户特殊需求。 相似文献
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文章深入探讨了科学知识生命周期的理论来源,即知识进化论及知识场理论,进而用战略坐标图方法梳理了科学知识的生命周期表现,最后厘清了科学知识生命周期与实践知识生命周期的内涵与外延. 相似文献
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医院科研团队虽然明确了解所需要的知识与具有外部嵌入知识来源的有效性,并利用多种多样的工作实
践途径来促进内部隐性知识的转移。但是,医院科研在实践中仍然存在隐性知识转移的困境。文章对科研团队对怎样
组织与设计知识转移实践的方式以及达到什么程度才符合知识转移和达到共享的目标、如何把这些知识存储到团队的
知识管理系统来管理和捕捉隐性知识等问题进行研究讨论,把研究内部隐性知识转移思路集中定位在医院科研工作实
践过程中,分析医院科研团队工作实践情境中知识重组与知识转移关系,希望通过建立跨职能科研部门以及工作实践
情 相似文献