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Tracy A. Kugler David C. Van Riper Steven M. Manson David A. Haynes II Joshua Donato Katie Stinebaugh 《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2015,11(2):180-206
The Terra Populus project (TerraPop) addresses a variety of data management, curation, and preservation challenges with respect to spatiotemporal population and environmental data. In this article, we describe our approaches to these challenges, with a particular focus on geospatial data workflows and associated provenance metadata. The goal of TerraPop is to enable research, learning, and policy analysis by providing integrated spatiotemporal data describing people and their environment. To do so, TerraPop is assembling a globe-spanning and temporally extensive collection of high-quality population and environmental data, ensuring good documentation, and developing a Web-based data access system that enables users to assemble customized integrated data sets drawing on a variety of data sources and formats. We describe TerraPop's collection strategies, detail the geospatial workflows involved in preparing data for ingest into the project database and those used to transform data across formats for dissemination, and discuss the system used to capture and manage provenance metadata throughout the project. A key aspect of the project is the development of global current and historical administrative unit boundaries that can be linked to census data. These boundaries serve as the linchpin of TerraPop's data integration strategy, and constitute an important data set in their own right. 相似文献
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《Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian》2013,32(4):15-23
The problems in making machine-readable data files (MRDFs) accessible as well as in using them are basically the same for all social scientists. There are two kinds of problem: the quality of the data in the MRDFs themselves and accessibility. The social scientists' concern is quality control; the librarians' is accessibility. "Clean" datasets make it possible to ask questions that could not be asked in the past. In analyzing large amounts of data, social scientists can detect the "weak signals" of important relationships. Three problems confronting librarians are: availability of bibliographic control; the quality of documentation; and level of user skills. 相似文献
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邓卓 《自然科学博物馆研究》2023,(1):43-55
科研人员是从事科普活动的重要力量,然而目前国内鲜有研究聚焦科研人员参与科普活动的实施效果。本研究以上海自然博物馆“与科学家面对面”科普活动的效果评估为案例,通过对参与活动的观众进行无干扰跟踪观察和活动后的访谈,以探究科研人员在科普活动中对观众体验的直接价值与潜在影响。结果表明,科研人员介入科普活动,不仅对观众认知能力及其对科研工作的认同感有积极影响,而且科研人员面对公众的交流能力也有显著提升。但是,科研人员在科普经验上的欠缺也成为制约活动效果的潜在因素。研究结果将为科研人员参与的科普教育活动的策划和实施提供参考。 相似文献
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Beth Sheehan 《Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian》2013,32(4):173-213
In the last decade, two online archaeology data repositories, Digital Antiquity's The Digital Archeological Record (tDAR) and the Alexandria Archive Institute's (AAI) Open Context, have emerged in the United States as key players in the development of technology and Web platforms for preservation and public online access to archaeological research data. The need for these services has intensified since 2011, in the wake of U.S. federal open access mandates and funding agency data management plan requirements for grant applications. Through a comparison of selected features of tDAR and Open Context, this article highlights similarities and key differences in their designs, data management policies, and practices, and provides guidance to subject specialist librarians and others who advise archaeological researchers about how these differences can impact the suitability of each repository for specific data characteristics. 相似文献
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This work analyses the perception and practice of sharing, reusing, and facilitating access to research data in the field of food science and technology. The study involved the coordination of a focus group discussion and an online survey, to understand and evince the behaviour of researchers regarding data management in that field. Both the discussion group and the survey were performed with researchers from several institutes of the Spanish National Research Council. The lack of a data sharing culture, the fear of being scooped, and confusion between the concepts of the working plan and the data management plan were some of the issues that emerged in the focus group. Respondents' previous experience with sharing their research data has been mainly in the form of appendices to peer‐reviewed publications. From the survey (101 responses), the most important motivations for publishing research data were found to be facilitating the reproducibility of the research, increasing the likelihood of citations of the article, and compliance with funding body mandates. Legal constraints, intellectual property, data ownership, data rights, potential commercial exploitation, and misuse of data were the main barriers to publishing data as open data. Citation in publications, certification, compliance with standards, and the reputation of the data providers were the most relevant factors affecting the use of other researchers' data. Being recent or recently updated, well documented, with quality metadata and ease of access were the most valued attributes of open research data. 相似文献
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《Library & information science research》1998,20(3):211-234
This research on government information policy's effects on use and users of government information considered social scientists' use of information from Canada's central statistical agency, Statistics Canada. Using a triangulated methodology, the investigation focused on Canadian mid-1980s federal cost-recovery and restraint initiatives which applied to government information. The case study revealed Statistics Canada's response to the initiatives. Bibliometric research objectively documented policy effects on use of statistics sources, examining Canadian social science journal articles in five disciplines. Textual examination revealed use of Canadian and foreign governmental and nongovernmental statistics sources over the years surrounding policy implementation. An author survey supplemented bibliometric findings. Higher prices and increased electronic data dissemination by Statistics Canada were confirmed, however bibliometric analysis indicated no significant change over time in use of statistics sources. Survey respondents expressed unhappiness with the price increases, but did not change sources used. Many (in 1995) still used paper products rather than electronic ones, a finding which provides baseline data but which does not reflect the more recent explosion in Internet use. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]为国内期刊开展科学数据管理提供思考与借鉴,并结合国内相关现状提出期刊科学数据管理框架以及合理的发展建议。[方法/过程]通过调研选取国外开展科学数据管理较好的15家期刊为研究对象,分析其在科学数据管理相关政策、科学数据提交、仓储平台和开放获取等四方面的特点。[结果/结论]得到如下启示:制定完整的科学数据管理政策;建立详细的科学数据提交流程;关联专业的科学数据仓储平台;积极促进科学数据的开放获取等建议。 相似文献
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《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(2):101285
This study intends to uncover the mentorship effect by investigating the impact of mentors’ academic titles and research performance on the academic success of young scientists. Drawing on the data of chemical scientists from China's 985 project universities, we demonstrate that the probability of young scientists acquiring academic success increases if their mentors are qualified Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) or Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) academicians. However, this positive effect may be insignificant or negative for improved academic performance. Additionally, the role of the mentors’ research performance in moderating the relationship between the young scientists' research performance and the probability of acquiring an academic title is not significant and may even be negative. Remarkably, our empirical results suggest that mentors with a CAS or CAE academician title and an increase of the young scientists’ H-index by 20 have equal effects on the probability that young scientists win an Excellent title. This raises concerns about the mentorship effect in China. The results have solid practical implications that are clarified at the end of this research. 相似文献
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近年来,随着信息技术的高速发展和科技馆管理要求的不断提高,为更好地了解和掌握观众所需,提升科技馆的管理和服务能力,采用大数据等先进的信息技术手段,创新更加人性化的贴身服务,已成为科技馆的迫切需求。本文以中国科技馆观众大数据分析平台为例,介绍了如何通过移动终端信号监测解决场馆内精准定位问题,并运用运营商大数据实现对科技馆客流统计、观众画像和行为分析,为大数据在科普场馆智慧化应用方面提供参考。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]数据开放共享是我国大数据战略的核心,我国将于2018年前建立国家级政府数据开放平台,如何更好地管理数据是平台建设的关键问题,英美作为目前政府数据开放水平最高的国家,其平台数据管理功能对我国有极大的借鉴意义。[方法/过程]从数据对象、数据组织、数据检索、数据开发利用、数据分享反馈等方面入手,调研英美政府数据开放平台发展现状,对比分析其数据管理功能。[结果/结论]我国可从以下几点加强政府数据开放平台的建设：①以CKAN为基础搭建数据开放平台;②完善数据标准与规范;③增强数据检索功能;④鼓励数据的开发利用;⑤嵌入社交媒体。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]国外健康科学数据管理实践实现了健康科学数据的高效利用并促进了开放科学的发展,总结国外实践能为国内健康科学数据管理提供借鉴和启示。[研究设计/方法]基于科学数据管理能力成熟度模型和健康科学数据生命周期理论,构建了健康科学数据管理框架,从健康科学数据的管理计划、采集与评价、组织与保存、共享与再利用四个方面分析了国外健康科学数据管理实践。[结论/发现]国外基金委、科研机构和图书馆将健康科学数据管理计划提交设为科研项目的必要环节,数据安全保护是国外健康科学数据管理的重要议题。基于国外成熟经验,本研究从加强基金委与科研机构层面的健康科学数据管理计划制定、完善健康科学数据采集与评价体系、依托地方/高校图书馆建设健康科学数据仓储、权衡健康科学数据共享利用与数据安全间关系四个方面对国内健康科学数据管理实践给予建议。[创新/价值]将科学数据管理能力成熟度模型引入健康信息学领域,弥补了图书情报领域对于健康科学数据管理理论和管理实践研究的不足。 相似文献
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Jeff De La Beaujardière 《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2016,12(1):5-27
The United States’ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operates over one hundred observing systems and numerical models providing information and forecasts about the planetary environment from the bottom of the ocean to the surface of the Sun. Collected NOAA data constitute an irreplaceable resource that must be well-documented, discoverable, accessible, and preserved for future use. Good data management should therefore be part of NOAA's core business practices, and employees and leadership should be aware of their roles and responsibilities in this arena. NOAA has developed an Environmental Data Management (EDM) Framework document that discusses Principles, Governance, Resources, Standards, Architecture, Assessment, and the Data Lifecycle, and which also enumerates specific recommendations. The NOAA EDM Committee has issued Directives pertaining to data management planning, archiving, data access, metadata, and other topics. A Data Catalog has been established, and a project to assign persistent, citable identifiers to archival data is well underway. Numerous groups at NOAA are performing technical work related to data access, usability, and preservation.The purpose of this article is to describe these documents and activities in order to share our experiences and to provide guidance and encouragement for improved data management practices and processes at other organizations. 相似文献
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ARTHUR P. MOLELLA 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1999,42(2):108-116
The simmering controversy over the Smithsonian's Science in American Life exhibition that led to the ensuing visitor study by the Institutional Studies Office is reexamined in terms of issues of American identity. A brief historical overview reveals that, for most of the twentieth century, the American scientific community received enthusiastic public support for its perceived service to national goals and ideals. In the past decade, however, after experiencing unexpected budget cuts to research, scientists have questioned the depth of that public support in what has become known as the Science Wars. Science in American Life was soon engulfed by that broader, often acrimonious debate about science and society which involved notions of pure and applied science. The role of American identity in the dispute over the exhibit is analyzed in terms of scientists' criticisms of three of the exhibition's case studies. 相似文献
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基于用户调查的高校科学数据管理需求分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对武汉11所高校科研人员的问卷调查,从高校产生的科学数据的特征、用户对科学数据的认知与观念、管理科学数据的行为以及对科学数据管理服务的期望4个方面,对高校科学数据管理需求进行分析与研究。在此基础上,提出高校图书馆进行科学数据管理的对策:加大科学数据管理的宣传力度,增强科研管理部门及用户的科学数据管理意识,为推行科学数据管理奠定基础;探索适宜的科学数据合作模式,与科研管理部门和IT部门建立合作关系, 共同推动科学数据管理的发展;邀请用户全程参与科学数据管理项目,充分了解用户对科学数据管理的需求,提供真正符合用户需要的数据管理服务;尽快培养优秀的科学数据管理人才。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]以UKDA和ICPSR这两个社科类数据发布平台作为研究对象,分析其数据管理功能,为我国社科类数据发布平台的建设提供借鉴。[方法/过程]采用网站调研法,从数据采集、数据组织、数据检索以及数据使用等方面入手,剖析UKDA和ICPSR发展现状,并对比分析其数据管理功能。[结果/结论]我国可从以下4个方面加强社科类数据发布平台的建设：①拓宽采集数据的途径,密切与政府机构的合作;②设置数据存储的专门类目,明确存储具体要求;③提供多种检索策略,细化检索结果的筛选项;④以多种方式为用户提供数据使用指导,明确数据引用要求。 相似文献
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Libraries are looking for a better way to encode and share their data. Christensen's disruptive technologies theory provides a framework for evaluating linked data and thinking about future uses of library technology. Because of its lack of use and technical weaknesses, linked data is not yet poised to emerge as a disruptive innovation. It has the potential, however, to become disruptive and should be explored first in spin-offs that supplement library data or provide access to other electronic content. Library systems under development should focus on remaining nimble and open to unforeseen future technologies and uses. 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 数据管护是数字化时代企业信息资源管理的重要实践领域,不仅包含数据的归档与保存职能,更强调对数据的复用,结合具体业务情境探讨数据管护的角色定位,具有理论与实践双重意义。[方法/过程] 结合数据管护、数据治理相关理论和模型,运用个案研究方法描述NSR的科研数据管护过程,基于业务流程抽取数据点、分析数据管护相关角色定位及其关联关系。[结果/结论] 针对企业科研管理具体情境,数据治理利益相关者并非全部参与数据管护。科研数据管护过程中数据主管、数据管家、数据运维人等主体分别扮演不同角色,有必要参照数据管护需求对现有科研经理角色进一步细分。 相似文献
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Leanne Trimble Cheryl Woods Francine Berish Daniel Jakubek Sarah Simpkin 《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2015,11(3):330-358
The Ontario Council of University Libraries (OCUL) is a consortium of the twenty-one university libraries in Ontario, Canada. Since 1967, OCUL member institutions have worked together to share costs and workload through collective purchasing and licensing of information resources and more recently through the establishment of a shared digital infrastructure known as Scholars Portal. Under the auspices of OCUL, Ontario's university map librarians formed the OCUL Map Group in 1973 to seek opportunities to communicate and collaborate to improve the collections and services they offer their users. The opportunities provided by collaboration have ensured a greater capacity to manage evolving collections of geospatial data. The group has served as a community of practice, which has provided educational opportunities and facilitated collaborative problem solving through a listserv, conference calls, and face-to-face meetings. This collegial environment has also led to the completion of a number of projects, which have resulted in the creation of new technical infrastructures and strategies for sharing the workload of data management tasks. This paper discusses the role of collaboration in OCUL projects and offers some suggestions for others considering embarking on collaborations of their own. 相似文献