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BACKGROUND: EUROETHICS is a database covering European literature on ethics in medicine. It is produced within Eurethnet, a European information network on ethics in medicine and biotechnology. OBJECTIVES: The aim of Euroethics is to disseminate information on European bioethical literature that may otherwise be difficult to find. METHODS: A collaboration model for pooling data from different centres was developed. The policy was to accomplish data uniformity, while still allowing for local differences in terms of software, indexing practices and resources. Records contributed to the database follow common standards in terms of data fields and indexing terms. The indexing terms derive from two thesauri, Thesaurus Ethics in the Life Sciences (TELS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Combining elements from search tools developed previously, the developers sought to find a technical solution optimized for this data model. An approach relying on a thesaurus database that is loaded along with the bibliographic database is described. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The present case study offers examples of possible approaches to several tasks often encountered in database development, such as: merging data from diverse sources, getting the most out of indexing terms used in a database, and handling more than one thesaurus in the same system. 相似文献
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数据驱动下,与日俱增的电子政务信息资源愈发表现出多源异构的特性,基于大规模语料设计一套电子政务领域内中文术语深度层次关系的自动化识别方案,不仅有利于从内容与结构层面弥补人工构建领域词表的不足,且对于我国政务信息资源的开放共享与后续应用更具有重大现实意义。因此,本文分别基于内容与结构双重视角识别电子政务主题词表内术语间的深层关联,通过谱聚类生成的基于内容的层次关系为初步框架,凭借形式概念分析生成的基于结构的层次关系为后期修正指导,以期构成兼顾关联术语召回率与准确率的电子政务领域术语本体。研究结果显示,电子政务术语本体的层次结构合理有效,且术语层次关系的评价结果表明知识本体具备良好的扩展性和延伸性。 相似文献
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Hierarchically structured thesauri--including MeSH--were studied to test the assumption of an inverse relationship between term specificity and the number of postings in online databases. It was suggested that this assumption holds only for peripheral terms and that the opposite is true for the central terms of a discipline. The Environment tree structure of MeSH was used to test the "peripheral" hypothesis, which was supported at a .05 level of significance, but the scattergram on the Endocrine Diseases tree, which was run to test the "central" hypothesis, had an even better level, .02. The commonly held belief that specific terms are added to a thesaurus when more general ones get too many postings was also tested. The relationship between specificity and dates was supported in MeSH (.015). The corollary--that terms with later dates have fewer postings--was supported at a .001 level of significance. The results for MeSH were much more significant than for other hierarchically structured thesauri, which indicates that thesaurus development at NLM involves interaction with MEDLINE to preclude an excessive number of postings to any one term. 相似文献
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Considering the fact that authorship order plays such a significant role as a basis for scientific merit, this paper looks into the practices of authorship order from a research ethical perspective. We conclude that there is a wide variety of practices and no common understanding of what the different authorship positions signify. Authorship guidelines do not provide much help. We recognize that, regardless of what system for valuing authorship positions is used, it will be misleading and unfair in most applications because relative contributions vary in ways that are not captured by fixed value assignments to authorship positions. In theory, assigning percentage figures reflecting the relative contributions of the authors would solve that problem, but we argue that such a scheme is not likely to work in practice. It can also be questioned whether relative, rather than absolute, contributions should be the basis for scientific merit. Contributorship is discussed as an alternative, but is recognized to be insufficient both in communicating absolute and relative contributions, as standardly used. However, there may be a way forward with contributorship, but then, the level of detail needs to increase considerably and its application be standardized. 相似文献
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多学科交叉稿件的出现对科技期刊编辑遴选“小同行”审稿人提出新的挑战,仅依据一级学科选择审稿专家将难以满足精准审稿的需求。本文以图像处理这一多学科交叉研究方向为例,从专家与稿件研究方向匹配度的角度出发,通过详细阐述稿件送审实例,总结归纳多学科交叉稿件的送审技巧,包括:查作者信息、查参考文献、通读来稿全文内容、借助送审工作总结库、间接途径匹配专家、多送2个多学科专家,并提出送审前的准备工作,如梳理学科框架、及时做好已送审稿件的归纳总结、要求作者标出所涉及细分学科方向等,以供同行参考。 相似文献
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《Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian》2013,32(2-3):1-19
Certain characteristics of the journal literature of sociology were studied for what they would reveal about the structure of research in the discipline. Articles in three key sociology journals for the years 1968 and 1978 were examined for the kinds of data used to forward their research hypotheses or principal theses. A significant difference is found between categories of data used in 1968 and 1978 articles. The trend is toward greater proportions of studies which use numerical or other statistically manipulatable data. Other aspects examined by the study include: when data were collected in relation to a study's being published, which kinds of studies have received funding, which kinds of studies have single rather than multiple authorship, and which kinds of studies tend to be the subject of papers read at professional meetings. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for libraries. 相似文献
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A thesaurus has been developed to serve as the integrating unit for the computerized information storage and retrieval system of the Vision Information Center. The Center maintains records of information in the visual sciences which are available to the user in the forms of computer-assisted instruction, literature retrieval, and patient records. The numerical coding system used in the thesaurus permits seven levels of specificity; this specificity is required for depth of indexing, as well as to limit the retrieval to those bibliographic citations which are relevant to a highly specific search request. The flexible design of the thesaurus facilitates frequent revision and addition of new terminology. 相似文献
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Fikar CR 《Medical reference services quarterly》2003,22(4):13-19
This paper discusses concepts and terminology of some aspects of the autoimmune and rheumatic disorders as related to medical reference work. Details of anatomic, biochemical, and pathologic processes are not discussed. Knowledge of the specific terminology involved in this area may help to ensure a good approach to developing prudent strategies for database searching of the medical literature and, therefore, is reviewed. MeSH thesaurus terms are shown and textword synonyms are presented that provide tools for thorough searching techniques. Commonly used medical jargon as well as older terminology for this area is also explained. Examples of specific search strategies are illustrated. 相似文献
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我国主题词表的发展研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在统计分析我国至今为止编制出版的130部主题词表的基础上,从词表起源、年代分布、专业领域分布、词表规模、编制标准等方面对我国现有的主题词表的发展历程进行评述,并对我国主题词表的发展阶段划分进行重新界定。下载从1980年到2005年有关主题词表研究的文献1000篇,从文献数量和研究内容两个方面,对这一时期主题词表理论研究进行评述,从而反映我国主题词表研究的特点及发展方向。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]社交媒体下非正式学术交流逐渐成为学者们学术交流的又一新天地，探索社交媒体下具有综合交叉学科性质的图书情报领域的跨学科特性，可以作为传统学术交流研究的一个补充与参考。[方法/过程]以科学网博客为代表，从用户好友关系、评论关系及推荐关系三个角度构造学科亲缘树，然后借用亲缘树的多样性指标分析了图书情报的跨学科特性。[结果/结论]通过本文研究，发现图情领域用户学科亲缘树与好友学科亲缘树之间存在强相关性，推荐对象的学科亲缘树与评论对象的亲缘树存在极强相关性；此外，本文还发现"计算机科学""管理科学与工程""宏观管理与政策"是社交媒体上图情领域用户最亲缘学科。 相似文献
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《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2013,51(2):75-98
ABSTRACT This proposed new classification scheme is based on two main elements: hierarchism and binary theory. Hence, it is called Universal Binary Classification (UBC). Some advantages of this classification are highlighted including subject heading development, construction of a thesaurus, and all terms with meaningful features arranged in tabular form that can help researchers, through a semantic process, to find what they need. This classification scheme is fully consistent with the classification of knowledge. The classification of knowledge is also based on hierarchism and binary principle. Finally, a survey on randomly selected books in McLennan Library of McGill University is presented to compare the codes of this new classification with the currently employed Library of Congress Classification (LCC) numbers in the discipline of Library and Information Sciences. 相似文献
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Abstract as a promotional genre has been an increasing interest in recent years, leading to an intriguing debate on the objectivity of scientific writing. The present study investigated the promotion and caution in research article abstracts through the use of positive, negative and hedge words across disciplines and rankings based on a large and principled dataset (more than 12.6 million words). The corpus was designed and built with full consideration of representativeness, structure, balance, and size in terms of discipline and ranking. The results showed that positive words were more frequently used than negative words in terms of both discipline and ranking, positive and negative words were more frequently used in hard sciences than those in soft sciences and high ranking journals than those in low ranking journals, and hedge words were more frequently used in high ranking journals and soft sciences. Further investigation also found a complexity of frequency patterns when two disciplines were broken down into specific categories. The more frequent use of positive words in abstracts to promote scientific research was discussed from the perspective of disciplinary knowledge construction in addition to the publication bias, the outcome reporting bias, and universal linguistic positivity bias. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]以威斯康辛麦迪逊分校的跨学科项目为案例，从信息学的视角分析跨学科团队成员信息交流的规律及影响因素，揭示跨学科团队的机构合作和学科合作规律，为研究同类跨学科团队问题、促进跨学科团队建设和跨学科合作提供参考和借鉴。[方法/过程]获取案例中跨学科团队成员信息交流次数、成员的机构和学科等一手数据，采用统计学方法分析信息交流次数对团队成员合作的影响，采用复杂网络分析技术分析机构合作和学科合作规律。[结果/结论]信息交流对团队合作具有显著性影响，团队成员数并不是影响团队沟通次数的唯一关键因素，还受到学科跨度、研究内容复杂程度的影响，提出完善信息联系人制度，建立有效的跨学科研究实体机构，合理配置团队成员的学科比例。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 在信息超载的背景下,文献量逐步攀升,借鉴生态学思想探讨文献环境下概念的稳定性规律,为叙词表编制提供跨学科视角的理论依据。[方法/过程] 以生态位法则为基础,将文献环境模拟生态环境,物种对应概念,环境对应文献,统计文献中概念的数量,考察文献中概念含义,验证生态位法则在知识系统下的适用性,提出生态位法则下的概念稳定变化规律。[结果/结论] 知识系统下的文献概念遵循着生态学思想,同一领域下文献的一个主题对应一个概念,概念的数量保持稳定,概念含义趋向于一词一义,知识系统下概念的数量与含义均符合生态位法则。 相似文献
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Hamid R. Jamali David Nicholas Anthony Watkinson Abdullah Abrizah Blanca Rodríguez‐Bravo Cherifa Boukacem‐Zeghmouri Jie Xu Tatiana Polezhaeva Eti Herman Marzena
wigon 《Learned Publishing》2020,33(2):142-152
This article reports on the findings of an international online survey of early career researchers (ECRs) with regard to their authorship and peer review, attitudes, and practices, which sought to discover how the new wave of researchers were utilizing these key aspects of the scholarly communications system. A questionnaire was developed on the back of a 3‐year longitudinal, qualitative study and was distributed through publisher lists, social media networks, university networks, and specialist ECR membership organizations. Identical English, Polish, Russian, Chinese, Spanish, and French versions of the questionnaire were used. Results from 1,600 respondents demonstrated that 82.7% had co‐authored a paper, and most had performed a variety of authorship tasks. Almost half the respondents reported being subject to various authorship policies, although a quarter said they were not aware of any such policies. Almost all Chinese ECRs reported being subject to authorship policies, but only a third of UK ECRs reported the same. Three‐quarters of ECRs had experience in responding to peer review, and half had been peer reviewers. Half the respondents had a good experience of review and viewed it as a valuable way to improve their authorship skills. However, there was some criticism of some shortcoming such as lengthy peer review and superficial or uninformed comments by reviewers. Double‐blind review was the preferred methodology, and there were few suggestions for how to improve the review process. 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 针对可视化背景下科学计量学的研究现状,从空间和时间维度出发,梳理当前主要的研究内容,为相关研究提供参考。[方法/过程] 从空间和时间维度提出学科可视化分析,包括学科结构可视化分析和学科演化可视化分析,根据不同文献粒度的选择和分析单元的类型以及研究目的将学科结构的内容主要分为学科合作结构、学科主题结构、学科引文结构、跨学科和学科知识结构,将学科演化的内容主要分为学科合作结构演化、学科主题结构演化、学科知识基础、学科研究前沿和学科预测,并按照学科可视化分析的基本步骤对各部分研究内容展开论述。[结果/结论] 以空间和时间为基本维度并依据学科可视化分析基本步骤为内在主线梳理当前研究是一种新颖有效的视角。 相似文献
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中文电子病历的分词及实体识别研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的/意义]健康医疗大数据是我国重要的基础性战略资源，本研究对中文电子病历分词与实体识别的探讨与实证较好地完成了医疗数据的信息抽取任务，对今后医疗大数据在语义层面的应用发展具有重要意义。[方法/过程]本研究首先融合权威词表、官方标准、健康网站数据及其他医学补充词库构建了词语数量级达到10万的医学词表；然后对电子病历的字段进行分词，对比了jieba工具、导入词典后的jieba、无监督学习及AC自动机4种模型的分词效果；最后，以自动分词和人工标注结果为语料，实现基于条件随机场的电子病历实体识别研究，并比较不同实体类别以及不同文本特征下的实体识别效果，选出最优模板。[结果/结论]分词结果显示，AC自动机的效果最好，F值可达82%；实体识别结果表明，"检查"和"疾病"实体的识别效果最好，而"症状"的识别效果不太理想。 相似文献