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11.
This study investigated the performance of four widely used data-collection designs in detecting test-mode effects (i.e., computer-based versus paper-based testing). The experimental conditions included four data-collection designs, two test-administration modes, and the availability of an anchor assessment. The test-level and item-level results were analyzed with inferential statistics and multidimensional scaling, respectively. The test-level results supported the superiority of the single-group counterbalanced design and the random-groups design over the single-group design without counterbalancing and the anchor test design in the recovery of the actual test-mode effects. Analysis at the item level revealed the presence of a two-dimensional solution, with the data-collection design contributing significant variability over and beyond the test mode. 相似文献
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Zühal Okan 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2003,34(3):255-264
Since the early 1990s interest has surged in developing edutainment software, namely applications that possess the allure of electronic games while achieving educational goals. In the rush to adopt this new seemingly harmless technological fad, both educators and parents overlooked its long-term harmful effects. The aim of this article is to draw attention to these effects, particularly to the inflated expectation in the learners that the process of learning should always be colourful and fun, and that they can acquire information without work and serious study. It argues that what is essential is realizing that education is concerned with the development of cognitive structures and that educational technology is a medium, not a pedagogy that is useful in creating such learning environments. In this context, it may be time to examine critically the educational potential of edutainment software together with the advantages and disadvantages it might bring to the instructional process. The discussion begins, after a brief definition of edutainment, with an understanding of what technology and education entail. Then the discussion broadens to a critique of problems with edutainment drawing on the findings of educational psychology. 相似文献