黄河源区径流变化及其对降水的响应   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

董晓辉  姚治君  陈传友 《资源科学》2007,29(3):67-73

本文研究了黄河源区近50年来的径流、降水的变化规律，并在此基础上分析了两者之间的内在联系，探讨了降水对黄河源区径流变化的影响。结果显示，黄河源区近50年的降水和径流变化规律具有一定的相似性。一方面，20世纪60年代～90年代的平均径流量的总体趋势为“多-少-多-少”，吉迈测站的径流年际波动比较剧烈，玛曲测站年际变化不大，变差系数较小，只有0.09，吉迈、唐乃亥测站的汛期径流量表现为下降趋势，非汛期的径流量表现为上升趋势。另一方面，20世纪60年代～90年代的平均降水量的总体趋势为“丰-缺-丰-缺”，降水年际变化不大，除达日气象站以外，其余5个气象站的降水量按照从上游至下游的顺序逐渐减少，达日、久治、玛曲、河南外斯4个气象站汛期降水表现为下降趋势，非汛期的降水表现为上升趋势。计算区间降水与吉迈、玛曲和唐乃亥水文站相同时段内的径流量的相关系数分别是0.44、0.57和0.67，而且相关系数的大小按照从上游到下游的顺序逐渐增大。  相似文献   

A man on the inside: Unlocking communities as complementary assets     

Linus Dahlander 《Research Policy》2006,35(8):1243-1259

Since Teece's seminal paper explaining who were the gainers from technological innovation, increased globalization and the information and communication technology revolution have brought new ways for firms to organize and appropriate from innovation. A new more open model of innovation suggests that firms can benefit from sources of innovation that stem from outside the firm. The central theme of this paper is how firms try to unlock communities as complementary assets. These communities exist outside firm boundaries beyond ownership or hierarchical control. Because of practices developed by communities to protect their work, firms need to assign individuals to work in these communities in order to gain access to developments and, to an extent, influence the direction of the community. Using network analysis we show that some software firms sponsor individuals to act strategically within a free and open source software (FOSS) community. Firm sponsored individuals interact with more individuals than interact with them, and also they seek to interact with central individuals in the community. However, we can see differences in how individuals interact, depending on whether their affiliation is with a dedicated FOSS firm or an incumbent in the software industry. Apparently, some firm managers believe they need ‘a man on the inside’ to be able to gain access to communities.  相似文献   

煤矿数据集成技术研究与应用     

赵安新  韩臻  郝秦霞 《技术与创新管理》2007,28(5):85-87,94

本文分析了当前煤炭企业信息化水平低,信息孤岛现象严重,应用系统间相互隔离无法协同工作以及更上层次的集成应用更加困难的问题,提出了数据集成的目标,设计了该系统的体系结构,从而解决了不同平台间异构系统互操作以及数据多级综合利用的问题。并结合本系统的体系结构,详述了系统设计流程、实现过程和模式集成示例。  相似文献   

台湾“开放型”科技产业政策研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱斌 《科学学研究》2001,19(1):58-63

本文以台湾“科技导向”的发展战略为脉络 ,分析了“开放型”科技产业政策产生的动因及实施效果 ;剖析了由“开放”转向“紧缩”的弊端 ;对科技产业政策的稳定性与协同性提出了若干浅见。  相似文献   

Copyright or copyleft?: An analysis of property regimes for software development   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Paul B. de Laat   《Research Policy》2005,34(10):1511-1532

Two property regimes for software development may be distinguished. Within corporations, on the one hand, a Private Regime obtains which excludes all outsiders from access to a firm's software assets. It is shown how the protective instruments of secrecy and both copyright and patent have been strengthened considerably during the last two decades. On the other, a Public Regime among hackers may be distinguished, initiated by individuals, organizations or firms, in which source code is freely exchanged. It is argued that copyright is put to novel use here: claiming their rights, authors write ‘open source licenses’ that allow public usage of the code, while at the same time regulating the inclusion of users. A ‘regulated commons’ is created. The analysis focuses successively on the most important open source licenses to emerge, the problem of possible incompatibility between them (especially as far as the dominant General Public License is concerned), and the fragmentation into several user communities that may result.  相似文献   

日本公共图书馆地方文献信息(历史照片数据)公开和信息公开化的现状与课题     

三浦宽二 《图书馆杂志》2020,(3):133-137,156

本文就日本公共图书馆对历史照片、历史文献等人文资源的收集、保存、公开和信息公开化的情况与课题,研讨公共图书馆馆藏资料的电子化和信息公开化的必要性以及未来。迄今为止,日本公共图书馆的主要资料是纸质书籍。大部分公共图书馆尚未对图书馆资料进行电子化,而且也没有采购电子化资料。但是在公共图书馆收集的资料当中,尤其是对地方文献信息进行系统性收集、保存、公开和传承,是日本图书馆法对公共图书馆规定的主要任务之一。在这一点上,中国公共图书馆法也是一样的。保存、公开地方文献最合适的办法是电子化。所以地方文献信息必须要考虑电子化和在网络上公开。另外,在对照片资料进行电子化时除了照片本身,还应该对照片信息(照片年代、拍摄地点、照片内容等)进行登记。但是目前日本公共图书馆在公开历史照片时,对这些内容尚无统一规定。在此,我将介绍日本公共图书馆在历史照片、历史文献的电子化和信息公开化方面的现状,并探讨相关课题,以及对公共图书馆关于数字人文学进行展望。  相似文献   

科研人员流动中的性别差异研究     

张宁  赵镇岳  李江 《图书情报知识》2020,(2):24-31

[目的/意义]科研人员已成为知识经济时代重要的人才要素,其在全球范围内的流动关乎各国人才战略。分析科研人员流动的性别差异,有助于更好地了解流动模式,同时有利于国家人才引进机制的完善。[研究设计/方法]在分析流动频次、回流倾向、流动时期选择的性别差异基础上,提出三个研究假设,根据假设提取并分析了ORCID数据库中截止2017年底的有跨国流动经历的26,315位科研人员简历。[结论/发现]①科研人员在流动频次上具有显著的性别差异,女性科研人员的流动频次少于男性;当流动次数增加时,对应人员比例降低;②在回流倾向上,女性与男性并无显著差异,英国的男性和西班牙的女性最倾向于回流;③科研人员在流动时期的选择上无显著的性别差异,男女均在职业生涯早期流动更多。[创新/价值]揭示了男女科研人员在流动中的不同倾向,为进一步探讨不同背景和条件下的差异现象及本质并寻求解决方法奠定了基础。  相似文献   

国外高校图书馆学术出版数字化转型路径研究     

谭若诗 《新世纪图书馆》2020,(2):66-70

近年来,为应对学术出版数字化变革引发的学术资源垄断和用户需求变化,国外的高校图书馆已经投入到学术出版数字化活动中去,并积累了丰富的技术经验,成为了关键参与者。本文以《图书馆出版名录》为参考进行数据统计分析,分别从内容收集、内容存储、开放存取和出版平台等方面展示国外高校图书馆学术出版数字化转型路径,并提出我国高校图书馆可以从利用高校资源、谋求合作伙伴、支持开放存取、合理选择保存系统和出版平台等方面进行学术出版数字化实践。  相似文献   

Open Source software in US higher education: Reality or illusion?     

Shahron Williams van Rooij 《Education and Information Technologies》2007,12(4):191-209

As institutions of Higher Education try to balance limited resources with the rising costs of technology, some institutions are turning to Open Source software for campus-wide applications such as course management systems and portals. The assumption is that Open Source will provide the flexibility to build pedagogically sound learning environments while increasing technology efficiencies. This paper outlines the current state of Open Source software deployment in US Higher Education based on a survey of 772 Chief Academic Officers and Chief Information Officers conducted in 2006. The results indicate that Carnegie classification is a critical differentiator of awareness, adoption, and perceptions of Open Source software applications, with perceived cost of ownership being the key driver of Open Source adoption. Moreover, the study shows that institutions have made little progress in the development of polices and procedures for Open Source regulatory compliance and security. The study serves as a baseline for future research into the conditions for successful use of Open Source for supporting integrated learning environments that deliver campus-wide efficiencies.

Shahron Williams van RooijEmail:

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Shahron Williams van Rooij   is Assistant Professor of Instructional Technology at George Mason University with a focus on the university’s e-Learning Certificate Program. She holds a Ph.D. in Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences from the City University of New York and has just completed a second doctorate in Instructional Technology and Software Information Systems at George Mason University. As a Certified Distance Education Professional (C.D.E.P.) credentialed by Texas A&M University, she is a frequent speaker on the development of Web-based education and has published in a variety of journals such as the WebNet Journal, the Journal of Interactive Learning Research, the Journal of Modern Business, the Marketing Research Review and the Journal of Research on Technology in Education. Prior to joining GMU, she was the Director of Marketing at Datatel, Inc., in Fairfax, VA, where she facilitated the engineering of new e-learning technology solutions.  相似文献   

洪秀全妇女思想之"耶儒合流"——以"一言两书"为例     

廖胜  王晓南 《绵阳师范学院学报》2007,26(6):90-98

《劝世良言》、《钦定旧遗诏圣书》和《钦定前遗诏圣书》对洪秀全思想影响巨大,洪秀全"男女平等"思想、禁止奸淫妇女和反对淫乱思想、"为妇之道"思想、多妻制思想、对待女奴婢的思想以及妇女贞节观皆同这三本书有着直接的渊源关系,它们是洪秀全"耶儒合流"思想的主要来源.但从实质上看,洪秀全的妇女观仍然是中国传统的封建伦理道德观,而且在西方上帝的宗教招牌下有过之而无不及.洪秀全不可能具有男女平等的思想.  相似文献