Habitual physical activity levels and sedentary time of children in different childcare arrangements from a nationally representative sample of Canadian preschoolers     

Julie Statler  Piotr Wilk  Brian W. Timmons  Rachel Colley  Patricia Tucker 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(6):657-663

BackgroundChildren spend substantial time in childcare, and the reasons parents choose a particular childcare type may differ by family. However, little is known about how childcare type influences habitual (full day) activity levels among children. Therefore, exploring patterns between childcare type and habitual physical activity (PA) (i.e., light, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and total PA) and sedentary time (ST) in young Canadian children is needed.MethodsA nationally representative sample of preschoolers from Cycles 3 and 4 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey was used in this cross-sectional study. Childcare type (e.g., center-based childcare, home-based childcare, home with parent, kindergarten) was reported by parents. Preschoolers wore an Actical accelerometer for 7 days. Device and population-spcific cut-points were applied to delineate PA intensities and ST. Population means and sample totals were calculated to examine average daily and hourly rates of activity.ResultsPreschoolers’ rates of MVPA and total PA from the 4 childcare arrangements ranged from 65.99 min/day to 74.62 min/day (5.48–6.18 min/h) and 274.20 min/day to 281.66 min/day 22.69–23.21 min/h), respectively, while ST ranged from 443.13 min/day to 460.57 min/day (36.80–37.31 min/h). No significant differences were observed in daily or hourly rates of activity.ConclusionThis study provides a snapshot of the levels of PA and ST among preschoolers in various childcare settings at a national level, with no differences observed in habitual activity levels based on childcare enrollment. Additional research is needed to clarify the relationship between young children's PA and childcare type, with consideration given to the quality of the childcare settings.  相似文献   

Low fundamental movement skill proficiency is associated with high BMI and body fatness in girls but not boys aged 6–11 years old     

Michael J. Duncan  Elizabeth Bryant  David Stodden 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(21):2135-2141

This study examined differences in children’s body mass index (BMI) and body fatness (BF%) as a function of gender and fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency. Following ethics approval and parental consent, 248, 6–11 year-old children (112 boys, 136 girls) underwent assessment of 7 FMS: sprint run, side gallop, hop, kick, catch, throw and vertical jump. FMS tertiles (“high”, “medium” or “low” FMS) were created based on the summed components of the FMS. Skinfold measures were used to calculate BF%. Physical activity (PA) was assessed using pedometry and maturation predicted using anthropometry. Data were analysed using a 2 (Gender) × 3 (FMS tertile) ways analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for age, maturation and PA. Age (P = .001) and maturation (P = .006) were associated with BMI. Girls classified as high FMS proficiency had significantly lower BMI compared to girls with low and medium FMS proficiency. Age (P = .0001) and maturation (P = .007) were associated with BF%. BF% was also higher for girls with low FMS compared to those with medium and high FMS. BF% and BMI were not different across FMS tertile in boys. Such findings suggest focusing on FMS may be especially important for healthy weight, particularly in girls.  相似文献   

Effects of different physical education programmes on children’s skill- and health-related outcomes: a pilot randomised controlled trial     

Maria Chiara Gallotta  Gian Pietro Emerenziani  Sara Iazzoni  Luigi Iasevoli  Laura Guidetti 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(15):1547-1555

Aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two different 5-month physical education (PE) interventions conducted by a specialist PE teacher on primary school children’s skill- and health-related outcomes. About 230 children were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: experimental_1 group, experimental_2 group or control group (school curriculum given by the generalist teacher). Pre- and post-intervention tests assessed pupils’ fitness (pacer, curl-up, push-up, trunk lift, sit and reach tests) and gross motor coordination (shifting platforms, balance beam, jumping laterally, hopping on one leg over an obstacle tests). Both experimental groups significantly improved some fitness and coordinative tests after the intervention period when compared with control group. However, no differential changes on coordinative development were observed between the 2 experimental groups. Results of this study demonstrated that children benefitted from a well-structured PE intervention conducted and supervised by a specialist PE teacher improving their motor skills and fitness.  相似文献   

收缩引起骨骼肌细胞活性氧、IL-6含量及其基因表达的变化     

邱国荣  徐晓阳  谢敏豪 《体育科学》2009,29(11)

目的:利用培养的C2C12作为细胞模型,研究骨骼肌在电刺激强度相同,时间不同的情况下产生的活性氧与肌源性IL-6含量及其基因表达之间的关系.方法:以小鼠骨骼肌肌母细胞(C2C12)为研究对象,分为电刺激组和对照组.测定不同刺激时间C2C12肌管内活性氧(ROS)、IL-6mRNA表达以及C2C12肌管上清液中IL-6的含量.结果:1)电刺激各组的ROS、IL-6含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),峰值分别出现在刺激75 min和120 min;2)IL-6mRNA表达仅在刺激75 man和120 min时明显增加(P<0.05);3)各指标随电刺激时间的增加都有先增加,然后下降,至刺激90 min时达低谷的变化规律,且ROS、IL-6含量在刺激90 min时虽明显高于对照组(P<0.05),却明显低于其他各刺激组(P<0.05).结论:1)C2C12肌管在电刺激下产生的IL-6浓度变化及IL-6mRNA表达均呈"双峰曲线",说明电刺激引起肌管IL-6蛋白变化可能与其基因转录的变化有关;2)电刺激引C2C12肌管产生的活性氧与肌管IL-6蛋白含量和基因表达的变化规律一致,说明电刺激骨骼肌细胞收缩引起的活性氧的产生可能是肌源性IL-6产生和释放的调节因素之一.  相似文献   

Slowed driving-reaction time following concussion-symptom resolution     

Landon B. Lempke  Robert C. Lynall  Nicole L. Hoffman  Hannes Devos  Julianne D. Schmidt 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(2):145

Background: Concussed patients have impaired reaction time (RT) and cognition following injury that may linger and impair driving performance. Limited research has used direct methods to assess driving-RT post-concussion. Our study compared driving RT during simulated scenarios between concussed and control individuals and examined driving-RT''s relationship with traditional computerized neurocognitive testing (CNT) domains.MethodsWe employed a cross-sectional study among 14 concussed (15.9 ± 9.8 days post-concussion, mean ± SD) individuals and 14 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and driving experience. Participants completed a driving simulator and CNT (CNS Vital Signs) assessment within 48 h of symptom resolution. A driving-RT composite (ms) was derived from 3 simulated driving scenarios: stoplight (green to yellow), evasion (avoiding approaching vehicle), and pedestrian (person running in front of vehicle). The CNT domains included verbal and visual memory; CNT-RT (simple-, complex-, Stroop-RT individually); simple and complex attention; motor, psychomotor, and processing speed; executive function; and cognitive flexibility. Independent t tests and Hedge d effect sizes assessed driving-RT differences between groups, Pearson correlations (r) examined driving RT and CNT domain relationships among cohorts separately, and p values were controlled for false discovery rate via Benjamini-Hochberg procedures (α = 0.05).ResultsConcussed participants demonstrated slower driving-RT composite scores than controls (mean difference = 292.86 ms; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 70.18–515.54; p = 0.023; d = 0.992). Evasion-RT (p = 0.054; d = 0.806), pedestrian-RT (p = 0.258; d = 0.312), and stoplight-RT (p = 0.292; d = 0.585) outcomes were not statistically significant after false-discovery rate corrections but demonstrated medium to large effect sizes for concussed deficits. Among concussed individuals, driving-RT outcomes did not significantly correlate with CNT domains (r-range: –0.51 to 0.55; p > 0.05). No correlations existed between driving-RT outcomes and CNT domains among control participants either (r-range: –0.52 to 0.72; p > 0.05).ConclusionSlowed driving-RT composite scores and large effect sizes among concussed individuals when asymptomatic signify lingering impairment and raise driving-safety concerns. Driving-RT and CNT-RT measures correlated moderately but not statistically, which indicates that CNT-RT is not an optimal surrogate for driving RT.  相似文献   

Multidimensional joint coupling: a case study visualisation approach to movement coordination and variability     

Gareth Irwin  David G. Kerwin  Genevieve Williams  Richard E. A. Van Emmerik  Karl M. Newell  Joseph Hamill 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(3):322-332

Abstract

A case study visualisation approach to examining the coordination and variability of multiple interacting segments is presented using a whole-body gymnastic skill as the task example. One elite male gymnast performed 10 trials of 10 longswings whilst three-dimensional locations of joint centres were tracked using a motion analysis system. Segment angles were used to define coupling between the arms and trunk, trunk and thighs and thighs and shanks. Rectified continuous relative phase profiles for each interacting couple for 80 longswings were produced. Graphical representations of coordination couplings are presented that include the traditional single coupling, followed by the relational dynamics of two couplings and finally three couplings simultaneously plotted. This method highlights the power of visualisation of movement dynamics and identifies properties of the global interacting segmental couplings that a more formal analysis may not reveal. Visualisation precedes and informs the appropriate qualitative and quantitative analysis of the dynamics.  相似文献   

中学生体质健康状况调查与分析——以武威第六中学为例     

刘晓虎 《科教导刊》2021,(3):191-192

本文通过运用文献资料法、调查法、数理统计法以及访谈法在内的一系列科学研究方法,对武威第六中学2018级应届毕业生高中三年的体质健康测定数据进行整理和分析.结合访谈及实地调查的情况对学生体质现状进行梳理,分析影响学生体质健康的因素,并给予发展.  相似文献   

拉萨市4—6岁幼儿词汇水平发展现状及培养对策     

唐蜜  魏晓波  肖倩  李帛彧 《教育教学论坛》2020,(8):81-82

为了解拉萨市4—6岁幼儿词汇水平的发展现状,采用测验法对拉萨市4所幼儿园475名幼儿进行调查。调查发现,拉萨市4—6岁幼儿词汇水平处于中等水平,幼儿词汇学习的主动性不强,词汇创造水平较低,词性区分较薄弱。根据存在的问题提出了相关培养建议。  相似文献   

Influence of Adiposity and Maturation on the Motor Performance of Girls Aged 8 to 16 Years     

Christine E. Pacewicz  Karin A. Pfeiffer  Amy K. Nuttall  Crystal F. Branta  John L. Haubenstricker  Vern Seefeldt 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2021,25(1):66-77

ABSTRACT

Excess adipose tissue may impact the motor performance of youth. Therefore, the current study examined (a) if adiposityinfluenced performance in the jump and reach and 30-yard dash and (b) if maturation predicted motor performance. Participants (N = 267) included girls aged 8 to 16 years. Latent growth curves were used to assess changes in motor performance. Sum of skinfolds predicted jump and reach performance from age 8.5 to 10.5 years, 11.5–12.0 years, 13.0 years, and from age 14 to 14.5 years (b = ?0.013 to 0.051, p < 0.05). Sum of skinfolds predicted 30-yard dash performance from age 8.5 to 14.0 years and at age 15.5 years (b = 0.003 to 0.005, p < 0.05). Maturation did not predict performance. Future research should examine determinants that explain the link between adiposity and motor performance.  相似文献   

商务英语专业学生基础阶段面临的问题及研究对策--CBI的实证研究     

田芬 《湖北第二师范学院学报》2014,(9)

CBI是一种将教学内容依托在语言形式上进行二语或外语教学的教学方法。它不是围绕语言大纲或其他形式的大纲组织教学，而是围绕着学生即将学习的内容或信息组织教学。其目的不仅是对教学内容进行传输，更重要的是在二语/外语学习过程中，对学习者语言技能加以训练，培养他们正确使用语言进行交流的能力。  相似文献