Benchmarking oral reading fluency in the early grades in Nguni languages     

《International Journal of Educational Development》2021

To prevent children from falling behind in the developmental sequence of reading, a shared vision of what reading success looks like is required. This paper provides the first benchmarks for early grade oral reading fluency that are necessary (albeit not sufficient) to read for meaning in three Nguni languages – isiZulu, isiXhosa and Siswati - belonging to the Southern Bantu family of African languages. In contrast with previous benchmarking methodologies, our approach is informed by a non-parametric analysis of longitudinal early grade reading assessment (EGRA) data, guided by reading development theory. The EGRA-type data used for this analysis is the largest compilation of data on early grade fluency in these languages, with comparative assessments for nearly 14,200 children. Analysing empirical regularities and reading trajectories, we identify a lower fluency threshold of 20 correct words per minute (cwpm) and an upper fluency benchmark of 35 cwpm for the early grades. These benchmarks contribute to guiding curriculum policy, provide specificity to improve tracking of literacy progress and address gaps in the literature on reading in African languages.  相似文献   

The hidden depths of new word knowledge: Using graded measures of orthographic and semantic learning to measure vocabulary acquisition     

《Learning and Instruction》2021

We investigated whether the presence of orthography promotes new word learning (orthographic facilitation). In Study 1 (N = 41) and Study 2 (N = 74), children were taught 16 unknown polysyllabic words. Half of the words appeared with orthography present and half without orthography. Learning assessments captured the degree of semantic and orthographic learning; they were administered one week after teaching (Studies 1 and 2), and, unusually, eight months later (Study 1 only). Bayesian analyses indicated that the presence of orthography was associated with more word learning, though this effect was estimated with more certainty for orthographic than semantic learning. Newly learned word knowledge was well retained over time, indicating that our paradigm was sufficient to support long-term learning. Our approach provides an example of how word learning studies can look beyond simple accuracy measures to reveal the cumulative nature of lexical learning.  相似文献   

武当山口头文学与白莲教     

柯尊勇 《郧阳师范高等专科学校学报》2003,23(5):25-27,77

运用文献考证与田野调查相结合的方法，考察武当山口头文学中白莲教起义的流传轨迹，从对比分析中，了解其传承、开发情况，进而提出抢救与保护武当山民间口头文学的紧迫感与重要性。  相似文献   

论神经语言学与英语口语教学     

朱柳敏 《辽宁教育行政学院学报》2008,25(7)

口语表达能力是中国学生一直久攻不下的难题.通过教学,帮助学生提高用英语进行交际的能力是摆在广大英语教师面前的一个迫切需要解决的课题.英语口语教学可以从神经生物学的角度分析情感在外语学习过程中的作用和影响,从神经语言学的角度具体分析影响英语口语表达的因素,并以此为基础进行以需求为目的分层次的英语口语教学.  相似文献   

新形势下高师“教师口语”课程教学现状研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

肖亚丽 《四川教育学院学报》2008,24(2):14-16

“教师口语”是一门教师职业技能训练课。新形势下“教师口语”课程的教学现状不容乐观,在课程地位、内容安排、教材编写、评价体系、教师队伍等方面存在不足。文章分析其中的原因,建议尽快修订现有课程标准、调整教学内容、加强师资队伍建设。  相似文献   

交际能力、交际法与英语口语教学   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

饶晓丽 《湖北广播电视大学学报》2008,28(7):134-135

本研究通过对“交际能力”理论的阐述,分析了将交际法运用于英语口语教学中的可行性,提出了英语口语教学中交际能力的有效培养途径,并得出结论：交际法是英语口语教学中提高学生外语语用能力和交际能力的行之有效的方法。  相似文献   

小学高年级口语交际教学中思维导图的运用     

邹远生 《天津教育》2021,(8):130-131

在小学基础教育阶段的语文学科教学中,口语交际作为人们生活中的必备技能,要有过硬的理解能力与表达能力作为基础,在语文教学中开展口语交际教学,为了提高教学实效可尝试运用思维导图辅助教学。本文将主要针对小学高年级语文口语交际教学当中思维导图的运用策略进行分析,希望能为教育从业者提供参考。  相似文献   

Session - 3 December 19, 2007 Cardiovascular risk markers - II     

Cynthia Jane  A. V. Nerurkar  F. R. Karjodkar 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2007,22(2):114-117

Oral Cancer is one of the five leading sites of cancer in Indian population. The circulating immune complexes were investigated in 100 serum samples of 60 oral cancer patients having different grades of the disease and 40 patients with precancerous lesions obtained from Nair Hospital Dental collage, Mumbai. The results obtained were compared with those of group of 40 healthy blood donors. Elevated levels of Circulating Immune Complexes were observed in oral cancer patients and patients with oral precancerous lesions. 92% positive samples were observed in well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma whereas 100% positive samples were observed in both moderately and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis showed 15% and 90% positivity respectively. Increased level of Circulating Immune complexes in high grade tumor suggest that Circulating Immune complexes is likely to contribute in evaluating the degree of malignancy, but follow up study is needed to draw any conclusion regarding it's prognostic role  相似文献   

Exploring the Potential Role of Chemopreventive Agent,Hesperetin Conjugated Pegylated Gold Nanoparticles in Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Male Wistar Albino Rats     

Krishnan Gokuladhas  Subramaniyan Jayakumar  Balan Rajan  Ramasamy Elamaran  Chengalvarayan Subramani Pramila  Mani Gopikrishnan  Sasivarman Tamilarasi  Thiruvengadam Devaki 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2016,31(2):171-184

Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and is still one of the leading causes of death world wide, due to food additives, alcohol, fungal toxins, air, toxic industrial chemicals, and water pollutants. Chemopreventive drugs play a potential role in liver cancer treatment. Obviously in the production of anticancer drugs, the factors like poor solubility, bioavailability, biocompatibility, limited chemical stability, large amount of dose etc., plays a major role. Against this backdrop, the idea of designing the chemopreventive nature of bio flavanoid hesperetin (HP) drug conjugated with pegylated gold nanoparticles to increasing the solubility, improve bioavailability and enhance the targeting capabilities of the drug during diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced liver cancer in male wistar albino rats. The dose fixation studies and the toxicity of pure HP and HP conjugated gold nanoparticles (Au-mPEG₍₅₀₀₀₎-S-HP) were analysed. After concluded the dose fixation and toxicity studies the experimental design were segregated in six groups for the anticancer analysis of DEN induced HCC for 16 weeks. After the experimental period the body weight, relative liver weight, number of nodules and size of nodules, the levels of tumor markers like CEA, AFP and the level of lipid peroxidation, lipid hydroperoxides and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. The administration of DEN to rats resulted in increased relative liver weight and serum marker enzymes aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. The levels of lipid peroxides elevated (in both serum and tissue) with subsequent decrease in the final body weight and tissue antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidise, and glutathione reductase. HP supplementation (20 mg/kg b.wt) significantly attenuated these alterations, thereby showing potent anticancer effect in liver cancer and the HP loaded gold nanoparticels (Au-mPEG₍₅₀₀₀₎-S-HP) treated animals shows the better treatment than the pure HP due to the solubility of drug, bioavailability and the target drug delivery of the biodegradable polymer. Histological observations were also carried out, which added supports to the chemopreventive action of the pure HP and HP loaded gold nanoparticles (Au-mPEG₍₅₀₀₀₎-S-HP) against DEN induction during liver cancer progression. These findings suggest that HP loaded gold nanoparticels (Au-mPEG₍₅₀₀₀₎-S-HP) shows better efficacy than the pure HP against lipid peroxidation, hepatic cell damage and protects the antioxidant system in DEN induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis.  相似文献   

单克隆抗体MC3用于大肠癌和腺瘤的免疫组织化学研究及其预后意义     

许沈华  冯文华 《科技通报》1992,8(4):244-248

用单克隆抗体MC_3在福尔马林固定的48例大肠癌、31例癌变腺瘤、42例伴有不典型增生腺瘤、40例腺瘤、13例息肉以及48例正常肠粘膜组织切片上用免疫组化(PAP)法检测,结果MC_3相应抗原的表达阳性率分别为93.8％(45/48)、80.65％ (25/31)、47.62％ (20/42)、37.5％(15/40),其阳性率差异有非常显著性(P<0.001).48例正常肠粘膜均为阴性.MC_3在大肠癌组织中的反应程度与患者3年生存率有关,差异有显著意义(P<0.05).MC_3反应强度在高分化肠癌组与中～低分化肠癌组比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05).在绒毛状腺瘤、混合性腺瘤和管状腺瘤中MC_3相应抗原表达阳性率分别为71.4％(25/35)、60.0％(9/15)、41.3(26/63),差异有显著性(p<0.05).绒毛状腺瘤、混合性腺瘤和管状腺瘤其癌变率分别为45.7％(16/35)、13.3％(2/15)、20.6％(13/63),其癌变率比较差异有显著性(P<0.05).  相似文献