从教育新行为主义到神经科学：以认知负荷研究的起源与未来为视角     

理查德·克拉克美  文森特·克拉克美  姜敏译 《现代远程教育研究》2014,(3):52-65

在美国心理学的发展历史上,认知负荷理论的发展长期以来一直受到来自行为主义理论的抑制。行为主义注重强化学习动机和强调学习的简单形式,凸显出越来越明显的研究局限,最终使得新行为主义者利用认知理论来研究复杂的学习问题。认知负荷理论虽然为教学设计与教学实践提供了具体而系统的教学方法,但也存在认知负荷如何测量、相关负荷与外在负荷的来源如何确定的问题。神经科学关于心理负荷与瞳孔放大的研究,以及对监测认知负荷变化的成像方法的研究为解决这些问题提供了思路和实验证据。具体而言．瞳孔放大与血管收缩可以作为心理负荷测量的标准和替代方法;借助于神经科学和生物科学的脑成像方法（如事件相关电位（ERPs）、功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）等）能够揭示大脑工作记忆的基本过程,记录大脑活动的差异,甄别大脑加工活动的模式。在未来,研究者应保持一种开放的心态来看待认知心理学和神经科学在过去与未来取得的进步,并谨慎地应用各种神经科学研究方法来深入地研究作为认知负荷基础的神经和认知机制。我们的最终目标是寻找一个能在认知心理学和神经科学之间架起桥梁的统一理论。  相似文献   

同伴互动的认知神经机制研究分析与未来展望     

王宇  陈晨  杨韵莹  郑娅峰  董艳 《电化教育研究》2022,(2)

同伴互动是人类获取知识的重要途径,揭示其内在学习机制与规律对优化学习策略、提升学习效果具有积极意义。认知神经科学为大脑交互研究提供了基础,打破了以往无法解释互动学习模式的认知黑箱,为多维视角探究同伴互动的内在机制提供了跨学科研究的新路径。研究通过探寻同伴互动的认知科学神经基础与技术应用,揭示出现有研究聚焦于发现或验证单一互动行为的神经指标、复杂互动行为背后人际脑同步指标及其影响因素。已有成果为聚焦以学生为中心的教学实践提供融合生理、心理和行为三者模态数据的有效根据,为教师优化学生协作学习的策略提供科学、精准的依据。最后,作者从数据融合、情境聚焦、设备研发、方法整合等方面对未来研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

基于时频域分析的运动想象脑电信号分类     

YIN Jing-hai  MU Zhen-dong 《江西蓝天学院学报》2007,(3)

人类运动想象会引起脑电信号的变化。基于脑电信号的时频域分析,结合C3、C4电极脑电信号间的相互关系,依据Fisher距离进行特征抽取,运用线性分类器进行分类。从运用到3名受试者的脑电数据中,分类效果因受试者而异,从65.0%到93.1%。  相似文献   

基于EMD和Hilbert变换的脑磁信号特征提取和分类     

王健锋  黄晓霞 《上海海事大学学报》2014,35(3):90-94

为研究通过脑机接口(Brain-Computer Interface,BCI)处理非线性、非稳定性信号问题,针对基于脑磁信号(magnetoencephalography,MEG)的BCI,提出一种基于经验模式分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)和Hilbert变换的MEG特征提取和分类方法.该方法首先对MEG数据进行预处理;其次用EMD和Hilbert变换方法提取特征向量;然后用主成分分析法对提取到的特征向量进行降维处理;最后把处理过的特征向量作为支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)的一个输入向量实现MEG的分类.使用该方法对第4届国际BCI竞赛提供的MEG数据进行分类,实验结果表明可以获得较高的分类准确率.  相似文献   

Redesigning the scaffolding metaphor to suit pupils with Acquired Brain Injury     

Siân A. Rees  David Skidmore 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(4):379-392

This paper extends and develops the metaphor of scaffolding to take account of the specific needs of pupils with an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI), drawing on observational evidence gathered for an empirical enquiry into the learning of pupils with ABI in mainstream classroom conditions. This is an area in which there are few published studies to date. After considering the needs of this particular group of pupils, the development of the scaffolding metaphor is outlined. The use of scaffolding for a group of pupils with ABI is illustrated and the need for modifications discussed, before suggesting the acronym PEDER (Point out, Explain, Demonstrate, Encourage, Repeat) to focus on the particular needs of this group. However, in practice, this acronym has been found to assist a wider group than just pupils with an ABI.  相似文献   

The Influences of Brain Dominance and Biological Sex on Emotional Expressivity,Sensitivity, and Control     

Alan C. Mikkelson  Lisa Farinelli  Angela G. La Valley 《Communication quarterly》2013,61(4):427-446

Nonverbal communication is the primary channel for the communication of emotion. The abilities to express, control, and decode emotions are important social skills. In this study, we investigated the effects of hemispheric brain dominance and sex on emotional social skills, specifically emotional expressivity, sensitivity, and control. Using the measurements of handedness, we classified participants as being standard, mixed, or anomalous dominant. We presumed that hemispheric brain dominance and sex would interact to influence emotional expressivity, sensitivity, and control. Analysis revealed that brain dominance and sex interacted to influence negative emotional expressivity and emotional control. Specifically, mixed dominant (MD) males scored highest in negative emotional expressivity and lowest in emotional control, whereas MD females scored lowest on negative emotional expressivity and second highest on emotional control. In general, MD men and women reported behaviors opposite of traditional sex differences in emotional expression.  相似文献   

关于建立大情报学的思考   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈大辉 《中国图书馆学报》1992,18(1)

The Study object of the great information science is the brain system of man. The content of the study is the structure, the moving mechanism and the integral function of the system. The forming of the great information science does not mean that theories of library science, information science, bibliography, archivistics and publication and distribution lose their value of existence. The forming of the great information science lays a more solid foundation for them. 2 illus. 11 references.  相似文献   

A Preliminary Study of Racialized Brawn and Brain Framing Effects     

Gregory A. Cranmer  Nicholas D. Bowman  Zachary W. Goldman 《Communication Research Reports》2017,34(1):78-83

Extant research has established that racially based brawn and brain frames are common within sports media. Framing theory suggests that these brawn and brain frames should influence audience members’ behaviors and attitudes, but little empirical evidence to support this notion exists. This study used a quasi-experimental design (Frame x Athlete Race) to understand how exposure to sports news articles that emphasize the physical or mental attributes of White and Black athletes may result in audiences’ subsequent observable behaviors or character judgments toward athletes. Results indicated that frames influenced audiences’ behaviors in a simulated environment and attitudes regarding athletes’ mental abilities, whereas athlete race influenced audiences’ attitudes of athletes’ physical abilities. These findings support sports scholars’ assertions about framing effects and underscore the potential dangers of current sports media trends.  相似文献   

Brain natriuretic peptide and optimal management of heart failure     

Li Nan  Wang Jian-an 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2005,6(9):877-884

Aside from the important role of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of heart failure, this biological peptide has proved to be an independent surrogate marker of rehospitalization and death of the fatal disease. Several randomized clinical trials demonstrated that drugs such as beta blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, spironolactone and amiodarone have beneficial effects in decreasing circulating BNP level during the management of chronic heart failure. The optimization of clinical decision-making appeals for a representative surrogate marker for heart failure prognosis. The serial point-of-care assessments of BNP concentration provide a therapeutic goal of clinical multi-therapy and an objective guidance for optimal treatment of heart failure. Nevertheless new questions and problems in this area remain to be clarified. On the basis of current research advances, this article gives an overview of BNP peptide and its property and role in the management of heart failure.  相似文献   

地方高校青年教师流失的原因分析及对策建仪     

周敏 《教育科学论坛》2007,(2B):34-36

青年教师是地方高校的希望和未来，他们的成长和成才对地方高校的可持续发展有着重要作用。因此，如何稳定和提升这支年轻、充满活力和潜力的教师队伍，是一个非常重要的课题。本文通过对地方高校青年教师流失现状、流失原因进行分析，提出了地方高校应对青年教师流失，稳定青年教师队伍的几点建议。  相似文献