高校短跑运动员赛前心理训练的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨衍滔  陆瑞当 《体育科技》1999,(Z1)

短跑是一项高强度的竞技项目。往往百分之一秒之差就决定冠、亚军或决赛权,这对运动员的要求相当高,不但要具备良好的身体素质和技术、技能,而且还要具备良好的心理素质和心理承受能力。就影响高校短跑运动员赛前心理变化的诸因素进行剖析,并提出赛前特殊心理训练的解决方法,供大家参考。  相似文献   

短跑运动的耐力素质机理及影响因素研究     

王明东 《体育科技》2010,31(3):43-46

短跑运动员运动成绩的提高主要取决于专项技术训练和一般身体素质训练的水平,短跑中的耐力素质也十分重要,教练员只有充分认识到耐力素质的重要性,才能更好地制定出科学的训练计划。通过文献资料法和综合分析法,对短跑耐力素质训练的生理机制及影响因素进行了综合论述与分析,以期为短跑的科学训练提供理论依据。  相似文献   

南京市业余体校少年儿童短跑运动员运动损伤的调查与分析     

吴南怡  陆洪付 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(5):95-96,102

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法等方法对南京市业余体校110名少年儿童短跑运动员运动损伤的调查与分析。结果显示：在少儿短跑运动中最易出现损伤的部位为踝、大腿、膝、小腿,损伤类型以关节损伤、肌肉和韧带拉伤、肌肉劳损居多,而这些损伤大多由于准备活动不充分、训练安排不合理、疲劳、技术动作不规范和某方面身体素质差引起的。建议：加强预防的同时强调训练的科学化,正确及时处理损伤并合理安排计划。  相似文献   

短跑途中跑支撑阶段影响水平速度因素的运动学分析          下载免费PDF全文

沈士达  李群 《体育科研》2010,31(6):61-64

运用激光测速系统、运动学分析系统以及多参数同步触发系统,在上海2名优秀短跑运动员的100 m跑训练过程中进行测试,将运动员100 m途中跑支撑阶段的运动学参数与人体运动的水平速度进行同步分析,来揭示短跑运动员100 m途中跑速度的变化规律,讨论和分析短跑运动员100 m途中跑支撑阶段的不同运动学参数的变化与人体速度的关系,为教练员和运动员提高短跑途中跑的速度和改进技术动作提供一定的数据参考和理论依据。  相似文献   

短跑训练对跟腱横截面积和弹性模量的影响     

沈勇伟  张林  刘劲松 《体育学刊》2010,17(1)

通过对短跑运动员和非运动员跟腱横截面积和弹性模量的研究后发现,短跑运动员和非运动员相比,跟腱的横截面积无显著性变化,弹性模量则明显增加,其差异有显著性,表明短跑训练后肌腱能够承受更大的应力可能是通过内部结构的改变而不是通过增粗、肥大来实现的.  相似文献   

现代短跑技术理论对短跑专门性练习的启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

翁宏伟 《体育科学研究》2010,14(4):76-80

通过文献资料法对现代短跑技术理论中途中跑的动力来源、途中跑的屈蹬技术、途中跑的支撑阶段、心理调试在短跑技术训练中的运用、短跑的放松技术进行回顾,总结认为：途中跑中两大腿应以髋为轴进行剪绞—制动;曲蹬时重心应相对放低,着地时间要短;要系统地看待短跑专门性练习。由半高抬小步跑、折叠高摆腿、小车轮跑这三个练习手段按照其固定顺序组成跑的专门性练习组合是比较合理的。  相似文献   

Endurance and sprint benefits of high-intensity and supramaximal interval training     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):304-311

Abstract

This study examined the effect of two different interval training programs–high-intensity interval training (HIT) and supramaximal interval training (SMIT)–on measures of sprint and endurance performance. Physically active individuals (Females: n=32; age 19.3, s=2.2 years; mass 67.6, s=9.1 kg; stature 172.7, s=6.6 cm. Males: n=23; age 20.0, s=2.7 years; mass 71.3, s=8.3 kg; stature 176.6, s=5.8 cm) completed pre-testing that comprised (1) 3000 m time-trial, (2) 40 m sprint, and (3) repeated sprint ability (RSA–6×40 m sprints, 24 s active recovery) performance. Participants were then matched for average 3000 m running velocity (AV) and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (i) HIT, n=19, 4 min at 100% AV, 4 min passive recovery, 4–6 bouts per session; (ii) SMIT, n=20, 30 s at 130% AV, 150 s passive recovery, 7–12 bouts per session; and (iii) control group, n=16, 30 min continuous running at 75% AV. Groups trained three times per week for six weeks. When time to complete each test were compared among groups: (i) improvements in 3000 m time trial performance were greater following SMIT than continuous running, and (ii) improvements in 40 m sprint and RSA performance were greater following SMIT than HIT and continuous running. In addition, a gender effect was observed for the 3000 m time trial only, where females changed more following the training intervention than males. In summary, for concurrent improvements in endurance, sprint and repeated sprint performance, SMIT provides the greatest benefits for physically active individuals.  相似文献   

对青少年100米途中跑训练方法的训练学审视          下载免费PDF全文

孙志新 《河北体育学院学报》2015,29(4):62-65

随着现代竞技体育成绩的不断提高以及运动员技战术的不断发展,对训练方法的改进研究逐步受到各国教练员以及科研人员的重视。目前,我国在田径运动领域普遍存在运动员运动寿命短、进入成年后成绩提高困难等问题。为此,以青少年100米途中跑阶段的训练方法为例,分析我国青少年100米途中跑训练对于我国田径事业发展的重要性,以及目前我国青少年100米途中跑训练方法的弊端,指出应重新评估传统专门练习的实用性,并重视非传统训练手段的创新及应用  相似文献   

Decrements in knee extensor and flexor strength are associated with performance fatigue during simulated basketball game-play in adolescent,male players     

Aaron T Scanlan  Jordan L Fox  Nattai R Borges  Anne Delextrat  Tania Spiteri  Vincent J Dalbo 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(8):852-860

This study quantified lower-limb strength decrements and assessed the relationships between strength decrements and performance fatigue during simulated basketball. Ten adolescent, male basketball players completed a circuit-based, basketball simulation. Sprint and jump performance were assessed during each circuit, with knee flexion and extension peak concentric torques measured at baseline, half-time, and full-time. Decrement scores were calculated for all measures. Mean knee flexor strength decrement was significantly (P < 0.05) related to sprint fatigue in the first half (R = 0.65), with dominant knee flexor strength (R = 0.67) and dominant flexor:extensor strength ratio (R = 0.77) decrement significantly (P < 0.05) associated with sprint decrement across the entire game. Mean knee extensor strength (R = 0.71), dominant knee flexor strength (R = 0.80), non-dominant knee flexor strength (R = 0.75), mean knee flexor strength (R = 0.81), non-dominant flexor:extensor strength ratio (R = 0.71), and mean flexor:extensor strength ratio (R = 0.70) decrement measures significantly (P < 0.05) influenced jump fatigue during the entire game. Lower-limb strength decrements may exert an important influence on performance fatigue during basketball activity in adolescent, male players. Consequently, training plans should aim to mitigate lower-limb fatigue to optimise sprint and jump performance during game-play.  相似文献   

对影响短跑成绩提高的外源性生物力学因素的研究     

李坚 《吉林体育学院学报》2010,26(3):37-38

影响短跑成绩提高的因素很多,其中外源性生物力学因素容易被大多数教练员忽视。外源性生物力学因素属力学类范畴,它是由身体质量、空气助力和地球的引力等构成。通过对影响短跑成绩提高的这些力学因素,对如何通过训练手段、鞋、服装以及运动场地的设计来克服这些力学因素,以求达到提高速度的目的。  相似文献