湖泊水生态系统健康评价指标研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张艳会  杨桂山  万荣荣 《资源科学》2014,36(6):1306-1315

生态系统健康评价是当前宏观生态学与生态系统管理研究的热点问题之一。湖泊是地表重要的生态系统之一,但当今湖泊生态系统的功能在逐渐退化,对湖泊生态系统健康的评价尤为重要。而湖泊生态系统健康评价指标体系的构建是湖泊生态系统健康评价的前提。本文调研了20世纪80年代以来国内外湖泊生态系统健康评价的相关研究成果,从时间尺度、所用评价方法、湖泊受人类活动干扰强度、与江河的连通性、富营养化程度等不同角度对湖泊生态系统健康评价所用的指标进行系统梳理、总结与分析,并在此基础上阐述了湖泊生态系统评价具有代表性的指标浮游植物生物量(PB)、生态能质(Ex)等的内涵及其影响机制。最后从指标体系的全面性、普适性、评价的着眼点、评价阈值的确定、自然通江湖泊水生态特殊性5个方面对我国湖泊生态健康的评价指标体系的研究提出展望,以期为湖泊生态健康评价提供依据。  相似文献   

中国农村水贫困风险评价、障碍因子及阻力类型分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙才志  董璐  郑德凤 《资源科学》2014,36(5):895-905

在构建农村水贫困灾害风险评价指标体系的基础上,本文结合TOPSIS模型对2011年我国31个省(市)地区农村水贫困风险进行测度。并利用障碍因子诊断法计算了不同地区的水贫困风险障碍度,为分析农村地区指标层主要障碍因子,降低灾害风险,实现农村水资源的综合利用找到了突破方向。具体考察指标层障碍因子后,文章利用LSE模型结合子目标层障碍度得分,对农村水贫困风险进行系统阻力模式分析,将我国农村水贫困风险管理阻力划分为3种模式:双系统阻力模式(E-R型、S-T型、T-R型、S-R型和E-T型)、三系统阻力模式(S-T-R型、E-T-R型和E-S-T型)和四系统阻力模式(E-S-T-R型)。阻力类型空间分布结果表明:经济系统和社会系统对我国中西部地区的阻力作用大于东部沿海地区,生态系统对我国大部分地区水贫困管理起阻力作用,对西南和华南地区而言,资源系统的阻力作用要小于其他地区,我国大部分地区集中于三系统和四系统阻力模式,其中以E-S-T-R型阻力模式最为普遍。  相似文献   

大厂微细粒难选尾矿资源综合利用与生产实践     

容振华 《大众科技》2014,(9):134-138

随着7#坝尾矿资源回采的进行,砂坪选厂处理矿源发生了较大的变化,其主要特点是：在-0.1mm级别多数已单体解离,矿物表面存在不同程度的氧化,有用金属嵌布粒度细微、含泥高、有残留药剂,＋1.0mm级别的锡、铅、锌、硫铁紧密共生,选矿难度较大。通过开展联合技术攻关,充分利用尾矿资源,完善内部工艺流程技术改造,实现降低药剂消耗、提高硫化矿分选指标,取得了锡、铅、锑、锌金属回收率分别为：38%、35%、32%和55%左右的选矿技术指标。  相似文献   

Are patients well informed about the fasting requirements for laboratory blood testing?     

Sanja Kackov  Ana-Maria Simundic  Ani Gatti-Drnic 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2013,23(3):326-331

Introduction:

Proper preparation of the individual is a key prerequisite for ensuring the quality of laboratory testing. Our hypothesis was that many outpatients are not sufficiently familiar with the correct way of preparing for the laboratory tests, for which the individual needs to be at fasting. This study aimed to investigate: i) whether patients are aware of how they need to prepare properly for laboratory tests; ii) the way in which users are informed about how to prepare for laboratory testing; and iii) whether users arrive to the laboratory for phlebotomy properly prepared.

Materials and methods:

An anonymous questionnaire was conducted on 150 outpatients older than 18 years, during February 2013. The response rate was 11%. All patients were interviewed by the laboratory staff. Patients were informed about detail of the questionnaire and agreed to participate in the survey.

Results:

Out of the total number subjects, 39% were fully aware of the proper definition of the fasting, whereas even 46% subjects replied that the last meal has to be taken the day before and the exact time that must pass after the last meal to blood sampling is not important. Furthermore, 52% subjects did not receive any information about how they need to prepare themselves properly for blood testing. Only 60% of them came properly prepared for the laboratory blood testing.

Conclusions:

Substantial proportion of patients do not come properly prepared for laboratory testing. We conclude that patients are not well informed about the fasting requirements for laboratory blood testing. Moreover, requesting physician is the preferred source of information from which patients learn how to prepare themselves for phlebotomy.  相似文献   

An objective method for depicting team performance in elite professional rugby union     

Nicholas M. P. Jones  Nic James  Stephen D. Mellalieu 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):691-700

Abstract

Using a two-study approach, we examined a methodology for objectively depicting team performance and form in a professional rugby union side. Study 1 developed standardized indicators to examine a team's performance in a single match relative to their previous matches over a domestic season via a performance report and form chart. This resulted in standardized performance indicators that provided instant and coherent feedback on the team's performance relative to previous standards. Study 2 then utilized this methodology to compare a match between two professional sides, played the following season, to assess the extent to which the performance by one team affected that of the other. Comparison of the two teams' performances, for the match they played against each other, identified a drop in relative performance (against previous standards) for both teams on the same performance indicators. This appeared to be due to the match being a close, hard-fought contest particularly in the tackle and around the gain-line. The findings of the two studies suggest an accurate and viable methodology for depicting team performance that is superior to the global measures previously adopted. Presenting teams' current standardized performances (i.e. form) on a single visual scale also has utility for coaches within an applied setting. Future research should further investigate the effect of one team's performance on another through both individual and team outcomes.  相似文献   

Effects of competition level on the centre forward role of men's water polo     

Corrado Lupo  Carlo Minganti  Cristina Cortis  Fabrizio Perroni  Laura Capranica  Antonio Tessitore 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):889-897

Abstract

This study aimed to compare specific technical and tactical indicators of the team and centre forward role of Euro League, and Italian Serie A1, Serie A2, and Serie B men's water polo club competitions. A notational analysis was performed on 21 water polo matches to evaluate the occurrence of technical and tactical team and centre forward indicators, highlighting differences among championships according to chi-square analyses. Differences emerged for Counterattack (P < 0.001) and Power-Play (P < 0.001) possessions, Even (P < 0.001; Euro League: 3 ± 1, Serie A1: 3 ± 2, Serie A2: 3 ± 2, Serie B: 6 ± 4) and Power-Play (P = 0.001) goals, and exclusions and penalties (P = 0.008) of the team during Even possessions. Relatively to the role analyses, effects emerged for perimeter players playing events (P = 0.049), as well as for centre forwards' goals (P = 0.007) and exclusions and penalties (P < 0.001; Euro League: 8 ± 1, Serie A1: 6 ± 2, Serie A2: 6 ± 2, Serie B: 3 ± 2) occurring at the end of Even possessions. Therefore, in Euro League, and Italian Serie A1 and Serie A2, teams perform a high occurrence of Power-Play possessions following up an exclusion, especially achieved by the centre forward during Even possessions, while, in Italian Serie B, goals were mostly scored during Even possessions, with a relevant contribution from the centre forward role.  相似文献   

The effect of playing tactics and situational variables on achieving score-box possessions in a professional soccer team     

Joaquin Lago-Ballesteros  Ezequiel Rey 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1455-1461

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of playing tactics, opponent interaction and situational variables on achieving score-box possessions in professional soccer. The sample was constituted by 908 possessions obtained by a team from the Spanish soccer league in 12 matches played during the 2009–2010 season. Multidimensional qualitative data obtained from 12 ordered categorical variables were used. Sampled matches were registered by the AMISCO PRO^® system. Data were analysed using chi-square analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. Of 908 possessions, 303 (33.4%) produced score-box possessions, 477 (52.5%) achieved progression and 128 (14.1%) failed to reach any sort of progression. Multiple logistic regression showed that, for the main variable “team possession type”, direct attacks and counterattacks were three times more effective than elaborate attacks for producing a score-box possession (P < 0.05). Team possession originating from the middle zones and playing against less than six defending players (P < 0.001) registered a higher success than those started in the defensive zone with a balanced defence. When the team was drawing or winning, the probability of reaching the score-box decreased by 43 and 53 percent, respectively, compared with the losing situation (P < 0.05). Accounting for opponent interactions and situational variables is critical to evaluate the effectiveness of offensive playing tactics on producing score-box possessions.  相似文献   

五种蕨类植物抗旱生理指标研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙雪婷  曹妍  李国树 《楚雄师范学院学报》2012,27(6):45-52

采用人工盆栽控水,研究在干旱胁迫条件下,五种蕨类植物银脉凤尾蕨、蜈蚣蕨、肾蕨、普通铁线蕨、狭翅巢蕨和阔叶鳞盖蕨的一些生理指标的变化和抗旱能力。结果表明：五种蕨类的生理指标随着干旱胁迫的加强,叶片的相对含水量和叶绿素含量均呈下降变化,相对电导率、脯氨酸含量、可溶性总糖含量和过氧化物酶活性都呈上升趋势。  相似文献   

世界一流学科评价之大学排名指标分析     

朱明  杨晓江 《高教发展与评估》2012,(2):7-15,116

关于学科评价的系统研究在国内还基本是空白,尤其是关于世界一流学科评价问题的研究则更少,这与当今科技创新、管理决策、科学评价、大学建设等国际化需求不相适应。通过比较研究国内外五个具有代表性的大学排名榜,综合分析这些排名使用的学科评价指标,着重从指标层面就如何科学构建世界一流学科评价指标体系进行探讨。  相似文献   

对高等教育统计指标设置的一些思考     

梁娉婷 《黄山学院学报》2012,14(4)

高等教育统计是高校实行科学管理的重要手段。是制定教育政策、编制教育发展规划的重要依据。随着教育体制改革的不断深化和办学形式的多样化,统计指标的界定出现了不少新问题,积极解决目前高等教育统计指标设置和解释中存在着的一些不足,才能为高等教育的发展提供保障。  相似文献