The role of task and ego-oriented climate in explaining students’ bright and dark motivational experiences in Physical Education     

Luis García-González  Javier Sevil-Serrano  Angel Abós  Nathalie Aelterman  Leen Haerens 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2019,24(4):344-358

Background: A distinction is made in Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) between task-oriented (i.e. effort, intra-individual progress, and self-comparison) and ego-oriented (i.e. inter-individual progress and normative comparison) climates. Combining insights from AGT and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), studies in the PE context have shown that a task-oriented climate positively relates to need satisfaction, although the findings regarding the motivating role of an ego-oriented climate are inconsistent. Moreover, little is known about the role of task- or ego-oriented climates in explaining experiences of basic psychological need frustration.

Purpose: Grounded in AGT and SDT, the aim of the present study was to examine if experiences of basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration can explain why task- and ego-oriented climates elicit positive and negative motivational outcomes in PE, respectively.

Research design: Cross-sectional study.

Method: A sample of 524 secondary school students (51.1% boys, M_age?=?14.51; SD?=?1.81) from five different secondary schools participated in this study. Students reported on their perceptions of task- and ego-oriented climates, motivational regulations, basic psychological need satisfaction, and need frustration, as well as positive and negative outcomes in PE. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate our objective.

Results: We found that a task-oriented climate had a strong and positive relationship with basic psychological need satisfaction, eliciting a bright pathway to autonomous motivation and affective attitude. An ego-oriented climate was positively related to basic psychological need frustration, eliciting a dark pathway to amotivation and boredom. A negative cross-path from task-oriented climate to basic psychological need frustration was also found, while no significant cross-paths were found from ego-oriented climate to basic psychological need satisfaction.

Conclusions: This study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms that explain why task- and ego-oriented climates shape students’ motivational experiences in PE lessons. It is suggested that a task-oriented climate elicits a bright pathway towards more optimal functioning, because it fosters experiences of need satisfaction and buffers against experiences of need frustration. In contrast, an ego-oriented climate is primarily positively related to feelings of need frustration and negative motivational outcomes. Practical implications for PE teacher training are discussed.  相似文献   

Effect of different loading conditions on running mechanics at different velocities     

Germán Carretero-Navarro  Doménico Cherubini  Wolfgang Taube 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(5):595-602

Weighted vests are widely used to improve running economy and performance. However, it is not well-studied how running mechanics are adapted to counteract the higher peak vertical ground reaction forces (Fpeak) while running with such a device. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of different loading conditions on running mechanics at different velocities. Thirteen subjects participated in two separate sessions one week apart. In the first session, maximal aerobic speed (MAS) was determined through a maximal incremental running test while in the second session, they were instructed to run during one minute under different loading (0%, +10% and +20% of body mass [BM]) and velocity (60%, 80% and 100% of MAS) conditions in a random order. Spatiotemporal data were recorded and then running mechanics modelled using the spring-mass model. The main results indicated that vertical and leg stiffness (Kvert and Kleg, respectively) were increased (P?P?>?.05) when load was changed. At the same time, alterations of the running kinematics were observed such as longer contact times, reduced flight times, stride frequencies and step lengths, as well as an increase of the centre of mass dynamics. Based on these results it is assumed that runners maintain a certain stiffness level for each velocity despite different loading conditions. As a consequence, Fpeak increases and this probably causes spatiotemporal adjustments in the movement kinematics.  相似文献   

Quality flaw prediction in Spanish Wikipedia: A case of study with verifiability flaws     

Edgardo Ferretti  Leticia Cagnina  Viviana Paiz  Sebastián Delle Donne  Rodrigo Zacagnini  Marcelo Errecalde 《Information processing & management》2018,54(6):1169-1181

In this work, we present the first quality flaw prediction study for articles containing the two most frequent verifiability flaws in Spanish Wikipedia: articles which do not cite any references or sources at all (denominated Unreferenced) and articles that need additional citations for verification (so-called Refimprove). Based on the underlying characteristics of each flaw, different state-of-the-art approaches were evaluated. For articles not citing any references, a well-established rule-based approach was evaluated and interesting findings show that some of them suffer from Refimprove flaw instead. Likewise, for articles that need additional citations for verification, the well-known PU learning and one-class classification approaches were evaluated. Besides, new methods were compared and a new feature was also proposed to model this latter flaw. The results showed that new methods such as under-bagged decision trees with sum or majority voting rules, biased-SVM, and centroid-based balanced SVM, perform best in comparison with the ones previously published.  相似文献   

A mathematical model for decision-making in the classification of para-footballers with different severity of coordination impairments     

Diego Pastor  María Campayo-Piernas  Jesús Tadeo Pastor 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(12):1403-1410

Classification is a defining feature of Para-sport, and sports-specific classification systems determined through multidisciplinary scientific research are required, i.e., evidence-based and focused on the relationship between the impairment and the key performance determinants. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was applied as a classification tool using a directional distance function (DDF) model. The aim of the study was to test the DEA as a possible classification tool in cerebral palsy football. We analyse the performance of 56 international para-footballers with hypertonia, ataxia or athetosis, who completed a 20-test battery with DEA models. Five of the tests are included in the model (change of direction: Illinois agility test; jumping: standing broad jump, four bounds for distance, and triple hop with the non-dominant leg; 10-m sprint/acceleration; and ball dribbling, both in a straight line and following a trajectory), showing that players with less impairment exhibit the highest efficiency. This outcome suggests that DEA models might be feasible for detecting and discriminating the performance and magnitude of impairment in cerebral palsy football, with an objective ranking of the athletes in relation to different physical performance tests. This study also provides reference scores for decision-making during classification and guidance for further research in team Paralympic sports.  相似文献   

防火墙软件实现原理--利用Winsock2 SPI截获网络封报     

顾成喜 《苏州市职业大学学报》2003,14(1):38-42

本文详细讨论了在Windows界面下通过Winsock2 SPI实现软件防火墙的技术原理和方法，并给出一段示意代码。  相似文献   

21世纪期刊出版探讨   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

顾涛 《编辑学报》2001,13(1):29-30

21世纪是一个信息和知识时代，互联网在全球普及，网络生活方式开始强烈地影响期刊的读者、作者和出版者，我国的期刊出版面临时代新需求与国际竞争的机遇和挑战，必须引入创新观念和具有全面现代综合素质的编辑人才，及时向网络出版的方向过渡。  相似文献   

安徽省农村体育的现状与对策(二)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高维岭  崔立新  卢节生  顾玉飞  邓玉  成守允  刘东辉  张成美  高宗霞 《安徽体育科技》2004,25(4)

通过对安徽省农村体育的组织管理网络层次及其工作强度、场地、设施性质及其配布、农村体育主体主要活动形式及其倾向、体育消费及其特点以及有关影响的因素等现状进行了如实反映及分析.结果表明,安徽省农村体育符合社会发展规律和节奏,但部分指标滞后、措施强度不够同时也制约着总体发展.基于现实情况,提出了改进安徽省农村体育工作的相关建议.  相似文献   

构建竞技武术套路新文化     

顾莉 《搏击·武术科学》2009,6(2):48-49

21世纪的世界文化格局将呈现出中西文化交汇、融合的趋势。为了给世界奉献出一种新的体育文化，我们需要完善、雕琢竞技武术套路文化，突出其实质，努力实现现代化转型，力求全球化发展，挖掘、强化其精髓——民族文化、民族精神，创建竞技武术套路新文化的重组，为世界体育文化注入新鲜血液，服务更多受众。  相似文献   

健美教学中培养大学生锻炼能力的实验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

顾城 《体育科技》2002,23(3):60-63

大学生能否成为终身体育的实践者并从中受益 ,与他们的体育锻炼能力密切相关。通过健美选项课进行了教学实验 ,在课的组织教法及考核评价方面采取了诸如增加课堂讨论内容、采用运动处方式教学、实行互助合作式分组练习等等一系列教学改革措施 ,结果表明 :这些措施对培养大学生健美锻炼能力效果显著。  相似文献   

吉首大学图书馆迎评促建加强图书馆建设     

Gu Yuchun 《大学图书馆学报》1996,(6):65-65

吉首大学图书馆迎评促建加强图书馆建设国家教委发文布置在１９９５—１９９７年，分别对１０８所普通高校进行本科教学工作评价。吉首大学校领导抓住机遇，提出“迎国检、上台阶、创特色”的奋斗口号，制订了“迎评促建工作目标”，把国家教委颁发的评价方案中的３３项三...  相似文献