Bundled or unbundled? A multi-text corpus-assisted discourse analysis of the relationship between teaching and research in UK universities     

Adam Matthews  Ben Kotzee 《British Educational Research Journal》2022,48(3):578-597

Creating and disseminating knowledge through research and teaching has long been regarded as the hallmark of the modern university. However, new university business models have called into question the ‘bundling’ of teaching and research, and sustained research on the relationship between teaching and research has found little evidence of an insoluble connection between the two activities. In this article, we explore the relationship between teaching and research from the perspective of universities’ institutional discourse. We use corpus-assisted discourse analysis to examine the relationship between research and teaching as presented in two sets of institutional texts currently influential in UK Higher Education: Research Excellence Framework environment statements and Teaching Excellence Framework provider submissions (a total of 2143 documents and 12,492,071 words). Our findings show that, while universities emphasise the value of research to their teaching, they do not always emphasise (or sometimes even decry) the influence of teaching on their research. We empirically evidence that, according to what universities themselves write in institutional texts, teaching and research are not always in a mutually beneficial entanglement, but often rather a one-way relationship in which research expertise and institutional prestige are used to bolster claims of teaching excellence. This has implications for the communication of both the vision and the purpose of a university in regulatory exercises and wider policy, but also speaks to the broader idea and practice of being a university in the twenty-first century.  相似文献   

Gender-Typed and Gender-Segregated Play Among Tanzanian Hadza and Congolese BaYaka Hunter-Gatherer Children and Adolescents     

Sheina Lew-Levy  Adam H. Boyette  Alyssa N. Crittenden  Barry S. Hewlett  Michael E. Lamb 《Child development》2020,91(4):1284-1301

Few data exist on gender-typed and gender-segregated play in hunter-gatherer societies, despite their unique demographic and cultural features which may influence children’s gendered play. Using naturalistic observations of Hadza (N = 46, 41% female) and BaYaka (N = 65, 48% female) hunter-gatherer 3- to 18-year-olds from Tanzania and the Republic of Congo, we showed that access to playmates was negatively associated with playing in mixed-gender groups. Young boys did not engage in more rough-and-tumble play than girls, but adolescent boys participated in this type of play more than adolescent girls. Children were also more likely to participate in work-themed play which conformed to gender norms within their society. Findings are discussed within the context of gendered division of labor, child autonomy, and demography.  相似文献   

Culture and climate change: handbook for city leaders     

David Adam 《Cultural Trends》2018,27(1):48-49

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Revisiting the cluster-based paradigm for implicit search result diversification     

Hai-Tao Yu  Adam Jatowt  Roi Blanco  Hideo Joho  Joemon M. Jose  Long Chen  Fajie Yuan 《Information processing & management》2018,54(4):507-528

To cope with ambiguous and/or underspecified queries, search result diversification (SRD) is a key technique that has attracted a lot of attention. This paper focuses on implicit SRD, where the subtopics underlying a query are unknown. Many existing methods appeal to the greedy strategy for generating diversified results. A common practice is using a heuristic criterion for making the locally optimal choice at each round. As a result, it is difficult to know whether the failures are caused by the optimization criterion or the setting of parameters. Different from previous studies, we formulate implicit SRD as a process of selecting and ranking k exemplar documents through integer linear programming (ILP). The key idea is that: for a specific query, we expect to maximize the overall relevance of the k exemplar documents. Meanwhile, we wish to maximize the representativeness of the selected exemplar documents with respect to the non-selected documents. Intuitively, if the selected exemplar documents concisely represent the entire set of documents, the novelty and diversity will naturally arise. Moreover, we propose two approaches ILP4ID (Integer Linear Programming for Implicit SRD) and AP4ID (Affinity Propagation for Implicit SRD) for solving the proposed formulation of implicit SRD. In particular, ILP4ID appeals to the strategy of bound-and-branch and is able to obtain the optimal solution. AP4ID being an approximate method transforms the target problem as a maximum-a-posteriori inference problem, and the message passing algorithm is adopted to find the solution. Furthermore, we investigate the differences and connections between the proposed models and prior models by casting them as different variants of the cluster-based paradigm for implicit SRD. To validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approaches, we conduct a series of experiments on four benchmark TREC diversity collections. The experimental results demonstrate that: (1) The proposed methods, especially ILP4ID, can achieve substantially improved performance over the state-of-the-art unsupervised methods for implicit SRD. (2) The initial runs, the number of input documents, query types, the ways of computing document similarity, the pre-defined cluster number and the optimization algorithm significantly affect the performance of diversification models. Careful examinations of these factors are highly recommended in the development of implicit SRD methods. Based on the in-depth study of different types of methods for implicit SRD, we provide additional insight into the cluster-based paradigm for implicit SRD. In particular, how the methods relying on greedy strategies impact the performance of implicit SRD, and how a particular diversification model should be fine-tuned.  相似文献   

The Potential Impact of COVID-19 on Student Learning and How Schools Can Respond     

Adam E. Wyse  Eric M. Stickney  David Butz  Amanda Beckler  Catherine N. Close 《Educational Measurement》2020,39(3):60-64

There is no denying the impact that the coronravirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has had on many aspects of our lives. This article looks at the potential impact of COVID-19 on student learning as schools abruptly morphed into virtual learning environments using data from several instructional, practice, and assessment solutions offered by Renaissance. First, three hypothetical learning scenarios are considered using normative data from Star assessments to explore the potential impact on reading and math test performace. Next, data on Focus Skills are used to highlight which grades may have missed the most foundational math and reading content if instruction was stopped or reduced. Last, data from two of Renaissance's practice tools are used to evaluate whether students were practicing key skills following school closures. The article concludes that academic decline will likely occur but may be tempered by the increased use of practice tools; effects may look different for math and reading; and may impact grades and schools differently. As such, schools may need to leverage decision-making frameworks, such as the Multi-tiered Systems of Support/Response-to-Intervention (MTSS/RTI) framework, more than ever to identify needs and target instruction where it matters most when school begins in fall 2020.  相似文献   

A Critical Look into the Beuk Standard-Setting Method     

Adam E. Wyse 《Educational Measurement》2020,39(1):52-60

One commonly used compromise standard-setting method is the Beuk (1984) method. A key assumption of the Beuk method is that the emphasis given to the pass rate and the percent correct ratings should be proportional to the extent that the panelists agree on their ratings. However, whether the slope of Beuk line reflects the emphasis that panelists believe should be assigned to the pass rate and the percentage correct ratings has not be fully tested. In this article, I evaluate this critical assumption of the Beuk method by asking panelists to assign importance weights to their percentage correct and pass rate judgments. I show that in several cases that the emphasis suggested by the Beuk slope is noticeably different from what one would expect and is inconsistent with importance weight ratings. I also suggest two ways that the importance weights can be used to calculate alternate cut scores, and I show that one of the ways of calculating cut scores using the importance weights leads to larger potential differences in cut score estimates. I suggest that practitioners should consider collecting importance weights when the Beuk method is used for determining cut scores.  相似文献   

Optimised force-velocity training during pre-season enhances physical performance in professional rugby league players     

Adam Simpson  Mark Waldron  Emily Cushion  Jamie Tallent 《Journal of sports sciences》2021,39(1):91-100

ABSTRACT

The effectiveness of 8-week force-velocity optimised training was assessed in highly trained professional rugby league athletes. Players (age 24 ± 3 years; body mass 94.9 ± 21.6 kg; height 181.3 ± 6.0 cm) were strength-matched and assigned to a force-velocity optimised group (OP; n = 15) or a general strength-power group (GP; n = 14). Tests included 10-m, 20-m sprints, 3 repetition-maximum squat and squat jumps over five load conditions to ascertain vertical force-velocity relationship. ANCOVA revealed there was a group effect for force-velocity deficit (P < 0.001), with the OP two-fold greater than the GP group (OP pre: 51.13 ± 31.42%, post: 62.26 ± 31.45%, GP pre: 33.00 ± 19.60%, post: 31.14 ± 31.45%, P < 0.001). There were further group effects for 3RM squat (OP pre: 151.17 ± 22.95 kg, post: 162.17 ± 24.16 kg, GP pre: 156.43 ± 25.07 kg, post: 163.39 ± 25.39 kg, P < 0.001), peak power (OP pre: 3195 ± 949 W, post: 3552 ± 1033 W, GP pre: 3468 ± 911 W, post: 3591 ± 936 W, P < 0.001), and SJ (OP pre: 39.79 ± 7.80 cm, post: 42.69 ± 7.83 cm, GP pre: 40.44 ± 6.23 cm, post: 41.14 ± 5.66 cm, P < 0.001). Prescribing F-V deficit training is superior for improving physical performance within highly trained RL players.  相似文献   

Caregiver-child interactions and the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern     

K A Matthews 《Child development》1977,48(4):1752-1756

Type A behavior, 1 of the risk factors for heart disease, is characterized by impatience and competitive achievement striving. An opposing type B pattern is characterized by patience and a lack of competitive achievement striving. Previous observations of mother-child interactions revealed that mothers gave type A and type B children different frequencies of pushing and positive task evaluation. To isolate the effects of type A and B children on caregivers, the present study examined the caregiver behavior of female strangers elicited by boys' type A and B behavior. In addition, it examined whether the child effects differed according to the caregivers' behavior pattern. Results indicated that, relative to type B children, type A children elicited more pushing and positive task evaluation from type B caregivers. However, type A caregivers did not respond to the differences in the children's behavior pattern. The caregiver behavior of type A's and type B's is discussed in light of previous experimental findings of their general responsiveness to variations in their environment.  相似文献   

Roberta J. Magnusson,Water Technology in the Middle Ages: Cities,Monasteries, and Waterworks after the Roman Empire     

Lucas  Adam 《Metascience》2003,12(1):93-96

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The hypothesis testing knowledge blend     

Ted?RandlesEmail author  Christopher D?Blades  Adam?Fadlalla 《知识管理研究与实践》2008,6(4):339-349

The creation of several forms of knowledge that would enable organizations to ask and say the right things during complex diagnoses is proposed. Based on the concept of knowledge combustion, the hypothesis testing knowledge blend (HTKB) is the cognitive equivalent of petrol for the combustion engine. The HTKB requires the creation of a knowledge hybrid that uses existing technologies to ask and say the right things. In addition to timing mechanisms and problem space maps, two forms of declarative knowledge (directions and explanations) are integrated to create the HTKB. These directions and explanations would be obtained directly from the video recordings of diagnosticians conducting teleconsultations. By providing these profound dialogues during the conduct of complex diagnoses, the HTKB should increase the knowledge capital of organizations. Formal analyses are beginning to validate the conceptual structure (blue print) presented in this paper, and the results will be provided in the future.  相似文献