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The purpose of this study was to build a flexible mechanical system with a hydrostatic skeleton. The main components of this system are two type flexible bags. One is a structural bag with constant inner pressure. The other is an actuator bag with controlled inner pressure. To design the system, it was necessary to estimate both structural deformation and driving force. Nu- merical analysis of flexible bags, however, is difficult because of large nonlinear deformation. This study analyzed structural strength and driving force of flexible bags with the nonlinear finite element analysis （FEA） software ABAQUS. The stress con- centration dependency on the bag shape is described and the driving force is calculated to include the large deformation. From the analytical results, this study derives an empirical equation of driving force. The validity of the equation was confirmed by condition-changed analyses and experimental results. 相似文献
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Librarians who teach one-shot library instruction classes (one-time, one- to three-hour classes to students who are assumed to be novice researchers) are often torn between two pedagogic approaches: a “critical mass” pedagogy emphasizing a minimum amount of databases that must be introduced with little time for student searching, and a “use-oriented” pedagogy emphasizing the introduction of one or two databases, with the instructor providing adequate time for the student to hone their search skills through in class work time that provides for interaction with the librarian. Drawing from the learning theory of Brian Cambourne, we compare the two pedagogic approaches and argue that a use-oriented approach is a better match to Cambourne's Conditions of Learning, but that without certain preparations of and expectations from the student, librarians will struggle with both approaches in these one-shot library instruction sessions. 相似文献
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Davison and Ramesh expressed equivalently the condition for the characteristic roots of a real matrix to lie within a sector by the condition for a matrixof doubled order to be Hurwitzian (1). A further generalization of their result is given in this note. 相似文献
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Takehiro Mori Michiyoshi Kuwahara Norio Fukuma 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1982,314(2):123-127
It is well known that the Lyapunov matrix equation can be utilized to obtain the estimate for the transient behavior of linear constant systems. This paper shows that the equation gives information not only on the maximum real part of the characteristic roots of system matrix but also on other extremal values to these roots. 相似文献
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Umeda T Suzukawa K Takahashi I Yamamoto Y Tanabe M Kojima A Katagiri T Matsuzaka M Totsuka M Nakaji S Sugawara N 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(9):897-904
To clarify the physical and mental fatigue caused by intense exercise and the relationship between the two types of fatigue, we examined changes in anthropometric and biochemical variables, neutrophil function, and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire in 13 female university judoists attending a one-week training camp. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, haemoglobin, leukocyte count, IgG, and phagocytic activity all decreased after the training camp compared with baseline (P < or = 0.046). Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and neutrophil oxidative burst activity increased after the training camp (P < or = 0.007). Of the POMS scores, that for Fatigue increased after the training camp (P = 0.041) and that for Vigour decreased (P = 0.042). The changes in several POMS scores correlated with the changes in blood biochemical variables. In particular, the change in Total mood disturbance was negatively associated with changes in myogenic enzymes (P < or = 0.032). Our results suggest that intense exercise during training camps for female judoists leads to the appearance and accumulation of mental and physical fatigue, which are related to each other. 相似文献
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Rearfoot external eversion moments due to ground reaction forces (GRF) during running have been suggested to contribute to overuse running injuries. This study aimed to identify primary factors inducing these rearfoot external eversion moments. Fourteen healthy men ran barefoot across a force plate embedded in the middle of 30-m runway with 3.30 ± 0.17 m · s–1. Total rearfoot external eversion/inversion moments (Mtot) were broken down into the component Mxy due to medio-lateral GRF (Fxy) and the component Mz due to vertical GRF (Fz). Ankle joint centre height and medio-lateral distance from the centre of pressure to the ankle joint centre (a_cop) were calculated as the moment arm of these moments. Mxy dominated Mtot just after heel contact, with the magnitude strongly dependent on Fxy, which was most likely caused by the medio-lateral foot velocity before heel contact. Mz then became the main generator of Mtot throughout the first half of the stance phase, during which a_cop was the critical factor influencing the magnitude. Medio-lateral foot velocity before heel contact and medio-lateral distance from the centre of pressure to the ankle joint centre throughout the first half of the stance phase were identified as primary factors inducing the rearfoot external eversion moment. 相似文献
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