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In this paper, a robust adaptive control scheme is proposed for the leader following control of a class of fractional-order multi-agent systems (FMAS). The asymptotic stability is shown by a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. The nonlinear dynamics of the agents are assumed to be unknown. Moreover, the communication topology among the agents is assumed to be unknown and time-varying. A deep general type-2 fuzzy system (DGT2FS) using restricted Boltzmann machine (RMB) and contrastive divergence (CD) learning algorithm is proposed to estimate uncertainties. The simulation studies presented indicate that the proposed control method results in good performance under time-varying topology, unknown dynamics and external disturbances. The effectiveness of the proposed DGT2FS is verified also on modeling problems with high dimensional real-world data sets. 相似文献
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This article makes a case for recording and using dreams in the teaching of writing. Calling on some well-known statements of Freud and on some recent research, I attempt to show how dreams can provide writers with a route to their unconscious. I also illustrate the role of dreams in furnishing writers with inspiration and source material. I provide examples of writing, both my own poems and extracts from the work of Coleridge, Byatt, Kafka, Blanchot and Murakami amongst others, to show how dreams, the experience of dreaming and dream-like imagery have been used successfully in literature. 相似文献
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Latif Mohammadzadeh Enayat Abbasi 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2017,23(2):175-187
Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of farmer-oriented policies as regards the Iranian agricultural extension system. Methodology: To fulfill this objective, a Delphi technique was utilized. The study used a series of three steps, engaging a panel of experts on farmer-oriented policies of agricultural extension system. Finding: The characteristics of farmer-oriented policies in agricultural extension system were classified into six categories including: need-based programs, proper interaction among stakeholders, decentralization and higher stakeholders’ participation, enabling stakeholders with emphasis on smallholder farmers, market-oriented programs and integrated policies. The findings indicated that ‘enabling farmers to solve their technical problems’ and ‘engaging farmers in planning, executing and evaluating of the programs’ had the highest percentage of agreement. Theoretical implication: From a theoretical point of view, the finding of this research has introduced six categories as characteristics of a farmer-oriented policy that could have practical implications for agricultural extension system in Iran. Also, this paper proposes a framework for future studies in the field of farmer-oriented policies in agricultural extension system. Practical implications: Recognizing the characteristics of farmer-oriented intervention of agricultural extension shows that targeted extension approaches are needed to pay attention to these characteristics in various stages of planning, delivering and evaluation of extension programs. Originality/value: This paper provides a comprehensive list of characteristics of farmer-oriented policies of agricultural extension that can be helpful for agricultural policy-makers in devising programs of extension services. 相似文献
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This article makes a case for the centrality of yearning in fictional representations of characters. With the help of illustrations from Adam Phillips, Olen Butler and Ted Hughes I argue that this key element may be missing from the creative work of students. This is my attempt, through exercises and other stimuli, to generate this yearning or longing in the work of my MA students on the Creative and Life Writing Programme at Goldsmiths through a set of linked exercises, with samples of students’ writing, offering a commentary on each and concluding with some tentative, but positive findings. 相似文献
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