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ABSTRACTNo study has investigated secular changes in both total steps and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among Japanese children. This study examined the secular changes of total steps and MVPA among fourth-grade students in Japan in 2003/2004 and 2016/2017. It was performed at a school in Okayama Prefecture in Japan. A total of 452 participants (226 boys and 226 girls; mean age, 9.6 ± 0.5 years) participated in the study. We measured total steps and MVPA of the participants by using the same methods in 2003/2004 and 2016/2017. An uniaxial accelerometer was used to measure total steps and MVPA. On weekdays and weekends, the total steps and MVPA were lowered by approximately 1,000–3,000 steps/day and 10 min/day, respectively, in boys and by 1,000 steps/day and 5 min/day, respectively, in girls in 2016/2017 in comparison to 2003/2004. In both boys and girls, the percentage of children meeting 60 minutes/day of MVPA decreased in 2016/2017(weekdays: boys 21.8%, girls 6.0%; weekends: boys 3.8%, girls 4.1%) compared with 2003/2004 (weekdays: boys 48.2%, girls 11.6%; weekends: boys 7.8%, girls 7.6%). In conclusion, the results demonstrated that total steps and MVPA of fourth-grade students in Japan were lower in 2016/2017 than in 2003/2004. 相似文献
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Minoru Kishida 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(1):7-8
AbstractThis article outlines several significant features of reading in Russia today. First the change of the cultural hierarchy is addressed: no longer is the reading of the classics a status symbol, indicating the reader’s adherence to traditional norms of culture. The classics have been abandoned as readers unashamedly pursue light entertainment in the form of detective stories, romances, etc. Second, there has emerged a new system of cultural organization as a result of the collapse of central state direction. So far these new forms of organization have proven totally inadequate: much of publishing is beyond the reach of both bibliographic control mechanisms and libraries, which are gradually ceasing to function as sites where high culture is consumed. 相似文献
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Opinion holder identification research is important for discriminating between opinions that are viewed from different perspectives. We propose a new opinion holder identification method that is based on a differentiation between the author and authority viewpoints in opinionated sentences. In our method, the author- and authority-opinionated sentences were extracted, respectively, by utilizing the different features because their writing styles were different. Although the researchers have not focused on it, this differentiation is important for correctly identifying opinion holders. We describe our participation in the NTCIR-6 Opinion Analysis Pilot Task by focusing on the opinion holder identification results in Japanese and English. The evaluation results showed that our system performed fairly well with respect to Japanese documents, and postsubmission analysis has revealed that improvements could be made with respect to English documents as well. 相似文献
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Minoru Nakayama Maomi Ueno 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2009,57(2):271-285
To examine trends in educational practice research, this article conducted a survey and analysis of factors affecting the
review of research papers in the field of the educational technology in Japan. Two factors, namely, practical orientation
and theoretical orientation, were extracted from 63 survey responses, and scores from members of a Japanese academic society
were compared with the scores of its editorial board. Results show that the two factor scores were not correlated to each
other, and they are independent measures for any evaluation or review of research articles. Also, there was no significant
difference between society members and editorial board members, i.e., their preferences when reviewing research papers were
identical. For the second part of this study, a group composed of anonymous members of an editorial board conducted a paper
review of 12 published “practical papers” and 11 published “general papers.” Results indicated that there was no significant
difference between the two categories. The final rating scores of these 23 papers were analyzed using a decision-tree rating
model. Results also indicated that for publication, papers need to contribute to theoretical research, in addition to contributing
to basic educational practice research in educational technology. 相似文献
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Murai Minoru 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1977,23(2):249-252
International Review of Education - 相似文献
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In this study, a microfluidic process is proposed for preparing monodisperse micrometer-sized hydrogel beads. This process utilizes non-equilibrium aqueous droplets formed in a polar organic solvent. The water-in-oil droplets of the hydrogel precursor rapidly shrunk owing to the dissolution of water molecules into the continuous phase. The shrunken and condensed droplets were then gelled, resulting in the formation of hydrogel microbeads with sizes significantly smaller than the initial droplet size. This study employed methyl acetate as the polar organic solvent, which can dissolve water at 8%. Two types of monodisperse hydrogel beads—Ca-alginate and chitosan—with sizes of 6–10 μm (coefficient of variation < 6%) were successfully produced. In addition, we obtained hydrogel beads with non-spherical morphologies by controlling the degree of droplet shrinkage at the time of gelation and by adjusting the concentration of the gelation agent. Furthermore, the encapsulation and concentration of DNA molecules within the hydrogel beads were demonstrated. The process presented in this study has great potential to produce small and highly concentrated hydrogel beads that are difficult to obtain by using conventional microfluidic processes. 相似文献
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Selection of particles or cells of specific shapes from a complex mixture is an essential procedure for various biological and industrial applications, including synchronization of the cell cycle, classification of environmental bacteria, and elimination of aggregates from synthesized particles. Here, we investigate the separation behaviors of nonspherical and spherical particles∕cells in the hydrodynamic filtration (HDF) scheme, which was previously developed for continuous size-dependent particle∕cell separation. Nonspherical particle models were prepared by coating the hemisphere of spherical polymer particles with a thin Au layer and by bonding the Janus particles to form twins and triplets resembling dividing and aggregating cells, respectively. High-speed imaging revealed a difference in the separation behaviors of spherical and nonspherical particles at a branch point; nonspherical particles showed rotation behavior and did not enter the branch channel even when their minor axis was smaller than the virtual width of the flow region entering the branch channel, w(1). The confocal-laser high-speed particle intensity velocimetry system visualized the flow profile inside the HDF microchannel, demonstrating that the steep flow-velocity distribution at the branch point is the main factor causing the rotation behavior of nonspherical particles. As applications, we successfully separated spherical and nonspherical particles with various major∕minor lengths and also demonstrated the selection of budding∕single cells from a yeast cell mixture. We therefore conclude that the HDF scheme can be used for continuous shape-based particle∕cell separation. 相似文献
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文章以日本小学理科教学大纲（理科的目标和内容）为线索，简要系统地回顾了战后日本小学理科课程七次修订的历史，阐述了日本小学新理科课程的基本理念。 相似文献
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Gene ontology (GO) consists of three structured controlled vocabularies, i.e., GO domains, developed for describing attributes of gene products, and its annotation is crucial to provide a common gateway to access different model organism databases. This paper explores an effective application of text categorization methods to this highly practical problem in biology. As a first step, we attempt to tackle the automatic GO annotation task posed in the Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) 2004 Genomics Track. Given a pair of genes and an article reference where the genes appear, the task simulates assigning GO domain codes. We approach the problem with careful consideration of the specialized terminology and pay special attention to various forms of gene synonyms, so as to exhaustively locate the occurrences of the target gene. We extract the words around the spotted gene occurrences and used them to represent the gene for GO domain code annotation. We regard the task as a text categorization problem and adopt a variant of kNN with supervised term weighting schemes, making our method among the top-performing systems in the TREC official evaluation. Furthermore, we investigate different feature selection policies in conjunction with the treatment of terms associated with negative instances. Our experiments reveal that round-robin feature space allocation with eliminating negative terms substantially improves performance as GO terms become specific. 相似文献