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Gianna Giachi Chiara Capretti Nicola Macchioni Benedetto Pizzo Ines Dorina Donato 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2010,11(1):91-101
The aim of the work is to set up a methodological approach to verify the effectiveness of the treatments of decayed waterlogged archaeological wood and to point out the proper thermo-hygrometric conditions for its preservation after treatment. The treatments were performed on wood samples of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton), oak (Quercus sp. caducifolia), elm (Ulmus cf. minor) and strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.), obtained from stems pertaining to the original vegetation found in the excavation site of the Ancient Ships in Pisa (Italy), and dated from seventh century BC to second century AD The utilised products were: Polyethylene Glycols (PEG) of various molecular weights, a Polypropylene Glycol (PPG 425), Trehalose (α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside), and their mixtures, and also a Hydroxypropylcellulose (Klucel). The main objective to be pursued by the treatments was considered the stabilisation of the original size and shape of samples. The various steps of this approach were: the execution of a preliminary diagnostic survey on untreated samples; the characterisation of treatment solutions ‘as such’ to establish the property to be monitored during the treatment; the evaluation of the main physical characteristics of wood after the treatment were determined. Among the latter, the coefficient of dimensional stability during the exposure to a series of selected thermo-hygrometric conditions and the retention of consolidants after the treatment. These two measurements allowed the definition of the ‘efficacy of a treatment’, φT, a new parameter firstly utilised in this work. It measures the stabilisation capability of the percent unit of retained product, and its value permits to put in evidence the consolidants that stabilise wood with the lowest amount of product. Conversely, it was not possible to measure the Anti-Shrink Efficiency (ASE), one of the most utilised parameters for the evaluation of treatments, because of the serious distortions and fractures observed in all the heavily degraded untreated samples. 相似文献
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This paper contributes to the debate on strategic capability of academic organizations by presenting three case studies of
Swiss Higher Education Institutions. Strategies are conceived as instruments by which universities manage their organizational
processes and deal with their environments in order to select a portfolio of activities and find an appropriate position in
the higher education system. Our findings show that strategies are at the same time a matter of intentions and actions: first,
they relate to current HEI’s position within the national Higher education system—and to relevant normative models—as well
as to the degree of institutional autonomy. Second, even within participatory governance structures, organizational strategies
appear to be initiated by the academic administrators, then substantially shaped and subscribed by academics at different
stages. In this perspective, the dynamic relation of formal and informal processes holds diverse functions from making academics
accept a strategy, to controlling and coordinating decentralized organizational structures. 相似文献
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The European university landscape: A micro characterization based on evidence from the Aquameth project 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Cinzia Daraio Andrea BonaccorsiAldo Geuna Benedetto LeporiLaurent Bach Peter BogetoftMargarida F. Cardoso Elena Castro-MartinezGustavo Crespi Ignacio Fernandez de LucioHarold Fried Adela Garcia-AracilAnnamaria Inzelt Ben JongbloedGerhard Kempkes Patrick LlerenaMireille Matt Maria OlivaresCarsten Pohl Tarmo RatyMaria J. Rosa Cláudia S. SarricoLéopold Simar Stig SlipersaeterPedro N. Teixeira Philippe Vanden Eeckaut 《Research Policy》2011,40(1):148-164
This paper provides a new and systematic characterization of 488 universities, from 11 European countries: Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and UK. Using micro indicators built on the integrated Aquameth database, we characterize the European university landscape according to the following dimensions: history/foundation of university, dynamics of growth, specialization pattern, subject mix, funding composition, offer profile and productivity. 相似文献
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Benedetto Lepori Vitaliano Barberio Marco Seeber Isidro Aguillo 《Journal of Informetrics》2013,7(3):622-634
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the structure of national higher education networks in six European countries using interlinking data. We show that national HE systems display a common core–periphery structure, which we explain by the lasting reputational differences in science, as well as the process of expansion and integration of HE systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate that centrality in national networks (coreness) is associated with organizational characteristics, reflecting that interlinking is motivated by access to resources and the status of the organizations concerned, and that national policies impact network structures by influencing the level of inequality in the distribution of resources and status. Finally, we show that, as an outcome of the core–periphery structure, the strength of ties between two HEIs is largely determined by their individual coreness, while the impact of distance is too small-scale to alter the network structure generated by organizational attributes. 相似文献
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Budgeting—i.e. the decision on the level of expenditures and on the repartition of resources among organizational subunits—can be conceived as a critical organizational process, which is closely related to key choices concerning strategic priorities and to resources acquisition strategies. Overall, it is increasingly being recognized as one of the central places where steering and governance take place, and where higher education institutions are supposed to take initiative. Accordingly, this paper pursues two aims: first, it provides a review of existing studies about budgeting in higher education, according to the literature on changes in its organizational characteristics, and with a focus on approaches from Organizational Theory and Sociology. Second, it identifies some future directions of research, thus easing the integration of these two bodies of literature. This integration may help in providing researchers with a deeper understanding of the current functioning of budgeting processes, their variations across higher education institutions and countries, as well as their implications for organizational behavior. 相似文献
6.
Team intuition as a continuum construct and new product creativity: The role of environmental turbulence, team experience, and stress 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Although past research has reported the benefits of intuition in new product decision-making (i.e., higher quality product; enhanced customer satisfaction), intuition has largely been studied as an individual phenomenon and little work has examined the role of intuition on new product development (NPD) project teams. Furthermore, in a turbulent environment, NPD project teams may rely more on intuitive judgments, and other factors such as experience and stress may also influence the relationship between team intuition and team decision making. Drawing from the organizational design literature on creativity in decision making, this study builds a conceptual model of NPD team intuition and its effect on the team's ability to generate creative new products. We then derive hypotheses regarding team intuition, stress, environmental turbulence, and new product creativity, and test the hypotheses using data from a sample of 155 firms operating in Ankara and Istanbul, Turkey. We specifically test whether an inverted-U relationship exists between team intuition and new product creativity (that is, a balance of both intuitive and rational judgments is preferred), and whether this relationship is moderated by team experience and stress. Moreover, direct impact of turbulent conditions (i.e. market and technical turbulence) on intuition was also examined. The results of our empirical study with a sample of 310 new product/project developers and 155 project managers showed a positive and linear relation between turbulent conditions (both market and technical) and team intuition and an inverted U-shaped team intuition-new product creativity relation for teams with high experience and low stress. Finally, theoretical implications for future research and managerial implications for practitioners are discussed in the conclusion section. 相似文献
7.
Battaglia Onofrio Rosario Di Paola Benedetto Persano Adorno Dominique Pizzolato Nicola Fazio Claudio 《Research in Science Education》2019,49(5):1395-1413
Research in Science Education - Two 20-h modelling-based workshops focused on the explanation of thermally activated phenomena were held at the University of Palermo, Italy, during the Academic... 相似文献
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Martin Cloonan Arnaud Hearinger Benedetto Matarazzo Mark Murphy Mike Osborne 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(6):492-504
This article builds upon recent interest in models of funding Continuing Education (McGivney 1990, Berrell and Smith 1996, Matkin 1997). It is based on an EU-funded project which examined inter alia current funding models for Continuing Education (CE) within four European Union countries - France, Ireland, Italy and Scotland. The article firstly discusses the breadth of CE. It then investigates the existence of funding models by examining the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) in determining course provision in the relevant countries. We argue that while costs and benefits form part of providers' everyday thinking, expression of CBA was generally implicit and never articulated in technical terms. We suggest that providers' value-systems, or ideology, militate against simplistic use of CBA. We conclude by returning to the question of models of funding CE. 相似文献