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Following preliminary indications that in some individuals arm exercise enhanced rather than reduced simultaneous leg endurance, ten young men and women performed three forms of intermittent work to volitional exhaustion, under duty cycles of 45 s work, 15 s rest. The protocols were as follows: (A) knee extensions at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC); (B) 30% MVC knee extensions combined with arm cranking at 130% of their own lactate threshold; (C) combined 30% MVC knee extensions and arm cranking at 20% of their own lactate threshold. Heart rate, oxygen uptake (VO(2)), and blood lactate concentration were among the variables recorded throughout. All physiological indicators of demand were substantially higher in protocol B than in protocols A or C [heart rate: (A) 154 beats . min(-1), (B) 171 beats . min(-1), (C) 150 beats . min(-1); VO(2): (A) 11.9 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1), (B) 21.7 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1), (C) 14.2 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1); blood lactate concentration: (A) 3.3 mmol . l(-1), (B) 5.1 mmol . l(-1), (C) 2.8 mmol . l(-1)], yet there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the endurance times between the three conditions [(A) 11.43 min, (B) 11.1 min, (C) 10.57 min] and seven participants endured longest in protocol B. Results from protocol (C) cast doubt on explanations in terms of psychological distraction. We suggest that lactic acid produced by the arms is shuttled to the legs and acts there either as a supplementary fuel source or as an antagonist to the depressing effects of increased potassium concentration. 相似文献
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Arulmani Gideon van Laar Darren Easton Simon 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2003,3(3):193-204
This paper responds to current discussions in career psychology that emphasise the importance of understanding how socio-economic
backgrounds and social-cognitive environments influence career development. Located in India, this study examines the interaction
between career beliefs and socio-economic status within a sample of Indian high school students. Significant socio-economic
status differences were observed, with the lower SES groups showing higher levels of negative career beliefs. The relevance
of these findings to career psychologists who work in multi cultural contexts is discussed within the framework of the Social
Cognitive Theories of Career Decision Making.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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William E. Martin Crystal Easton Sheilah Wilson Michelle Takemoto Shannon Sullivan 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2004,44(1):17-30
The authors investigated the association between emotional intelligence and counseling self‐efficacy. Participants were 140 counseling students and practicing counselors who completed the Emotional Judgment Inventory and the Counseling Self‐Estimate Inventory. Emotional intelligence differentiated counselors from noncounselors (Mdn d = .6650) but provided mixed results in differentiating counseling students and counselors. Moreover, the emotional intelligence factors Identifying Own Emotions, Expressing Emotions Adaptively, and Using Emotions in Problem Solving successfully predicted counseling self‐efficacy of both counseling students and practicing counselors (R = .537). Emotional intelligence may be another marker for individuals exploring professional counseling as a career and for improving students' counseling self‐efficacy. 相似文献
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John Q. Easton Ellen P. Forrest Ruth E. Goldman L. Mark Ludwig 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(2):153-163
Three major urban community college districts replicated a study of very effective teachers originally conducted at the City Colleges of Chicago. Researchers at the cooperating institutions identified teachers who had outstanding reputations and whose students achieved'at very high levels. Intensive interviews revealed four common attributes of the ninety teachers involved in the original and replication studies. The teachers plan and organize goals, they show respect and interest in their students, they encourage student participation, and they monitor student progress and respond accordingly. The excellent teachers in this study are exceptionally dedicated and hard working. Many of the techniques that they use can be successfully used by other teachers who would like to improve their own teaching. 相似文献
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Easton Peter B. Malam Moussa Laouali 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2019,65(3):471-496
International Review of Education - The demand for literacy in sub-Saharan Africa – as throughout most regions of the world – is directly linked to the uses to which those skills can be... 相似文献
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This analysis used Peirce's triadic approach to interpret 58 public depictions of women during the two world wars. The images, appearing in government posters or as ads and illustrations in U.S. magazines and newspapers, endeavored to convey the seriousness of the war effort and mobilize audiences to support it. Aligned in five thematic clusters (competence, domesticity, heterosexual attraction, beauty maintenance, and romantic longing), many invited polysemy through discrepant visual and verbal cues aimed at different audiences. Women as viewers and as objects of representation were addressed in the context of both citizenship and consumption. The analysis explicates ideological points about wartime gender relations and points to the objectification of women's bodies as implied sexual rewards for product purchase in WWII. 相似文献
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TECHNOLOGY (Social Issues Resources Inc P.O. Box 2507, Boca Raton, Fla. 33432---one three-ring notebook of articles from 1980-1981, $52.00) INFORMATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON AMERICAN EDUCATION (Washington, D.C., Office of Technology Assessment, Ynited States Congress, September l982---price not given, paper) VIDEO GAMES TODAY: MANAGEMENT, MARKETING AND TECHNOLOGY (Phillips Publishing, Suite 1200 N, 7315 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, MD 20814---$147.00 per year, monthly) TELECONFERENCING AND ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS (Center for Interactive Programs, Old Radio Hall, 975 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706---$25.00, paper) Anthony T. Easton, THE HOME SATELLITE TV BOOK: HOW TO PUT THE WORLD IN YOUR BACK YARD (New York: Wideview Books, 1982---$10.95, paperback) SATELLITE TV WEEK (Fortuna Publishing Co., P.O. Box 308, Fortuna, CA 95540---$48.00 per year, weekly) Rhonda Presser, ed., THE 1982 SATELLITE DIRECTORY (Phillips Publishing, Inc., 7315 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, MD 20814 ---$95.00) “Cable Television: The Monopoly Myth and Competitive Reality” (Shooshan and Jackson, Inc., 1850 K St., N.W., Suite 510, Washington, D.C. 20006---price not given, paper) “Cable and Children: An ACT Handbook” (Action for Children's Television, 46 Austin St., Newtonville, MA 02160---free on request) 相似文献